The Cancer Poster

NOTESThe Cell CycleTodays agenda:Review cancerReview MitosisDNA worksheetWork from book: page 165 = Homework (or finish in class)

The Cell CycleThe cell cycle is broken into three main components:

InterphaseMitosis CytokinesisInterphaseThe longest portion of the cell cycle. During this phase, the cell increases in size and makes the proteins necessary for the cell to function. Some organelles start to duplicate.

Replication

Towards the end of Interphase, some organelles start to duplicate, and the DNA begins to uncoil or unzip itself to make a duplicate copy of DNA.

End of InterphaseThe cell continues to grow.Chromatin is still in its loosely coiled form.Mitochondrias duplicate.

Activity DNA sheet

MitosisFirst things firstA few groups are still missing presentations.Presentations will resume today (lunch) and tomorrow.Microscope booklet Due last weekCell lab sheet Due last week (extras in the bin)

Today:Review MitosisIntroduction to asexual reproduction

MitosisI PMAT -- What does that stand for?

Interphase

Prophase MetaphaseAnaphaseTelophase

The Beginning Interphase

Original CellWell, more like thisEnd of Interphase

Cell with Replicated Chromosome and Organelles

Still looks like this

What is Mitosis?Mitosis is the process by which a parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

Sometimes, there are errors during this process which will result in genetic anomalies.

During this process, replicated chromosomes (which are actually two chromatids held together by a centromere) are separated and divided into two Daughter Cells. Prophase

Two centriolesnuclear wallnucleolusEarly Prophase: Replicated Chromosomes coil up Nucleolus disappearsNuclear membrane begins to break downCentrioles are moving towards poles______________ fibers?Late Prophase: Spindle fibers completeChromosomes attach to spindle fibers at their ______________________Nuclear membrane disappearsMetaphase

Spindle Fiberscentromere Tugging action of spindle fibers pulls X-shapedchromosomes into a single line across the middle of the cell. Anaphase

Spindle fibers contract Chromosomes split at centromeres Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of cellTelophase A complete set of chromosomes is on each side of the cell Spindle fibers disappear Nuclear membrane forms Nucleolus reappears One cell, two nuclei = the cell is ready to divide!

CytokinesisCell pinching: the swollen cell begins to pinch at the equator, separating the cytoplasm and its contents into two new cells.

Daughter Cells Identical to parent cellWhat are these called?Show what you know worksheet

Asexual Reproduction

Asexual reproduction: Only one parent is required, and the offspring is a genetic copy to the parent, or a clone. Bread mould, for instance, is a group of cloned cells from a single mould spore. A new duplicate tree growing up from the bottom of another tree is also a clone.

How about animals?Cloning Animals Mimihttp://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/clickandclone/Cloning Worksheet Work in pairs