Notes regarding submitting comments on this Draft Work Product

NotesregardingsubmittingcommentsonthisDraftWorkProduct:

Comments are Due April 20, 2018.

Comments shall be no longer than 5 pages.

Comments should be submitted to [email protected]

IntegratedResourcePlanMethodologies

for

EastBayCommunityEnergy

PreparedbyOptonyInc

2855KiferRoadSuite201SantaClara,CA95051www.optonyusa.com

March2018

NeedsAssessment

“GapAnalysis”

IDResourceNeeds

“FilltheGap”

SelectResources,ScenarioAnalysis

BuildPortfolioMeasurementandValidation

TABLEOFCONTENTSIntroduction.................................................................................................................................................1

RegulatoryBackgroundandSB350.............................................................................................................2

NewIRPGuidelines......................................................................................................................................2

IRPFilingContents................................................................................................................................3

IRPFilingReviewProcedure.................................................................................................................4

LeveragingtheLDBPtomeetnewIRPRequirements..................................................................................4

RPSPlanning.............................................................................................................................................4

TheRequirement..................................................................................................................................4

LeveragingtheLDBP.............................................................................................................................4

EnergyEfficiencyandDemandResponse................................................................................................6

TheRequirement..................................................................................................................................6


EnergyStorage.........................................................................................................................................8

TheRequirement..................................................................................................................................8


GridBenefitsandLocationalFactors........................................................................................................9

TheRequirement..................................................................................................................................9

LeveragingtheLDBP...........................................................................................................................10

AdditionalLDBPImplicationsforResourcePlanning.................................................................................11

DrivingCostReductionsinLocalResources...........................................................................................11

SitingandManagementofLocalResources..........................................................................................12

Conclusion..................................................................................................................................................13

AppendixA:RelevantCaliforniaStateLawsandPolicies...........................................................................14

LawsandRegulations.............................................................................................................................14

PoliciesandPlans...................................................................................................................................15

References..................................................................................................................................................18

OPTONYInc. SanFrancisco|SiliconValley|Chicago Page|1

INTRODUCTIONIntegrated resourceplans (IRPs)havestoodascommonplacepower resourceplanningdocuments fordecades. They have informed the energy purchasing practices of investor-owned utilities (IOUs),publically-ownedutilities(POUs),andmorerecentlyCommunityChoiceAggregators(CCAs). IRPshavetraditionally focused on equipping utilities to achieve competitive energy costs and subsequent lowrates for customers through a combination of short and long term power contracts filled from thewholesalemarket. These procurement decisions are often accompanied by energy risk management(ERM) policies that define how far in advance commitments to energy purchases aremade tomeetforecastedenergysupplyneeds.

Until recently, IRPs have not been a regulated requirement for CCAs like EBCE. However, withCalifornia’s focus on themitigation of GHG emissions and the decarbonization of the State’s energysystem, IRPs have become amandated requirement under SB350.1 Crucial to SB350 is the increasingRenewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) requirements and energy efficiency goals designed to reducecarbon intensitywithin the energy system.As a result, SB350 (and theportfolio standards it creates)directlyimpactstheprocurementdecisionsofportfoliomanagersandenergytradersrepresentingtheirrespectiveLSEsinthewholesaleenergymarket.

Todate several IRPshavebeendeveloped forCCAsacrossCalifornia.As theCCA industrymatures inCalifornia,therehasbeenanotableincreaseinthelevelofattentiongiventotheuseoflocaldistributedenergyresources(DERs)tomeet loadrequirements,aswellastheinnateabilityofthoseresourcestohelp meet RPS requirements and provide the flexibility necessary to respond in beneficial ways towholesale market price volatility. With EBCE’s commitment to the prioritization of local resourcedevelopment, it is important for the organization to incorporate methodologies that support theintegration of local energy resources into EBCE’s IRP. An IRP tailored to consider the value of localresourcescansupportEBCE’ssuccessfulimplementationofenergyefficiency,demandresponse,energystorage, new generation, and innovative rate structures that canmeet EBCE’s energy requirements,whileminimizingriskexposureandmaximizingcommunitybenefit.

ThepurposeofthisreportistoprovidethebackgroundandcontextfortheemergingIRPrequirementsapplicabletoEBCE,andtooutlineanapproachforleveragingthefindingsandrecommendationsoftheLocalBusinessDevelopmentPlan (LDBP) tomeet these requirements. It is important tonote that theLDBPscopeofwork“doesnotinvolvethedraftingofanactualintegratedresourceplan,asthisworkisbeingdonethroughadifferentprocurementprocessforgeneralCCAtechnicalservices.”2ThisseparateIRPdevelopmentisunderwaypresently,andthissectionoftheLDBPismeantosupportthateffort.

1http://www.energy.ca.gov/sb350/2ExcerptedfromtheEastBayCommunityEnergyLocalDevelopmentBusinessPlanRFP(page21)https://ebce.org/wp-content/uploads/LDBP-RFP-FINALCounty-letter.pdf


REGULATORYBACKGROUNDANDSB350There isa significantbodyof statepoliciesand regulations, including legislativebills andpublicutilitycodesections,andalso state levelplanningdocuments thatwill affectEBCE’s IRPdevelopment. Stateactivity in theseareashas rampedup significantly in recent years in anattempt to spur cleanenergydevelopmentandsupporttheachievementofaggressivestatewidecleanenergyandclimateprotectiongoals.EBCE’sIRPdevelopmentteamwillneedtoanalyzetheregulatoryandeconomicenvironmentthatEBCEwillbeoperatingunderduringshort-term,near-term,and long-termplanninghorizons,withthegoalofunderstandingthelargersystemunderwhichday-to-daybusinessoperationswilltakeplaceandtoinformstrategicdecisionsforEBCE’sroll-out.

AlistingofmanyrelevantstateregulationsandplansisprovidedintheAppendix.ThisreportwillfocusprimarilyonSB350,theCleanEnergyandPollutionReductionActof2015,whichhasdirectimplicationsforEBCE’sIRP.

SB350—signedintolawonOctober7th2015—setsagoalofreducingGHGemissions40%below1990levelsby2030.Itcontainsambitiousenergyefficiencyandrenewabletargetsdesignedtohelpachievethis goal, includinga50% renewableelectricityprocurementgoal andadoublingof energyefficiencysavingsintheelectricityandnaturalgassectorsby2030.3

SB350ismakingutilityIRPsaprimaryimplementationmechanismtoensuretheGHGgoalisachieved.UnderSB350, IRPsmust stillbalance supplywithdemandandaddress standardenergyprocurementneeds and reliability as theyhave always done.However, theymust nowalso demonstratewhat theload-servingentity(LSE)isdoingtomeetthe2030cleanenergyandGHGemissionstargets.TheCECwillbereviewingIRPsofallutilitieswithaloadgreaterthan700GWh/yrtoensurethisishappening.EBCEwillbewelloverthisthresholdandthustheirIRPwillbesubjecttoCECreview.

NEWIRPGUIDELINESSB350addedSection9621tothePublicUtilitiesCode.PUCSection96214andtheCPUCDecision18-02-0185outlinetherequirementsthatallLSE’s(includingCCA’s)mustfollowinwritingandadoptingtheirIRPs.TheCPUChasemphasizedadesiretobeacollaborativepartnertoCCAsinthisprocess,stating

WeabsolutelyintendtoworkcooperativelyandcollaborativelywiththeCCALSEs,aswewillwith

allLSEs,inensuringthattheirplansmeettherequirementsofthestatuteandofthisdecision.We

alsowill give due consideration to the priorities and policies of local governing boards of CCAs

whose local objectives may differ, at least in emphasis, from the statewide requirements we

adhere to. Though we note that the CCAs must still meet the statutory and regulatory

requirementswiththeprimarygoalsofGHGemissionsreductionandelectricsystemreliability.6

3AconcisesummaryofSB350isavailableat:http://www.energy.ca.gov/sb350/.Thebillhasothercontentnotdescribedabove;thisreportfocusesonthesectionsofthebillwithdirectIRPimplications.4http://codes.findlaw.com/ca/public-utilities-code/puc-sect-9621.html5AdoptedbytheCPUConFebruary18,2018,see:http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Published/G000/M209/K771/209771632.PDF6CPUCDecision18-02-018,pages29-30


While the traditional IRP goals such as reliability, fair and equitable rates, and grid resilience are stillpresent in the new requirements, there aremany new clean energy requirements that nowmust beaddressedintheIRPaswell.

Insummary,EBCE’sIRPwillhaveto:

• ShowEBCEisontracktoachieve:o GHGreductions40%below1990levelsby2030o A50%RPSby2030

• Addresstheprocurementof:o All energy efficiency and demand response resources that are cost effective, reliable,

andfeasibleo EnergystoragetargetssetbytheCECo Transportationelectrificationo Adiversifiedprocurementportfoliowithshortandlongtermproductso ResourceAdequacy(RA)requirements

• EnsurethatEBCE:o Fulfillsitsobligationtoserveitscustomersatjustandreasonablerateso Minimizesimpactsonratepayers'billso Ensuressystemandlocalreliabilityo Strengthensthediversity,sustainability,andresilienceofthegrido Enhancesdistributionsystemsanddemand-sideenergymanagemento Minimizes localized air pollutants and other greenhouse gas emissions with early

priorityondisadvantagedcommunities

InordertohelpLSE’sdownthisnewpath, theCECpublished IRPsubmissionandreviewguidelines inAugust 2017.7 This publication describes the content requirements of the IRP filing as well as thesubmissionandreviewprocess.

IRPFilingContentsAtahighlevel,theIRPfilingtotheCECwillincludetheadoptedIRPalongwithfourstandardizedtablesandallnecessarysupportinginformation.TheIRPmustlookforwardtoatleast2030,thoughLSE’sarealsoencouragedtoaddressthepost-2030period.

The standardized tables will be a visual layout of key yearly totals through 2030. Line-by-linespecificationsareprovidedintheguidelines,butatahighlevelthetableswillshowenergyandcapacitydemands,energyandcapacitysupplyfromeachresource,RPSprogress,andGHGemissions.

The supporting information refers to all analyses, studies, data, andothermaterial that EBCEuses tocreate its IRP.This informationsubstantiatestheadoptedIRPandthe information inthestandardizedtables,andgivestheCECameansforauditingtheIRPfilingeffectively.

CPUCDecision18-02-018providesaStandardLSEPlan(AttachmentAoftheDecisionfiling)toserveasatemplateforLSEIRPs.Thistemplatewillbeupdatedforeachnewsubmittalandreviewcycle.

7http://www.energy.ca.gov/sb350/IRPs/


IRPFilingReviewProcedureAfter theEBCEgoverningboardadoptsan IRP,EBCEshouldbeginpreparing the IRP filing thatwillbesubmitted to the CEC. This will involve creating the four standardized tables and compiling andorganizing all supporting information. The filing is due by the nextApril 30th after the IRP is adopted(unlessadoptedinMarch,April,orMay,inwhichcasethefilingisduewithin90daysofadoption).

EBCEmayselectacontractor toprepareandsubmit the filingon itsbehalf.Confidentialityoncertainportionsofthefilingmayberequested.

TheCECreviewsthefilingthroughatwostepprocess:1)acompletenesschecktobeconductedwithin30days,and2)afullcontentreviewtobeconductedwithin120days.Apublicpostingandcommentperiod is part of this review. If the CEC finds deficiencies in the IRP filing relative to PUC 9621requirements,itwillproviderecommendationsforcorrection.

EBCEmusthaveaprocessforupdatingtheIRPandassociatedIRPfilingatleastevery5years.

LEVERAGINGTHELDBPTOMEETNEWIRPREQUIREMENTSThis sectionof the reportwill lookat a fewof thePUC9621 cleanenergy requirements for IRPsanddescribehowtheLDBPcanbeleveragedtohelpaddresstheserequirements.

ItshouldbenotedthattheLDBP isspecifically focusedon local resources,andthatPUCSection9621doesnotcontainanylocalmandates.However,manyofthePUC9621requirementswillbynaturehavetobelocal–resourcessuchasenergyefficiencyanddemandresponsemustbesourcedattheenduselocation. For the PUC 9621 requirements that could be sourced remotely, such generation assetscontributing toward the 50% RPS goal, we presume the IRP process which EBCE has separatelycontracted will address such scenarios. However, the authors will endeavor to show that there issignificantroomforlocalcontributionsevenintheseareas.

RPSPlanningTheRequirementPUC Code 9621 requires that the IRP “ensures procurement of at least 50 percent eligible renewable

energy resources by 2030”8 and that the procurement be consistent with the California Renewables

PortfolioStandardProgram.9

TheRPSprogramhasinterimgoalsof33%by2020,40%by2024,and45%by2027.Eligibleresourcesincludesolarphotovoltaics,solarthermal,wind,biomass,geothermal,certainhydrofacilities,fuelcellsusingrenewablefuels,landfillgas,andmunicipalsolidwasteconversion.

LeveragingtheLDBPAstheTask1LDBPdocumentshavedemonstrated,thereissignificantpotentialforgrid-siderenewableresourcesintheCounty.

8PUCsection9621,subdivision(b),paragraph(2)9TheRPSProgramisdefinedinPUCDivision1,Part1,Chapter2.3,Article16.Thefulltextisavailableathttps://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=PUC&division=1.&title=&part=1.&chapter=2.3.&article=16.


AmongRPS-eligible technologies, solar photovoltaics (“PV”) has the largest potential. TheSolar SitingSurveySummaryReportpreviouslypublishedbytheLDBPteamassessedthetechnicalsitingpotentialfor large scale solar (systems > 1MW in size) in the County. This report identified over 660MW ofpotentialacross250sites. Importantly,morethan30%of thispotential isonparking lotsandparkingstructures–forthesesites,CEQAapprovalisnotrequiredandthustheseprojectsareeasiertodevelop.Thoughitisunlikelythatallofthissolarwouldbefeasibletodevelop,toprovidesomeperspectiveontheRPScontributionpotential, 660MWof solar capacitywouldproducebetween10-15%ofCounty-wideload.10

If this solarwere to be counted toward RPS requirements, EBCEwould need to consider the correctprogram structure. Net energy metering (NEM), the most common solar program for customers,generally does not involve the transfer of Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) to the LSE, and thuscould not be used for EBCE’s RPS compliance. However, if EBCE’s net metering program includespaymentforexcessgenerationattheendofa12monthcycle,theRECswouldtypicallytransferforthatsmallportionofoverallenergy.

However, if a feed-in tariff (FIT) is pursued in addition to net energymetering, the feed-in-tariff ratecouldincludethetransferofRECownershiptoEBCE.TheFeed-inTariffDesignRecommendationsreportpreviously published by the LDBP team discusses the approach to designing such a program. If EBCEwishescustomer-sitedsolar tobeaportionof itsRPScompliance, it couldconsider feed-in tariffasapossiblepathwaytoachievethis.

Beyond these customer-sited programs, there are many options for EBCE to procure renewableresourcesdirectly inorder to count towardanRPS requirement.A traditional request foroffer (RFO)process has been used by the 3 large investor owned utilities in California for long-term, utility-scalerenewable energy contracts.11 The renewable auction mechanism12 (RAM) is another procurementprogram used by the IOUs to obtain projects which are typically smaller than the request for offerprojects, but can comeonlinemuch quicker. As part of the RFOor RAMprocess, EBCE could specifypreferenceforlocalprojects,perhapsbyprovidingfinancialincentivesforsuchprojects.

Beyond solar PV, there are several additional resources that could be harness locally. The LCOENarrative report previously published by the LDBP team highlights several of these resources andprovideshighlevelcostestimatecomparisons.

It may also be helpful to compare the portfolios of other area load-serving entities to assess theirrenewablesources.ThecurrentenergymixofPG&EalongwithareaCCAsisshownbelow:

10Assumesanaverageenergyyieldof1,500kWh/yrfromthesolarfor(660,000kW*1500kWh/kW/yr)=990GWh/yrandatotalloadof7,500GWh/yrforaloadcontributionof(990/7,500)=13.2%.11http://cpuc.ca.gov/Utility_Scale_RFO/12http://cpuc.ca.gov/Renewable_Auction_Mechanism/


Table1.EnergySupplyPortfolioComparison(estimatesasofJuly2017fromvarioussources)

PacificGas&Electric

MCE*100%solaravailable

PCE SVCE CPSF RCEA LCE

Default Solar

Opt-Up

Default Opt-Up*

Default Opt-Up Default Opt-Up

Default Opt-Up Default Opt-Up Default Opt-Up

Biomass &Biowaste 4% - 6% - 3% 7% 15% 41% 14%

Geothermal 5% - 10% - 3% 7% 0 0% 0

RenewableHydroelectric 3% - 7% - 13% 26% 0 0% 18%

SolarElectric 13% 100% 5% 25% 3% 7% 25% 50% 5% 13% 0

Wind 8% - 36% 75% 28% 53% 25% 50% 40% 100% 17% 46% 4% 100%

LargeHydroelectric 12% - 11% - 30% 50% % 38% 27% 0% 0

NaturalGas 17% - - %0 % % 22% 0 0% 0

Nuclear 24% - - 0% % % 0 0% 0

UnspecifiedOpenMarketResources

14% - 25% - 20% % % 36% 0% 64%

As seenabove,wind is currently thedominant renewable source for these LSEs.Manyof thesewindcontractsaresourcedfromoutofthearea. It is likelythiswillbethecaseforsomeportionofEBCE’senergymixaswell,buttheLDBPanalysisshowsthatasignificantportionoftheRPSrequirementcouldbemetwithresourcesfromwithintheCounty.

Beyond just procuring the energy needed to meet the RPS requirement, EBCE will also have todemonstrateitscomplianceviatheIRPfilingtotheCEC,whichmustincludeyearlyprogressonRPSandGHGreductions.ItisrecommendedthatEBCEconfrontthechallengeofGHGmeasurementandimpactreportinginthefirstyearofoperation,asoutlinedintheRecommendationsforClearandTransparent

Reporting Procedures section of the LDBP. Qualification and analysis of the LDBP impacts on thestatewidegoalsofGHGreductionshouldbepreparedassoonasfeasibleforpresentationincommentsand proceedings at the Public Utilities Commission, Energy Commission, Air Resources Board, andlegislature.

EnergyEfficiencyandDemandResponseTheRequirementPUC Code 9621 requires that the IRP shall address procurement for “Energy efficiency and demandresponse resources pursuant to section 9615”,13 where section 9615 adds that “Each local publiclyownedelectricutility, inprocuringenergy to serve the loadof its retail end-use customers, shall first

13PUCsection9621,subdivision(d),paragraph(1),subparagraph(A)


acquireallavailableenergyefficiencyanddemandreductionresourcesthatarecosteffective,reliable,andfeasible.”14

LeveragingtheLDBPThecodemakesquiteastrongstatementinregardtoenergyefficiency(EE)anddemandresponse(DR),requiringload-servingentitiestoprocuretheseproductsbeforeprocuringenergygeneration.Thekeyistheconditionthatsuchresourcesbe“cost-effective”.Thisclause isparticularly important fordemandresponse.

TheDemandResponseProgramOpportunitiesreportwhichhasbeenpreviouslypublishedbytheLDBPproject team discusses several possible DR approaches. For DR, having load shed that is highlydispatchable is generally quite expensive relative to wholesale energy procurement costs. This isdemonstrated in theTask 2 LCOE report from the LDBP teamwhich is currently in draft form.WhenofferingDRtariffs,theutilitymustpayapremium,typicallythroughmonthlyincentivepayments,tobeabletorequestcustomerloadshedonshortnotice.OurLCOEanalysisshowedthesetariffstypicallypayinthe$0.40-$0.60/kWhrangeforloadshed,andthatfigureassumesthatahighnumberofeventsarecalled.

LessrestrictiveDRtariffsaremorecost-effective.ThePG&EScheduleLoadReductionProgram15,aDRtariff inwhich the customer chooses pre-determined load shed times and there are no penalties fornon-compliance, issuchanexample.Thistariffpaysonly$0.10/kWhfor loadshed.However,the loadshedmaynotbeconsideredtomeetthe“reliable”clauseofPUCCode9615,asparticipantsaremorelikelynottomeettheirloadshedgoalsonagivenday.

ThoughthesetariffoptionsmaynotbeconsideredaPUC-mandatedportionoftheEBCE’sIRP,theycanstillserveavaluableroleinshapingthecounty-widedemandprofiletomoreaccuratelyalignwithtimesof peak renewable generation and away from times of peak energy procurement costs. This shapingfunction,which can be a foundational strategy for EBCE, is discussed in the LDBPDemand Responsereport.

Inadditiontothesetariffoptions,ourDemandResponseProgramOpportunitiesreportdiscussesdirectloadcontrolasanotherDRoption.Asthatreportdiscusses,manydirect loadcontrolprogramscanbelaunched using partnerships with third parties who handle customer enrollment, provide the DRplatform,andhandleotheraspectsofprogrammanagement.Forthatreason,thisapproachtoDRmaymeet the consideration for “cost-effective”, and by nature direct load control is also a “reliable”offering.Forthisreason,thesetypesofDRofferingsmaybemost inkeepingwiththeCode9621and9615requirementsforDRofferingsinloadservingentityIRPs.

The Code requirements are more widely applicable for EE offerings, which are typically more costeffectivethandemandresponse.AsdemonstratedintheTask2LCOEreport,empiricaldatafromutilityadministered energy efficiency programs shows that residential efficiency savings cost around$0.033/kWh on average, while commercial/industrial EE costs around $0.055/kWh. These figuresrepresenttotalcosts;theLSEasaprogramadministratorwouldsharethiscostwithcustomerswhoareimplementingthemeasures,leavingthetypicalprogramadministratorcostatlessthan$0.03/kWhfor

14PUCsection961515https://www.pge.com/en_US/business/save-energy-money/energy-management-programs/demand-response-programs/scheduled-load-reduction.page


EEsavings.Assuch,itisclearthatLSEadministeredEEprogramsmeetthe“costeffective,reliable,andfeasible”clauseofCode9615andmustbeaprimaryconsiderationintheIRPprocess.

TheEnergyEfficiencyAssessmentreportwhichhasbeenpreviouslypublishedbytheLDBPprojectteamdiscusses many EE possibilities in the County. Section VIII of that report lays out a roadmap for EEprogram deployment, and much of that roadmap could be incorporated directly into EBCE’s IRP inconformancewithPUCCode9621requirements.

Thefirst2yearswouldseeEBCEsupportanexistingnetworkofEEProgramAdministratorswhohaveestablished programs in Alameda County (East Bay Energy Watch, BayREN, and StopWaste). WhilesupportoftheseprogramsmaynotbecomeaformalizedpartoftheIRP,theirproliferationwillsupporttheGHGreductiontargetsthatareaconsiderationforIRPplanning.

Bythethirdyearofoperation,theEEroadmaplaidoutbytheLDBPteamrecommendsEBCEbegintoimplementrevenue-basedEEprogrammingusingitsownretailrevenues,targetingexpensivepartsofitsload.Inyearfour,itisrecommendedthattheCCAapplytotheCPUCtobeginusingratepayerfundstoroll out further energy efficiency offerings focused on hard-to-reach market segments that are notcoveredbyexistingprograms.Thesein-houseEEprogramswouldbecomeakeypartofEBCE’sIRP.

EnergyStorageTheRequirementPUC Code 9621 requires that the IRP shall address procurement for “Energy storage requirementspursuant to Chapter 7.7”,16 where Chapter 7.7 is a separate section of the PUC dedicated to energystorage systems. Chapter 7.7 does not lay out quantitative deployment targets, but does direct theCPUC to establish targets for all load servingentities17. It alsodirects utility boards todetermine andadopt their ownprocurement targets and to consider energy storage for uses such as reducing peakdemand, deferring generation, transmission, and distribution investment, and improving reliability.Chapter7.7alsoconfirmsthatenergystoragecanbeusedtomeetresourceadequacyrequirements.

AssemblyBill2514(AB2514)18of2010,thefirststatelawcallingforgrid-scaleenergystorage,wastheoriginal driving force behind these energy storagemandates. AB2514 eventually led to the CaliforniaEnergy Storage Roadmap19 and the issuance of CPUC Order 15-03-011,20 filed inMarch 2015, whichestablishedenergystoragetargetsof1%ofpeakloadforallnon-IOUload-servingentities(inclusiveofCCA’s).

Inshort,EBCEwillneedtodevelopandhavetheirboardapproveanenergystorageprocurementplantomeet1%ofpeakloadby2020,withconstructionoftheseprojectscompletedby2023.

LeveragingtheLDBPEnergyStorageContractingStrategy,areportpreviouslypublishedbytheLDBPteam,providesanactionplanformeetingthis1%ofpeakloadenergystoragemandate.Weestimatethistobeapproximately14

16PUCsection9621,subdivision(d),paragraph(1),subparagraph(B)17FordetailsontheCPUC’senergystoragetargetsettingproceedings,see:http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/General.aspx?id=346218https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=200920100AB251419https://www.caiso.com/informed/Pages/CleanGrid/EnergyStorageRoadmap.aspx20http://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/SearchRes.aspx?DocFormat=ALL&DocID=149976766


MWofenergystoragecapacity.Thereportfindsthatcomplianceispossiblethroughacombinationofresidentialandcommercialprograms,namely:

• 1MWofbehind-the-meterstorageviaCAREcustomergiveaways• 5MWviaresidentialtime-of-useratepilots• 3MWviacommercialtime-of-useratepilotsandfeed-intariffadders• 5MW+viacollaborativeprocurementsinthecommercialsector

This report also lays out strategies for capital financing and credit enhancement, to aid in thecontractingofenergystorageresources,withafocusontheearlyyearsofoperationwhenEBCEwillnotyethaveanestablishedcredithistory.

In addition to the guidance provided by the LDBP team in the Energy Storage Contracting Strategyreport, sample energy storage procurement plans that have been adopted by utilities in compliancewith AB2514, including those of Bay Area publicly owned utilities such as Silicon Valley Power andAlamedaPowerandWater,areavailableontheCEC’swebsite.21

Beyond just meeting state mandates, the LDBP team finds that energy storage systems can addsignificantvaluetoEBCEinmanagingvariousmarketrisksandintermittentlocalgenerationresources.The use ofwind and solar tomeet essential energy and power capacity needswill result in a severeexposuretoproblemsofexcessiveintermittencyandinsufficientdispatchability.Thiscanbeaddressedonacyclicalbasis throughportfoliobalancingofenergyandcapacitycontract swapswithother load-servingentities.Althoughthepotentialfordynamicenergyswapscreatesmarket-basedvirtualenergystorage, the daily and hourly balancing of intermittent local renewables will be managed in part byphysicalenergystorageassets.

Methodsofenergystorageplanningfallintocategoriesofco-locatedandgeneration-pairedstorageandstandalonestorage.Inmovingtowardtheuseoflocalgenerationtosatisfyregulatoryrequirementsofenergyand capacity, itwill benecessary tomandate resource firming storageatmany if not all localresource facilities. Firming the output of solar facilities against sudden drops due to passing cloudshadowswill be an earlymethodology for storage integration because it requires a smaller and lesscapital-intensivestoragesystem.Shapingintermittentlocalrenewablepowerandenergyovermultiplehours will be approached over multiple IRP cycles as the cost of storage continues to decline andagency-leddevelopmentbecomesmorefeasiblegivenincreasingnumberofstaffandthespecializationofskillsinadedicatedenergystoragedivisionoftheagency.IRPeffortstointegrateenergystorageintoEBCE’sportfolioshouldincreaseincrementallyoverthefirsttenyearsfollowingtheprogramlaunch.

GridBenefitsandLocationalFactorsTheRequirementPUCCode9621 requires that the IRP shallmeet the goals of PUCCode454.5222,which amongotheritems directs the load-serving entity to “ensure system and local reliability”

23 and to “strengthen thediversity, sustainability, and resilience of the bulk transmission and distribution systems, and local

21http://www.energy.ca.gov/assessments/ab2514_energy_storage.html22Fulltextof454.52availableat:http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PUC&sectionNum=454.52.23PUCCode454.52,subdivision(a),paragraph(1),subparagraph(E)


communities.”24WhilegridoperationwillnotbeEBCE’sresponsibility, itwillplayarole inshapingthe

energydemandandsupplyportfoliooftheCounty,andthusitsoperationswillimpactcongestiononthegridandassociatedreliabilitymetrics.

LeveragingtheLDBPLocalizeddevelopmentofdistributedenergy resourceswill result inbenefits thatcandirectlyaddressthese Code 9621 requirements to strengthen the sustainability and resilience of the grid, while alsoreducing impacts on ratepayers and helping to achieve GHG reduction targets. The Locational ValueFactors report which has been previously published by the LDBP team speaks to several of thesebenefits:

• Lowertransmissionanddistributionsystempowerlosses• Lowertransmissioncapacitychargesforcustomers• Lessuseofthetransmissionsystem’slimitedcapacity• Improvedreliabilityandresilienceviamorerapidlyrestoredserviceinlocalareasafteroutages

The CPUC’s Avoided CostModel25 quantifies the benefits of demand-side resources including energyefficiency, demand response, anddistributed generation. These timeand location specific (location isonly broken down to regional areas in this tool) values can provide a guide for the cost-effectivedeploymentofdistributedresourcesintheCounty.InAlamedaCounty,DERisfoundtohavethehighestaveragevalueduringthelatesummermonths,andwithenergyvaluetypicallypeakingfrom5p-7p:

TheseimagestakenfromLDBP’sreportLocationalValueFactors,pages6-7

Theby-hourchartshowstargethoursforthedeploymentofbothenergystorageanddemandresponsetechnologies,whichcanbelocatedattheareasofgreatestbenefit,andtheby-monthchartshowsthepositive impactofsolarPV,whichproducesmostenergyduringmonthsofhighvalueand is themostprevalentdistributedgenerationtechnologyintheCounty.

The LDBP Locational Value Factors report quantifies potential DER cost savings in several categoriesincludinglinelosses,transmissionaccesscharges,andemissions.Thereportalsoidentifiesareasoflocalreliabilityconstraint, includingthermaloverloadsontheGrant-Oakland115kVtransmissionlineduring

24PUCCode454.52,subdivision(a),paragraph(1),subparagraph(F)25http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/General.aspx?id=5267


certaincontingencysituations.AcurrentPG&EproposalincludessomeDERmitigationstohelpalleviatethisissue,thoughfurtherDERgrowthinthisareacouldreducetheneedforplannedPG&Eupgradesatapotentiallyloweroverallcost.TheOaklandCleanEnergyInitiative26RFO,apartnershipbetweenEBCEand PG&E, is seeking feedback on a plan to procure distributed energy, capacity, and reliabilityresources located in theCounty tohelp replace fossil generationand/orupgraded transmission lines.ThisisanexampleofaspecificDERdeploymentstrategywhichcouldinformtheEBCEIRPprocess.

This locational analysis carries over into another topic which EBCE will need to address in the IRPprocess, which is the PUC Code 454.52 mandate for load serving entities to “minimize localized air

pollutants and other greenhouse gas emissions, with early priority on disadvantaged communities

identified pursuant to Section 39711 of the Health and Safety Code.”27 The LDBP’s Locational BenefitFactors report points to a high correlation between areas of high pollution, high health impacts, andhighunemployment.TargetingDER investment in these locationscanaddress the IRP requirement tominimizeairpollutantsandemissionsindisadvantagedcommunities,whilemeetingtheelectricserviceneedsoftheareaandprovidingGHGreductionbenefitstohelpmeetadditionalIRPobligations.

ADDITIONALLDBPIMPLICATIONSFORRESOURCEPLANNING

DrivingCostReductionsinLocalResourcesIncreasedgrowthinthedomesticnaturalgassupplyduetoplentifulMarcellusdryshalegasproductionin Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, and New York has led to cheaper fuel for gas-fired electricitygenerators,whichhasaddedtothepressurecreatedbyfallingcostsofrenewablegenerationanddrivenfurther price reductions in electricity. In the event that falling prices in market electricity outpacecurrentforecastedprospectstheimplementationofasuccessfullocalresourceportfoliothatcanremaincost-competitivewithwholesalepowerpriceswillrequireprimeconsiderationbytheagency’sresourcemanagersaswellascustomerprogrammanagers.

Inordertoremaincompetitivetheagencyshouldbepreparedtodrivedownthecostoflocalresources.Thiswillrequireovercomingbarriersrelatingto:capitalcosts,physicalcomponentcosts,non-hardwarecosts(“softcosts”),marketaccessandparticipationcosts,andoperationalcosts.TheLocalJurisdictionalApprovals report currently in development by the LDBP team highlights the opportunity for EBCE toleverageitsinfluencetoreducepermittingandapprovalprocessesforlocalsolarprojectsintheCounty.Suchareductioninsoftcostscanmakeabigdifferenceinattractingdeveloperstotheregion.

Cost reductions can also be driven by the development of programs that incentivize local newgenerationandgrow the local energy supply.PreviouslypublishedLDBP reportsonnetmeteringandfeed-intariffsprovideguidanceforcreatingprogramsthatcanallowrapidandefficientdeploymentofdistributed generation systems. The long-term policy certainty provided by such programs reducesoverheadcostsforprojectdevelopers,particularlyinfinancingandcustomeracquisition,andincreasesdeployment.

26https://ebce.org/wp-content/uploads/Item-7-EBCE-Oakland-Clean-Energy-Initiative-RFO_Complete_FINAL.pdf27PUCCode454.52,subdivision(a),paragraph(1),subparagraph(H)


SitingandManagementofLocalResourcesDistributedgenerationinAlamedaCountyhasbeendominatedbybehind-the-metersolarPV.Thislocalgenerationhasnotbeenplannedorcoordinatedacrosstheregionto-date,butratherhasproceededbypersonalmotivationorneedsofspecificsiteowners.MostofthisdeploymenthasbeenthroughPG&E’snetmeteringprogram,andrepresentsunscheduledenergy.Schedulingandshapingofgenerationtofitloadistheroleoftheschedulingcoordinator(SC).TheSCischieflyanoutsourcedrole.

ItwilllikelyberequiredforEBCEtooutsourceschedulecoordinationofwholesalepowertransactionsinthe ISO market on behalf of the agency during the early years of operation. However, EBCE shouldadditionally expect to develop a programmatic approach to outsourcing the coordination of thedevelopmentofnewgeneration.Thisappliestobothcontrollable large-scaledirect-tiedassets,andtocustomersideresourcedevelopmentthatcannotbescheduled.

Grid-sidegenerationmaybescheduledthroughsomedegreeofagencycontrolofthecontractingtermsin order to optimize the financial performance to the agency. It is likely that the development andoperationoftheseassetswillinitiallybeoutsourced,buttheLDBPteamrecommendsthatEBCEemployaplantomoveawayfromcompletelyoutsourceddevelopmentplanningtowardaninternallycontrolledprocess for development planning within the first few years of operations that incorporates costavoidance for rate payers. Cost avoidance can be achieved through state and federal programs ofdistribution system upgrade deferral and transmission expansion deferral; these system costs areultimately shifted to ratepayers through transmissionanddistributioncharges28.AlthoughEBCEdoesnot set or collect transmission and distribution costs from customers, the agency can serve the localcommunityandenergymarketbyseekingthesemethodstoreducethesecoststhroughstrategicnewgenerationsiting,asdiscussedintheGridBenefitsandLocationFactorssectionofthisreport.

Directingaregionalplanforcustomer-sitednewgenerationoroperationofexistinggenerationcanbedone through collaboration with member jurisdictions or via third-party providers. Regionalmanagementofcustomer-sitedgenerationcanbeapproachedsimilarlytootherpublichealthandfiresafetymessages.Forexample,apublicawarenesscampaigndesignedtomotivatesolarownerstocleandirt from rooftopPVmaybe able to reducewholesale purchasing costs during peak times aswell asengagecommunitystakeholders.

28PG&E’s2017GeneralRateCaseApplication,availableathttp://docs.cpuc.ca.gov/PublishedDocs/Efile/G000/M154/K352/154352004.PDF


CONCLUSIONThisreporthasprovidedbackgroundontheshiftingprioritiesofIntegratedResourcePlansinCalifornia,andhasattemptedtoshedlightonhowtheLocalDevelopmentBusinessPlancanbeleveragedtomeetthesenewpriorities.

EBCE’s IRP will have to demonstrate progress toward the goal of a 50% RPS by 2030, while hittinginterimtargets,aswellasthegoalofareductioninGHGemissionsby40%below1990levelsby2030.TheLDBPisfocusedonbothgenerationanddemandmanagementresourcesthatwillhelpmeetthesegoals,withtheaddedbenefitsofbeinglocallysourced.

The IRPwill also need to address the procurement of specific distributed resourceswhich by naturemustbelocatedintheEBCEserviceterritory, includingenergyefficiency,energystorage,anddemandresponse.Thisreporthashighlightedeachoftheseresourcesanddemonstratedthewaysinwhichtheycan be used to meet new IRP requirements. Separate LDBP team reports address each of thesescenariosinmoredetail.

Additional IRP requirements, such as ensuring system stability and minimizing air pollutants indisadvantaged communities, can be informed by smart locational deployments of both distributedgenerationanddemandsidemanagement.TheLDBPteamhasprovidedreportsonthelocationalvalueof these resources, as well as strategies for deployment, including recommendations for customerprogramsthatcanhelptheseresourcesthrive.

Thisreportdoesnotprovideanexhaustive listoftheLDBPfeaturesthatmay insomeway informtheIRP process, but rather focuses on key topics that must be addressed in the IRP filing to the CEC.Additional LDBP teamwork addresses areas such as procurement strategies, contractingmodels, andriskanalysisthatcanalsoinformlongtermresourceplanningforEBCE.


APPENDIXA:RELEVANTCALIFORNIASTATELAWSANDPOLICIES

LawsandRegulations• SenateBill(SB)X1-2,RenewablesPortfolioStandard

SB X1-2 expanded California’s Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) goals and requires retail sellers ofelectricityand localpubliclyownedelectricutilities to increase theirprocurementofeligible renewableenergyresourcesto20%bytheendof2013,25%bytheendof2016,and33%bytheendof2020.

Additionalinformation:http://www.energy.ca.gov/portfolio/

ApplicableLaw:CaliforniaPublicUtilitiesCode§399.11etseq.

• AB758,BuildingEfficiency

AB758requirestheEnergyCommissiontocollaboratewiththeCaliforniaPublicUtilitiesCommissionandstakeholderstodevelopacomprehensiveprogramtoachievegreaterenergyandwatersavingsinexistingresidential and nonresidential buildings. The Energy Commission developed aExisting Buildings EnergyActionPlaninAugust2015.

Additionalinformation:http://www.energy.ca.gov/ab758/

Applicable Law: California Public ResourcesCode§ 25943, California PublicUtilities Code§§ 381.2 and385.2

• AB1109,CaliforniaLightingEfficiencyandToxicsReductionAct

AB 1109 places restrictions on themanufacture and sale of certain general purpose lights (i.e., lamps,bulbs,tubes,andotherelectricdevicesthatprovidefunctional illuminationfor indoorandoutdooruse)that contain hazardous substances. It also requires the Energy Commission to adoptminimumenergyefficiency standards for general purpose lights and to make recommendations to the Governor andLegislatureregardingthecontinuationofreducedlightingconsumptionbeyond2018.

Additional Information: http://www.energy.ca.gov/2014publications/CEC-500-2014-039/CEC-500-2014-039.pdfApplicableLaw:CaliforniaHealthandSafetyCode§§25210.9et.seq.,CaliforniaPublicResourcesCode§25402.5.4

• AB2514,EnergyStorageSystems

AB 2514 required the CPUC to determine targets for the procurement of viable, cost-effective energystoragesystemsby load-servingentities.TheCPUCadoptedtheprocurementtargets inDecision13-10-040,issuedonOctober17,2013(seethesummaryofDecision13-10-040inthe“Policies/Plans”sectionbelow).

Additionalinformation:http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/general.aspx?id=3462ApplicableLaw:CaliforniaPublicUtilitiesCode§§2835et.seq.,and§9620

• SBX7-7,WaterConservationAct

SBX7-7 requires the State to achievea20% reduction inurbanper capitawaterusebyDecember31,2020. It requiresall retailurbanwatersuppliers to increasewateruseefficiencyandtoestablishurbanwaterusetargets.

AdditionalInformation:http://www.bsc.ca.gov/;http://www.energy.ca.gov/appliances/


ApplicableLaw:CaliforniaCodeofRegulations,Title20,Division2,Chapter4,Article4,§§1601et.seq.

• SB350,CleanEnergyandPollutionReductionActof2015

SB350doesthefollowing:1)expandsCalifornia’sRPSgoalsandrequiresretailsellersofelectricityandlocalpubliclyownedelectricity to increasetheirprocurementofeligible renewableenergyresources to40%bytheendof2024,45%bytheendof2027,and50%bytheendof2030;2)requirestheEnergyCommissiontoestablishannual targets forstatewideenergyefficiencysavings inelectricityandnaturalgas final end uses of retail customers by January 1, 2030; and 3) provide for transformation of theIndependent System Operator into a regional organization. SB 350 also established California’s 2030greenhousegasreductiontargetof40%below1990levels.

Additionalinformation:http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/15-16/bill/sen/sb_0301-0350/sb_350_bill_20151007_chaptered.htm

ApplicableLaw:CaliforniaSenateBill350(2015)

• CaliforniaEnergyCode

TheEnergyCodeisacomponentoftheCaliforniaBuildingStandardsCode,andispublishedeverythreeyears through the collaborative efforts of state agencies including the California Building StandardsCommission and the Energy Commission. The Code ensures that new and existing buildings achieveenergyefficiencyandpreserveoutdoorandindoorenvironmentalqualitythroughuseofthemostenergyefficienttechnologiesandconstruction.

Additionalinformation:http://www.energy.ca.gov/title24/ApplicableLaw:CaliforniaCodeofRegulations,Title24,Part6andassociatedadministrativeregulationsinPart1

PoliciesandPlans• Governor’sCleanEnergyJobsPlan(2011)

InJune2011,GovernorJerryBrownannouncedaplanto invest incleanenergyand increaseefficiency.Theplanincludesagoalofproducing20,000megawatts(MW)ofrenewableelectricityby2020bytakingthe following actions: addressing peak energy needs, developing energy storage, creating efficiencystandardsforbuildingsandappliances,anddevelopingcombinedheatandpower(CHP)projects.Specificgoalsincludebuilding8,000MWoflarge-scalerenewableandtransmissionlines,12,000MWoflocalizedenergy,and6,500MWofCHP.

Additionalinformation:http://gov.ca.gov/docs/Clean_Energy_Plan.pdf

• BioenergyActionPlan(2012)

Various California state agencies developed the 2012BioenergyActionPlan to accelerate clean energydevelopment,jobcreation,andprotectionofpublichealthandsafety.Theplanrecommendsactionstoincreasethesustainableuseoforganicwaste,expandresearchanddevelopmentofbioenergyfacilities,reducepermittingandregulatorychallenges,andaddresseconomicbarrierstobioenergydevelopment.

Additional information: http://resources.ca.gov/docs/Final_Bioenergy_Action_Plan__ARB__-_press_release_8-22-12.pdf


• IntegratedEnergyPolicyReport(Biennial)

California Public Resources Code Section 25302 requires the Energy Commission to release a biennialreport thatprovidesanoverviewofmajorenergy trendsand issues facing the state.The IEPRassessesand forecasts all aspects of energy industry supply, production, transportation, delivery, distribution,demand, andpricing. The EnergyCommissionuses these assessments and forecasts to develop energypolicies. The 2015 IEPR included a multi-agency hearing on drought response and providedrecommendationsforfutureresearchandanalysisareas.

Additionalinformation:http://www.energy.ca.gov/energypolicy

ApplicableLaw:CaliforniaPublicResourcesCode§25300etseq.

• CPUC Decision 18-02-018, “Decision Setting Requirements for Load Serving Entities Filing IntegratedResourcePlans”(2018)

The Decision represents the Commission’s implementation of PUC Code Section 454.51 and 454.52,enactedaspartof SB350. It established2 year cyclesof LSE IRP filings andCommissionapproval, andestablishesmanyoftheguidelinesthatmustbefollowedintheIRP.ItalsoprovidesaStandardLSEPlanwhichservesasatemplatefortheIRPfiling.

Additionalinformation:http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/General.aspx?id=6442451195

• CPUC Decision 13-10-040, “Decision Adopting Energy Storage Procurement Framework and DesignProgram”(2013)

The Decision establishes policies andmechanisms for energy storage procurement, as required by AB2514(describedabove).TheIOUprocurementtargetis1,325megawattsofenergystorageby2020,withinstallationsrequirednolaterthantheendof2024.

Additionalinformation:http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/uploadedfiles/cpuc_public_website/content/about_us/organization/former_commissioners/peevey(1)/news_and_announcements/ferron_peevey_concurrence_storaged1310040.pdf

• CPUC’sEnergyEfficiencyStrategicPlan(2008)

The Energy Efficiency Strategic Plan creates a roadmap for achieving energy efficiency within theresidential, commercial, industrial, and agricultural sectors. The plan was updated in January 2011 toincludealightingchapter.

Additionalinformation:http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/general.aspx?id=4125

• NewResidentialZeroNetEnergyActionPlan2015-2020

TheResidentialNewConstructionZeroNetEnergyActionPlansupports theCaliforniaEnergyEfficiencyStrategicPlan’sgoaltohave100%ofnewhomesachievezeronetenergybeginningin2020.Theactionplanprovidesafoundationforthedevelopmentofarobustandself-sustainingzeronetenergymarketfornewhomes.

Additionalinformation:http://www.californiaznehomes.com/

• California’sExistingBuildingsEnergyEfficiencyActionPlan

TheExistingBuildingsEnergyEfficiencyActionPlanprovidesa10-yearroadmaptoactivatemarketforcesandtransformCalifornia’sexistingresidential,commercial,andpublicbuildingstockintohighperformingandenergyefficientbuildings.ThePlanprovidesacomprehensiveframeworkcenteredonfivegoals,eachwith an objective and a series of strategies to achieve it. Each strategy includes industry and/or


governmentimplementationpartners.WaterrelateditemsareaddressedinseveralofthestrategiesfromtheExistingBuildingsEnergyEfficiencyActionPlanincludingbutnotlimitedtostrategies1.5,2.2,4.1,and5.7fromtheplan.

AdditionalInformation:http://docketpublic.energy.ca.gov/PublicDocuments/15-IEPR-05/TN203806_20150310T093903_California%E2%80%99s_Existing_Buildings_Energy_Efficiency_Action_Plan.pdf

• CPUC–WaterEnergyNexusProceeding

TheCPUCrecentlyauthorizedaseriesofpilotprogramsexploringwhetherenergysavingsmayberealizedthroughwater conservationmeasures. Implicit in this approach is the concept that savingwater savesenergy. The CPUC’s Energy Division is currently analyzing whether an increase in energy efficiencyportfolioemphasisonmeasuresthatmaximizeenergysavingsinthewatersector–suchasthroughleaklossdetectionandenhancementofwatersystemsefficiency–maybewarranted.TheEnergyDivisionisalsocurrentlyconsideringhowcosteffectivenessshouldbeanalyzedforwater/energynexusprograms.CPUCRulemaking 13-12-011grants the Petition for Rulemaking of theDivisionof RatepayerAdvocatesrequesting that theCPUCopenaRulemakingproceeding todevelopapartnership frameworkbetweeninvestor owned energy utilities and the water sectorto co-fund programs that reduce energyconsumptionbythewatersectorinsupplying,conveying,treating,anddistributingwater

AdditionalInformation:http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/general.aspx?id=4139

• ExecutiveOrderB-29-15

GovernorBrown’sExecutiveOrderB-29-15proclaimstheseverityofthedroughtconditionsinCaliforniaand directs the Energy Commission to invest in new technologies that will achieve water and energysavingsandgreenhousegasreductions.

• ExecutiveOrderB-30-15

GovernorBrown’sExecutiveOrderB-30-15establishedanewinterimstatewidegreenhousegasemissionreduction target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 40 % below 1990 levels by 2030, to ensureCaliforniameetsitstargetofreducinggreenhousegasemissionsto80%below1990levelsby2050.

• TheGovernor'sStateofEmergencyProclamationonTreeMortality

ThedeclarationreleasedonOctober30,2015,declaredastateofemergencyandsoughtfederalactiontohelp mobilize additional resources for the safe removal of dead and dying trees. It also states, “TheCaliforniaEnergyCommissionshallprioritizegrantfundingfromtheElectricProgramInvestmentChargeforwoodybiomass-to-energy technologydevelopment anddeployment, consistentwithdirection fromtheCaliforniaPublicUtilitiesCommission.”

AdditionalInformation:

https://www.gov.ca.gov/docs/10.30.15_Tree_Mortality_State_of_Emergency.pdf


REFERENCESAlamedaMunicipalPowerEnergyResourcesPlanningDivision.“10-YearIntegratedResourcePlan(IRP).”

PublishedOctober2015.Availableathttp://www.alamedamp.com/component/content/article?id=1280:october-2015-pub-agenda

Behles.D,et.al.InformalCommentsoftheCaliforniaEnvironmentalJusticeAlliance,SierraClub,and

EnvironmentalDefenseFundontheCPUC’sStaffWhitePateronImplementingGHGPlanning

TargetsintheIRPProcess.CaliforniaPublicUtilitiesCommission.FiledFebruary112016.Availableathttp://www.cpuc.ca.gov/General.aspx?id=6442454756

CaliforniaEnergyCommission.“PubliclyOwnedUtilityIntegratedResourcePlans.”Webpage.PublishedbytheStateofCalifornia.AccessedMarch2018.Availableonlineathttp://www.energy.ca.gov/sb350/IRPs/

CaliforniaEnergyCommission.“PubliclyOwnedUtilityIntegratedResourcePlanSubmissionandReviewGuidelines.”PublishedJuly2017.Availableonlineathttp://www.energy.ca.gov/sb350/IRPs/

CaliforniaPublicUtilitiesCommission.DecisionSettingRequirementsforLoadServingEntitiesFiling

IntegratedResourcePlans.Decision18-02-018.IssuedFebruary132018.Availableonlineathttp://www.cpuc.ca.gov/General.aspx?id=6442451195

CaliforniaPublicUtilitiesCommission.ImplementingGHGplanningTargetsintheIRPProcess.PublishedNovember152016.Availableonlineathttp://www.cpuc.ca.gov/General.aspx?id=6442454756

CaliforniaPublicUtilitiesCommissionandCaliforniaEnergyCommission.OptionsforSettingGHGPlanningTargetsforIntegratedResourcePlanningandApportioningTargetsamongPubliclyOwned

UtilitiesandLoadServingEntities.IssuedFebruary10,2017.Availableonlineathttp://www.cpuc.ca.gov/General.aspx?id=6442452509

CaliforniaPublicUtilitiesCommission.ProposedApproachtoDevelopmentof40x30ReferencePlanfor

2017.PresentationattheIntegratedResourcePlanningWorkshop.CPUCAuditorium,December162016.

CaliforniaStateLaw.PublicUtilitiesCode.Section9621.Availableonlineathttps://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PUC&sectionNum=9621

CaliforniaStateLaw.PublicUtilitiesCode.Section9615.Availableonlineathttps://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PUC&sectionNum=9615

CaliforniaStateLaw.PublicUtilitiesCode.Section454.52.Availableonlineathttp://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=PUC&sectionNum=454.52

CaliforniaStateLegislature.SenateBill350.CleanEnergyandPollutionReductionActof2015.SignedintolawonOctober7,2015.Fulltextavailableonlineathttp://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB350

SchlagN.,OlsonA.,NelsonJ.RESOLVEModelingOverview.PresentationattheCPUCIRPWorkshop.December162016.Slidesavailableonlineathttp://www.cpuc.ca.gov/General.aspx?id=6442451195


Siemens.NextGenerationIRP:beyondDistributedResourcePlanningandGridModernization.SiemensIndustry,Inc.AwhitepaperissuedDecember2015.Availableonlineathttp://www.paceglobal.com/reference-center/white-papers/

WilsonR.,BiewaldB.BestPracticesinElectricUtilityIntegratedResourcePlanning.SynapseEnergyEconomics,Inc.PublishedJune2013.Availableonlineathttp://www.synapse-energy.com/project/best-practices-electric-utility-integrated-resource-planning

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