Notes on Subatomic Particles

There are 3 subatomic particles in an atom:

1.

2.

3.

proton

neutron

electron

nucleus

Proton

Neutron(positive)

(neutral)

Electrons(negative)

Subatomic

Particle

Charge Location Mass

Proton

Neutron

Electron

(p+)

(n)

(e-)

positive

neutral

negative

nucleus

nucleus

Zip around

nucleus in

shells

1 amu

(atomic mass unit)

1 amu

_1_ amu

1837

When using the periodic table to find subatomic particle information…

A

Z

symbolAtomic mass #

Atomic #

Atomic mass # : •Is a number in decimal form•When you round it, it tells you the mass of p+ + n + e-x

Atomic # : •Tells the # of p+

•Tells the # of e-

To find the # of neutrons:Atomic mass # - atomic # = # neutrons

Atoms that aren’t typical

ISOTOPE – atom with a number of neutrons that is higher or lower than what’s indicated on the periodic table (typically radioactive)

ION – atom with a number of electrons that is higher (anion) or lower (cation) than what’s indicated on the periodic table

Examples on Subatomic Particle Worksheet:

symbol name Z p+ n A e-

Na 23

51 91

133

55

2311

sodium 11 11 1112

91zirconiumZr40 40 40 40

cesiumCs 55 55 5513378

Notes on the Periodic Table

Periodic table created by Dimitri Mendeleev

He organized it by increasing mass (doesn’t work…look at #27 and #28)and by similar properties

NOW organized by increasing atomic number and by similar properties

Organization of the Periodic Table

Rows () – periods, shells, energy levels,

electron clouds

Left of Zig Zag Line - metals, cations (positive ions)

Columns (↕) – groups, families, # of valence

electrons

Zig Zag Line – metalloids, semi-metals, semiconductorsRight of ZigZag Line – non-metals, anions (negative ions)

Families of the Periodic Table

Column 1 – Alkali MetalsColumn 2 – Alkaline Earth MetalsColumn 8 (18) – Nobel GasesColumn 7 (17) – HalogensColumn 6 (16) – Oxygen Family

* Column 5 (15) – Nitrogen Family

**Note: Only Down to Zig Zag line for Oxygen Family and Nitrogen Family!!

Families of the Periodic Table continued…

Middle of the periodic table …TRANSITION METALS

Coinage Family (Cu, Ag, Au)

Lanthanides (1st row on bottom)

Actinides (2nd row on bottom)