Notes on Chapter 1, Section 1

Living Things have 4 Characteristics. They are:

1. Organized

2. Grow and Develop

3. Respond to the environment

4. Reproduce

Chapter 1, Section 1 Notes Cont.

All organisms need:

1.Energy

2.Materials

3.Living Space

Chapter 1, Section 1 Note Cont.

Organisms made of a single cell are called

Unicellular. Organisms made up of many cells are

called Multicellular.

Chapter 1, Section 1 Notes Cont.

The microscope led to the discovery of cells.

Scientists linked with the invention of the Microscope.

Robert Hooke – He looked at cork under a microscope and came up with the name cells.

Trivia: Robert Hooke’s microscope is on display at the National Museum of Health and Medicine in Washington, DC. Picture on pg. 12 in your book.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek – Did similar work. He saw unicellular organisms and called them “animalcules”.

Important!

1. To carry the microscope, put one hand on the arm and one hand on the base.

2. If you use the coarse adjustment knob with the 40X objective, you might break the slide.

3. When using the 40X objective, you should focus with the fine adjustment knob.

Cell Theory – A history Schleiden, Schwann,

and Virchow were the 3 scientist that came up with the cell theory.

A scientific theory is a widely accepted explanation of things observed in nature.

Cell Theory All living things are composed of

cells. Cells are the basic units of

structure and function in living things.

New cells are produced from existing cells.

Question: What is the smallest unit that can perform the basic

activities of life?

The cell!

How do Cells work?

Cells contain organelles.

An organelle is a small specialized structure that has a specific function in the cell. Many, but not all, are surrounded by membranes.

WE WILL NOW DO AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE ORGANELLES OF THE CELL

Close your notebooks…

CELL ORGANELLES NOTE-TAKING SHEET

Cell Organelles

Cell Membrane –

A protective covering that encloses the entire cell, like skin.

Cytoplasm –

Gelatin-like material that fills the cell.

Animal Cell

Cell Organelles

Cell Wall – a tough outer covering, mainly found in plant cells.

Nucleus – the control center of the cell.

Ribosomes – tiny organelles that make proteins.

Plant Cell

Cell Organelles

Chloroplasts – organelle in plants that converts sunlight into sugar.

Mitochondria – organelles that get energy from food. The “Power House” of the cell.

Plant Cell

Animal Cell

Cell Organelles

Endoplasmic Reticulum – makes parts of the cell membrane.

Golgi Apparatus – makes and packages materials that the cell needs.

Cell Organelles

Vacuoles – the “storage room” of the cell. It stores water, sugar, wastes and other materials for the cell.

Plant Cell

Cell Organelles

Lysosomes – contain chemicals that break down materials and old cell parts.

Animal Cell

Cell #1 – Animal CellCell #2 – Plant Cell

A. Cytoplasm

B. Chloroplast

C. Nucleus

D. Endoplasmic Reticulum

E. Ribosomes

F. Golgi Apparatus

G. Vacuole

H. Lysosome

I. Cell Membrane

J. Mitochondria

K. Cell Wall

Grading Homework If the answer in the blank is incorrect, FIX IT

(erase and write correct answer or, if it is in pen, cross out and write correct answer above or beside it.

If the answer is blank, write the correct answer in.

Take away 1 point for every blank that is incorrect or blank (no answer).

Read through Chapter 1

1. Organization, develop, grow, respond, environment, reproduce

2. Energy, Materials, Living Space

3. Microscope

4. Robert Hooke

5. Living things, one, cells, cells, functions, life, cells, living cells

6. Eukaryotic

7. Prokaryotic

8. Unicellular

9. Multicellular

10. Plants, Protists, Animals, Fungi

Read through Chapter 111. Bacteria, Archaea

12. Organelle

13. Cell Membrane

14. Cytoplasm

15. Nucleus

16. Golgi Apparatus

17. Vacuole

18. Lysosome

19. Mitochondrion

20. Chloroplast

21. Cell Wall

22. Ribosomes

23. Endoplasmic Reticulum

Bonus 24 – triangle, circle, square (+1)

25 – special cell with specific job

26 – easier to study/look at

Grading Homework Count up the “minus-1”s. Subtract that number from 100. Write the grade at the top of the paper and

circle it. 90 – 100 A 80 – 89 B 70 – 79 C 60 – 69 D Less than 60 F

1. Control center

2. Storage Room

3. “Power House”

4. Breaks down old cell parts

5. Gelatin-like material that fills cells

6. Tiny organelles that make proteins

7. Makes sugar from sunlight

8. Makes parts of the cell membrane

9. Tough outer covering of plant cells

10. Boundary of all cells, like skin

11. Packages materials for the cell

A. Cell Membrane

B. Cytoplasm

C. Nucleus

D. Lysosomes

E. Endoplasmic Reticulum

F. Ribosomes

G. Vacuole

H. Cell Wall

I. Golgi Apparatus

J. Mitochondrion

K. Chloroplast

Practice Quiz

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

I.

J.

K.

Chapter 1, Section 3 Notes

Prokaryotic Cells – simple cells made of only a cell membrane, cytoplasm and free floating genetic material. Example: bacteria

Plants and Animals have Eukaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic Cell – DNA is separated from the rest of the cytoplasm in a nucleus. Eukaryotic cells have organelles.

Cells in multicellular organisms specialize.

All multicellular organisms begin life as a single fertilized egg cell. As cells divide, they specialize to perform specific jobs.

The more specialization there is, the more complex the organism is.

A multicellular organism is a community of cells.

Similar cells group together to form tissues. Tissues act together to form organs. Organs and tissues act together in organ

systems. And organ systems build an organism.

Cell Factory Get out a sheet of

paper. List the following

jobs you may find in a factory (from the next slide).

Compare each job to an organelle in the cell that does a similar job.

1. Shipping and Receiving

2. Factory Floor

3. CEO (Chief Executive Officer)

4. Custodians (Janitors)

5. Assembly Line

6. Assembly Line Workers

7. Warehouse

8. Support Structure

9. Packaging

10. Fuel-driven Power Plant

11. Solar Power Plant

1. Cell Membrane

2. Cytoplasm

3. Nucleus

4. Lysosomes

5. Endoplasmic Reticulum

6. Ribosomes

7. Vacuole

8. Cell Wall

9. Golgi Apparatus

10. Mitochondrion

11. Chloroplast

Cell Factory