Notes on Basic Grammar

8/4/2019 Notes on Basic Grammar

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Prepared by: Md. Al Mamun

BA (Hons.), MA (English), Khulna UniversityCell: 01921160009

E-mail: [email protected]

Sentence

What is a sentence?

Sentences are the most important aspect of any languages. Using a language, we do fourthings-listening, speaking, reading, and writing. In every case of our listening, speaking, reading,

and writing, we produce sentences.

A word or group of words having a clear meaning in a given context is called a

sentence. A sentence must have a proper order of words and a clear meaning. P.C. Das

Types of sentences:

Sentences are generally classified on the basis of two aspects:

(A) On the basis of meaning or function(B) On the basis of structure

Based on meaning and function, sentences are of five types.

1. Assertive Sentence2. Interrogative Sentence3. Imperative Sentence4. Optative Sentence5. Exclamatory SentenceThe functions of the abovementioned sentences are given in the following table:

Serial Kinds ofSentence

Example Function

1 Assertive Sourav is a good boy. Statement

2 Interrogative Does he play football? Question

3 Imperative (i) Go home at once.

(ii)Please, lend me a pen.

Command

Request

4 Optative (i)May he live long.(ii)May Allah bless you. WishPrayer

5 Exclamatory Hurrah! We have won the game. Emotion


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On the basis of structure, sentences are classified into three types:

1. Simple Sentence2. Complex Sentence3. Compound Sentence

pes of

tences

Number of

Clauses

Signs Examples

mple ONLY one

Principal

Clause

Infinite Verbs: (i)Infinitive=to+verb

(ii) Participles:(a)Present Participle=Verb+-ing

(b) Past Participle=Verb+ed

Several Phrases:

Because of, Due to, Owing to, On account ofAt the time of, During

In spite of , Despite

Too..to

1. We work hard to succeed in lif

2. He was selected because of herhonesty.

3. In spite of his being poor, he is

honest.

mplex OnePrincipal

Clause and

one or more

subordinate

clause

Though, Although, Till, Until, Before, After, Who,

Whose, Whom, What, Why, Which, Where when,

While, That, So that, So.that, How, As, Since,

If, As if, Because, Unless, for =26

1. We work hard so that we can

succeed in life.

2. He was selected because he wa

honest.3. Though he is poor, he is hones

mpound Two ormore

principal

clauses

joined by

co-ordinate

conjunctions

And, but, or, nor, yet, therefore=6 1. We work hard and we can succ

in life.

2. He was honest, therefore he waselected.

3. He is poor, but he is honest.


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Formation of sentences:

Most of the sentences have two basic part-subject and predicate.

Notes on Basic Grammar

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