Notes – Muscle Energy & Disorders. Review Epimysium (outer covering of muscle) Fascicle (bundle of...
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Transcript of Notes – Muscle Energy & Disorders. Review Epimysium (outer covering of muscle) Fascicle (bundle of...
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Notes – Muscle Energy & Disorders
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Review
Epimysium (outer covering of muscle)
Fascicle (bundle of muscle fibers)
Perimysium (covering fascicle)
Endomysium (covers each muscle fiber)
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Myofibril (bundle in each muscle cell – made of actin & myosin)
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H - zone
Z - line
sarcomere
A band
I band
Which band is the thin filament?
ACTIN
Which band is the thick filament?
MYOSIN
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What are the 8 steps of muscle contraction?
Step 1: action potential to muscleStep 2: ACETYLCHOLINE released from neuronStep 3: acetylcholine binds to muscle cell membraneStep 4: Na+ diffuse into muscle, action potential startedStep 5: Calcium ions bind to actinStep 6: myosin attaches to actin, crossbridges formedStep 7: myosin pulls on the actin causing it to slide over myosinStep 8: ATP attaches to myosin to provide energy
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Still More Interesting Muscle FactsHow many muscles does it take to produce human speech?
72 different muscles
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How many muscles make up the human tongue?
16 separate muscles – most people think its just 1
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• ENERGY REQUIREMENTS FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTION
• ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
• produced by aerobic respiration (with O2) or anaerobic respiration (without O2)
• Aerobic Respiration
• ATP used in long continuous exercise (EX: distance running)
• fat is used for the fuel to make ATP with oxygen
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• Anaerobic Respiration
• typically occurs during short periods of intense exercise
• body uses CREATINE PHOSPHATE for energy (10-15 seconds)
• body then switches to GLUCOSE for fuel
• lactic acid is produced – fatigue & oxygen debt results
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• Disorder of Muscle Tissue
• Cramps & Spasms
• an “over contraction” – can be due to electrolyte imbalance, fatigue, overuse
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• Hernia • a tear in wall of muscle – can be congenital, or from severe strain
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ABDOMINAL HERNIA
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• Muscle Tear • aka: “pulled” muscle or strained muscle – caused by overstretching of muscle during activity
• muscle fibers actually tear apart
Torn Pectoralis Major
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• Hamstring Muscle Tear
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• Hypertrophy • increase in the size of muscle fibers
EX - Governor of California
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• Atrophy • decrease in size of muscle fiber
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• Types of Movements (terminology)• Origin • where a muscle begins
• Insertion • where a muscle ends
• Action • motion produced
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• Flexion • joint angle gets smaller
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• Extension • joint angle gets larger
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• hyperextension • movement beyond 180o of joint motion
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• abduction • movement away from midline of body
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• adduction • movement toward midline of body