Notes: Mid-semester Evals Exam. 22 “Learning and Memory” Human Neuropsychology (486 / 686)...
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Transcript of Notes: Mid-semester Evals Exam. 22 “Learning and Memory” Human Neuropsychology (486 / 686)...
![Page 1: Notes: Mid-semester Evals Exam. 22 “Learning and Memory” Human Neuropsychology (486 / 686) Lecture Chapter 18.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a47e58/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Notes:
Mid-semester Evals
Exam
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22
“Learning and Memory”
Human Neuropsychology (486 / 686)
Lecture Chapter 18
.
![Page 3: Notes: Mid-semester Evals Exam. 22 “Learning and Memory” Human Neuropsychology (486 / 686) Lecture Chapter 18.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6a5503460f94a47e58/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Learning and Memory
Multiple Memory SystemsDifferent kinds of learning and memory use
independent neural processes
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Varieties of Amnesia
Retrograde Amnesia- Infantile
- Fugue
- Time – dependent
- Transient global
Anterograde Amnesia - Transient global
ECT ; Restricted damage,
alcohol and drugs
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Theories of Retrograde Amnesia
Consolidation Theory
Multiple-trace Theory
Reconsolidation Theory
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Multiple Long-Term Memory Systems
Three types of long-term memoriesExplicit Memories
“Top-down” processing
Implicit Memories“Bottom-up” processing
Emotional Memory“Bottom-up” and “Top-down” processing
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Implicit vs Explicit vs Emotional Memory
H.M. - Able to learn to complete a task, yet has no memory of ever having performed the test
J.K. - Implicit memory deficits: Forgot how to turn on lights
Preserved memory for events and new experiences
Dememtia patients: - explicit and Implicit memory deficits
- “prefer” photos of relatives
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Neural Substrates of Explicit Memory
Temporal-frontal-lobe neural basis for explicit memory
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Anatomy of the Hippocampus
Perforant pathway
Fimbria-Fornix pathway
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Hippocampal Function:Case Histories of Hippocampal Function
Progressively greater damage leads to progressively more significant retrograde amnesia
Neural Connections to the Hippocampus
Conclusions: 1. Anterograde deficits are more severe
2. Episodic memories are more affected than semantic memories
3. Patients cannot time travel to the past or future
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The Rhinal Cortex
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Hemispheric Specialization
Temporal cortex:Right Temporal - face recognition, spatial position,
and maze learning
Left Temporal - word lists, consonant trigrams, nonspatial associations, and on the Hebb Recurring-Digits test
Frontal Cortex:Left Prefrontal - Encodes semantic and
episodic information
Right Prefrontal - Retrieves episodic information
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Diffuse Damage and Explicit Memory
Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
Alzheimer’s Disease
Korsakoff’s Syndrome
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Neural Substrates of Implicit Memory
Circuit for implicit memoryNeocortex and basal ganglia
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Neural Substrates of Implicit Memory
Basal GangliaHuntington’s chorea
Motor CortexPursuit-Rotor Task
Cerebellum
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Neural Substrates of Emotional Memory
Damage to the amygdala disrupts emotional memory, but not implicit or explicit
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Neural Substrates of Short-Term Memory
Short-term memory and the Frontal LobesSeparate systems for short-term spatial memory and
short-term object memory