Introduction to ceramics What you need to know to get started…
Notes: Introduction to Ceramics
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Transcript of Notes: Introduction to Ceramics
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Notes: Introduction to Ceramics
3-D Art 1 with Mrs. Graves
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I. Vocabulary• Ceramics = A nonmetallic,
inorganic material that is exposed to extreme heat. The most common ceramic material is clay, but glass, plaster, and cement are ceramic materials, too.
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I. Vocabulary• Pottery = Ware, such as
vases, pots, bowls, or plates, shaped from moist clay and hardened by heat.
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I. Vocabulary
Pottery
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I. VocabularyClay
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I. Vocabulary• Clay
oWhat is it? Clay is the most universal material on earth. About 75% of the earth’s surface is clay or will eventually become clay…
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I. Vocabulary…Clay is used to make more than just pottery. It can be found in many common items such as bricks, roof tiles, curling irons, spark plugs, and even...
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…toothpaste!
#4
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I. VocabularyoWhere does it come from? Clay comes from a rock called feldspar.
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#5
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I. Vocabulary…It takes centuries of geological weathering (being rained on, smashed by glaciers, having plants decay on it, etc.) to turn this rock into dust.
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#6 Geological
weathering
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I. Vocabulary After lying around
in the bottom of swamps and lakes, the dust picks up water and forms clay.
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I. Vocabularyo The chemistry of clay:
Al2O3 ● 2SiO2 ● 2H2O
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I. Vocabulary Al2O3 = Alumina
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I. Vocabulary SiO2 = Silica
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I. Vocabulary H2O = Water
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II. Properties of Clay• Plastic = Plastic is defined
as a material that can be molded. Clay is able to hold its form but is also able to be molded by hand. Water is necessary to make clay plastic.
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#10Plastic
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II. Properties of Clay• Porous = Porous means clay
is full of small holes so that water can escape as the clay dries. This keeps the clay from cracking as is dries.
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#11 Porous
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II. Properties of Clay• Able to Vitrify = Vitrification
is the conversion of clay into a hard glasslike substance when it is fired at a high temperature…
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#12 Vitrify
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II. Properties of Clay…Clay will never become completely glasslike no matter how hot it is fired, but is essential that is does become hard after firing.
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III. Working with Clay• Preparing clay
o Wedging= a large piece of clay is first cut into pieces with a cutting wire, then the pieces are rearranged and slammed together to make it easier for kneading.
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#13 Wedging
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III. Working with Clayo Kneading = similar to
kneading bread. The clay is rolled over on itself and pressed down several times. After kneading, cut the clay with a wire to check that there are no air pockets or lumps.
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#14Kneading
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III. Working with Clay• Forming Greenware
o Hand building methods = pinch, coil, slab, and modeling. Clay can also be thrown on a pottery wheel.
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Pinch method
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#16Coil method
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#17Slab method
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#18Modeling
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III. Working with Clayo Score and slip = used to
join two pieces of clay together. A fork or needle tool can be used to score (or rough up) the surface and then slip (watered down clay) is applied at the joint like glue.
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#19Score
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#20Slip
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III. Working with Clayo Leather hard = when the
clay has dried enough to be tough (like leather) but still workable. Used when building large forms.
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#21Leather hard
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III. Working with Clayo Bone dry = when clay has
dried out and is ready to be fired.
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#22Bone dry
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#23Inside a kiln
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III. Working with Clay• Firing and Glazing
oBisque firing = the first firing a ceramic piece goes through. This is a low fire. After being bisque fired the ceramic piece is called bisqueware.
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III. Working with Clayo Glazing = Glaze is applied to
bisqueware. It can be applied by dipping, spraying, or brushed on. We will be using brushes to apply glaze. Glaze should be applied in 2 coats.
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#24Glaze
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III. Working with Clayo Glaze Firing = this is the
second firing a ceramic piece goes through. This is a high fire. Once the piece has cooled it is finished!
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#25-30Draw the tools in your bin!
#31Draw the wedging table in the back of the room
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Electric Potter’s Wheel
#32
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#33Kiln
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#35 Slab roller
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Upcoming Projects…
Pinch Method:
Nose Teapots
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Upcoming Projects…
Slab Method:
Artist Plates
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Upcoming Projects…
Clay Modeling: Self-Portrait
Masks
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Upcoming Projects…
Coil Method:Crazy Vases
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Upcoming Projects…
Slab Method:License Plates