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Notes SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table

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Periodic table A chart of all known chemical elements Shows all the different types of atoms

Purpose To quickly locate a wide variety of information on a

particular element

How is it organized Organized into rows called periods Organized into columns called groups Arranged in numerical order by the atomic number Also arranged other ways (metals, nonmetals, metalloids, etc)

We use a chart to organize elements called…

Currently scientists believe there are only 98 naturally occurring elements in the universe (Reference link: Chemistry WebsiteWe have also created 20 man-made elements for a total of 118

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Notes

The Periodic Table

118Uuo

Ununoctium

SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table

Notes SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table

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Periods: The rows are called periods, and there are seven of them

Per 1

Per 2

Per 3

Per 4

Per 5

Per 6

Per 7

From period 6

From period 7

Periods•The period number tells you the number of electrons shells•Elements in a period have the same number of electron shells

SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table

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Notes SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table

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The period numbers reveals how many electron shells an atom has

Example: Every element in period 2 has 2 electron shells

Per 1

Per 2

Per 3

Per 4

Per 5

Per 6

Per 7

Period 2 (Each element here has 2 electron shells)

x 5x 6

Legend=protons

=neutrons

=electrons

Period Number and Electron Shells Below is a model of one boron (Br) atom (atomic number-5) Notice that it has two electron shells

SPI 0807.9.9 (Per Table)Notes

1st Shell

2nd Shell

Since it has two shells, it is located in the second period of the periodic table

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Notes SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table

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Again…the period numbers reveals how many electron shells an atom hasExample: Every element in period 3 has 3 electron shells

Per 1

Per 2

Per 3

Per 4

Per 5

Per 6

Per 7

Period 3 (Each element here has 3 electron shells)

Legend=protons

=neutrons

=electrons

Period Number and Electron Shells Below is a model of one sodium (Na) atom (atomic number-11) Notice that it has three electron shells

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x 11x 12

3rd Shell

1st Shell

Since it has three shells, it is located in the third period of the periodic table

2nd Shell

Notes SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table

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There are 18 groupsGroups: the columns are called groups

1

2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17

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Notes SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table

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1

2

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17

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The group number (in some cases) can reveal how many electrons are in the outer most shells. Example: Every element in group 1 has only 1 valence electron

These are called the valence electrons

Notes SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table

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1

2 13 14 15 16 17

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The group number can reveal the number of valence electronsNote: However this only works for groups 1 to 2… (see below)

…and groups 13 to 18 (see below)

This "trick" does not work with groups 3 to 12

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1

2 13 14 15 16 17

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For groups 1 to 2:The group number equals the number of valence electronsExample: Every element in group two has two valence electronsFor groups 13 to 18:Subtract 10 from the group number to determine the valence electronsExample: Every element in group 13 has 3 valence electrons (13-10=3)

This "trick" does not work with groups 3 to 12

Again, columns are called groups

Notes Groups/Families

SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table

Groups are also called familiesGroup 1 is called the alkali metal family (see below)

Group 1=Alkali Metals

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Notes Groups/Families

SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table

Group 2 is called the alkali-earth metal family (see below)

Group 2=Alkali-Earth Metals

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Notes Groups/Families

SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table

Groups 3 to 12 are called the transition metals family (see below)

Groups 3 to 12=Transition Metals

Transition Metals

Transition Metals (Lanthanides)

Transition Metals (Actinides) 15

Notes Groups/Families

SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table

Group 17 is called the halogen family (see below)

Group 17=Halogens

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Notes Groups/Families

SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table

Group 18 is called the noble gas family (see below)

Group 18=Noble Gases

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