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scarsdale high school library

2011 Guide to Citing Resources

Note: This guide has been revised to reflect the latest version of MLA style.Please Refer to MLA Handbook for Writers ofResearch Papers, seventh edition(Ref 808.027 MLA) for additional citation details and examples.

The following is a brief summary of some important changes.

\ • Italics: Titles of works are now italicized, not underlined in the text and in the workscited list.

• Medium of Publication: Each entry in the works cited list must specify the medium ofpublication, such as "Print," "Web," or "DVD."

• Double space within and between each entry.

• The URL or Web address should be in angle brackets and truncated to include onlythe first and possibly the second sections.

List ofWorks Cited Within a Report orEssay

Ascholarly writer employs consistent methods ofciting sources sothat his readers will not havedifficulty tracing the sources of ideas that influenced his views. Students should list the works that wereused during the research process. Both direct citations and background reading associated with anyresearch project need tobe listed on the bibliography page ofessays orreports. The bibliographytherefore includes allinformation sources,both print andonline, that influenced thestudent's researchproject.

The list of works cited contains the following informationfor each source:• author

• title

• place of publication• publisher• copyright date• medium of publication

The following isaguide based onthe MLA (Modem Language Association) style:

PARENTHETICAL DOCUMENTATION

Parenthetical documentation is the means by which students identify the source of specific informationwithin their own writing. When required, students should cite, within parentheses, the source ofanauthor's words, fact, or ideas immediately after quoting orparaphrasing thatauthor.

Usually theauthor's lastname, or firstword inthetitle(excluding "a," "an," and"the")when an author is not cited, andpage reference is all thatis needed within the body ofthe paper.Foronline sources, thepage number may not beavailable, butwhen it is, follow the sameguidelines as_for a print citation. *"

Although some ofhiscontemporaries viewed Napoleon as a great statesman (Jones 58),others"demonized" him (Smith 48).

Thesecitations are, therefore,a shorthand form ofdocumentation after each source. Readers know to turnto thebibliography at the end of the paper to locate allof the information needed to find sources eitherinprint or online.

FORMAT FOR INDIVIDUAL BIBLIOGRAPHIC ENTRIES WITH EXAMPLES OF

CITATIONS

Print and Audiovisual Resources

Books:

Basic Format

Last name,First nameofauthor. Title ofBook. Place of Publication: Publisher,Year of

Publication. Medium of Publication.

One author:

Schomp, Virginia. Ancient India. New York: Benchmark, 2010.Print

Editor:If the person named onthe title page isthe editor, rather than the author, add a comma, then theabbreviation "ed."

Fitzgerald, Terence J., ed. Police in Society. New York: H.W. Wilson, 2000. Print

Books with more than one author:The first given name appears inlast name, first name format; subsequent author names appear infirstname last name format. If there are more than three authors, name only the first and add et al.

Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. The Alfyn andBacon Guide to Peer Tutoring. Boston:

Allyn, 2000. Print.

Two or More Works by the Same AuthorList works alphabetically by title. (Remember toignore initial articles like A,An, and The.) Providethe author's last name, firstnameformat for the firstentryonly.Foreach subsequent entry by thesame author, use three hyphens and a period.

Hosseini, Khaled. A Thousand SplendidSuns. NewYork: Riverhead. 2007. Print

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—. The Kite Runner. New York: Riverhead. 2003. Print

No author

Indian Slavery in ColonialAmerica. Lincoln: University ofNebraska Press, 2009. Print

Sources contained in larger works:Whenciting articles by different authors contained in one book, give the citation for eacharticle followed by the citation for the book. These entries include page numbers.

Last name, First name ofauthor. "Title ofEssay." Title ofCollection. Ed. Editor's

Name(s). Place ofPublication: Publisher, Year. Page range ofentry.

Medium of Publication.

Poem, or short story in an anthology:

Rilke, Rainer Maria. "Childhood Dreams." Voices:Poetry and Artfrom Aroundthe World. Ed.

Barbara Brenner. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 2000. 42-43. Print

One source in a book of critical essays:

Baum, RosalieMurphy. "Alcoholism andFamilyAbusein Maggie and The Bluest Eye." Toni

Morrison's The BluestEye. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Infobase, 2006. 3-18. Print

An excerpt of an essay appearing in one volume ofa set:

Orwell, George. "Reflections on Ghandi." Partisan Review, 6 (Winter 1949), 85- 92; excerpted in

Twentieth Century Literary Criticism, Vol. 59. Detroit: Gale Research, 1995,40-3. Print.

Encyclopedia, Reference Books, Multivolume Work:

When using onlyone volume of a multivolume work, state the numberof the volume in thebibliographic entry. When usingtwoor more volumes of a multivolume work, citethe total numberofvolumes in the work.

Monteith, MargoJ. "Prejudice." Encyclopedia ofPsychology. Volume 6. Washington, DC:

Oxford University Press, 2000. Print.

Periodical (Print):

Authors). "Title ofArticle." Title ofPeriodical. Day Month Year: pages.

Medium of publication.

Article in a magazine:

Connell,Caroline. "Dreamingof more sleep." Today's Parent. Feb 2011.12-13. Print

Newspaper:

Tierney, John. "Social Scientist Sees Bias Within." New York Times. 8 Feb. 2010: D1+. Print

Interview:

Personal Interview, conducted by the writer of the paper:

Weicker, Lowell, U.S. Senator. Personal Interview. 9 Sept. 2009.

Published Interview:

Pierleoni, Allen. Author Abraham Verghese answers questions posedbyBee readers.

McClatchy - Tribune Business News. Washington: 15June2010. Print

Image (Painting, Photograph, Sculpture) in Print Source:

Artist'sName. Title ofwork. Dateof composition. Institution that houses the work.

Publicationinformation for the source in which the photographofthe work

appeared. The pageor platenumber. Print

Goya, Francisco. The Family ofCharles IV. 1800. Museo del Prado, Madrid.

Cassatt, Mary. Mother and Child 1890. Wichita Art Museum. American Painting: 1560-1913.

ByJohnPearce. New York: McGraw Hill, 1995. Plate 22. Print

Film or Video Recording

Original Film:

It'sa Wonderful Life. Dir.FrankCapra.RKO, 1946. Film

DVD or Other Re-release (include original release date)

It's a Wonderful Life. Dir. Frank Capra, 1946. DVD Republic, 1998. DVD.

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Broadcast Television or Radio Program:

Begin with the title ofthe episode in quotation marks. Provide the name ofthe series or program in italics.Also include the network name, call letters ofthe station followed bythecity where viewed, and the dateofbroadcast End with the publication medium (e.g. Television, Radio).

"Hollywood A.D." The X-Files. Fox. WXIA, Atlanta 30 April 2000. Television.

Sound Recording (Analog):

List the appropriate medium at the end ofthe entry (e.g. CD, LP, Audiocassette).

Beethoven, Ludwig van. The 9Symphonies. Perf. NBC Symphony Orchestra. Cond.Arturo Toscanini. RCA, 2003. CD.

Whitman, Walt. Leaves ofGrass. Read by EdBegley. Caedmon, TC 1037, 1988. LP.

Electronic Resources:

MLA lists electronic sources as Web Publications. Thus, when including the medium ofpublication forelectronic sources, list the medium as Web. When the URL (Web address) is required, MLA suggests thatthe URL appear in angle brackets after the date ofaccess. Truncate URLs after slashes.

Not every Web page will provide all of the following information. However, collect as much ofthefollowing information as possible for your citations:

Author and/or editor names (if available)Article name in quotation marks (if applicable)Title ofthe Website, project, or book, in italics. (Some Print publications have Web publicationswith slightly different names.)Publisher information, including the publisher name and publishing dateTake note of any page numbers (if available)Medium (Web).Date youaccessed thematerial.URL (Web address) truncated.

An Entire Web Site:

Editor, author, or compiler name (ifavailable). Name ofSite. Name ofinstitution or

organization, sponsor or publisher (ifavailable). Date created (ifavailable). Web.

Date ofaccess. <URL>.

Diabetes Public Health Resource. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 27 Jan. 2010.

Web. 18Feb. 2011 < http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes>.

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An individual document or aWeb Page that is part ofaWeb Site:

Last name, First name ofauthor. "Title of page." Name of Web Site. Date created.

Web. Date of access. < URL>.

Bloy, Marjorie. "Victorian Legislation: aTimeline." Victorian Web. 20 Dec. 2006

Web. 16 April 2006. <http://www.victorianweb.org >.

Newspaper, Magazine or Journal Article from Online Database:

Author's name (ifknown). "Title ofarticle." Title ofperiodical Volume :The

document date: pages. Database name. Web. Date ofaccess. <URL Truncated^.

Markels, Alex. "Dont go in the water." USNews and World Report. 135.5.16 Aug.

2004 ProQuest. Web. 10 Oct 2009. <http://proquest.umi.com>

An Image (Including aPainting, Sculpture, Photograph) from an electronic source:

Provide the artist's name, the work ofart italicized, the date ofcreation, the institution and1 citywhere thework is housed, name ofthe Website in italics, the medium ofpublication, and the dateof access, truncated Internet address.

Artist's Name. Title ofwork Date of work. Institution that houses the work.

image source. Web. Date of access. < URLTruncated >

From Website:

Klee, Paul. Twittering Machine. 1922. Museum ofModem Art, New York.

MOMA: The Collection. Web. 22 May 2006. <http://www.moma.org/>

From Database:

Claude Monet. Haystacks. 1890. Art Institute ofChicago. ARTstor. Web. 22 Oct 2004.

<http://artstor.org>

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E-mail (including E-mail Interviews)

Include the author ofthe message, followed by the subject line in quotation marks. State to whomto message was sent, the date the message wassent, andthe mediumof publication.

Smith, James. "Re: Online Tutoring." Message to Ellen Frederick.

1 Dec. 2010. E-mail.

Points to Remember:

• Do not number items in the bibliography.• Present the bibliography in alphabetical order according to the author's lastnames. If thesource has

no author, alphabetize according to the firstwordof the titleexcluding "a," "an," and "the."• Include pagenumbers only whenyouusea source thatis partof a largerwork.• Use reverse indentation, i.e., indent five spaces after the first line.• If your bibhography contains twoworks bythe same author, youneednot repeat the author's name a

second time. Use3 hyphens anda period. Alphabetize according to the titles of the works.• Separate major items with a period. Endtheentry with a period.• Double-space eachentryand double spacebetween entries.

Sample Bibliography:

Bloom, Harold, ed.Stephen Crane. New York: Chelsea House, 1987. Print

"Crane, Stephen (Townley) (1871-1900)." DiscoveringAuthors. Detroit: Gale, 2003.

Discovering Collection. Web. 17Feb.2011 <http://find.galegroup.com>

Gross, Theodore L and Stanley Wertheim. Hawthorne, Melville, Crane: A Critical Bibliography.

New York: Free Press, 1971. Print

"Red Badge Home Page." American Studies atthe University of Virginia 12 January

2004. Web. 23 Nov. 2008. <http://xroads.virginiaedu>.

Red Badge ofCourage. John Huston, Dir. Warner Brothers, 1951. Warner Home Video,

2003. DVD.

Stallman, R. W. Stephen Crane: A Critical Bibliography. Ames, IA: IowaState

University Press, 1972.Print

Williams, Ames W.,andVincent Starrett. Stephen Crane: A Bibliography. New

York: Franklin, 1970. Print

FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONSULT THE FOLLOWING:

OWL: Purdue OnlineWriting Lab: MLA Formatting and StyleGuide<http://owl.enelish.purdue.edU/owl/resource/747/01/ >

MLA Handbookfor Writers ofResearch Papers, 7thedition. NewYork: The Modern Language Association ofAmerica, 2009. (REF 808.027 MLA)

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