Note Page 23

Turning Points of the Civil War

US History

Union army launched several attacks on Confederate lines, but were repeatedly driven back

Confederacy then went on offensive, broke Union lines, and forced them to flee back to DCConfed. General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson got his nickname for holding his ground

Battle of Bull Run/Manassas

DG FarragutLed his forces right past

all of the Confederate forts.

Forced everyone to Surrender Butler took over the city And declared martial

law

Battle of New Orleans

Battle of New Orleans

McClellan got within 15 miles of CSA capital Richmond

Lee attackedAnd there wasFighting for 7 DaysLee and JacksonDrove back Union forces

Seven Days Battle

Seven Days Battle

Antietam (also known as Sharpsburg MD) is the bloodiest day in Civil War history

No clear victory but stops the CSA invasion and Brit and France refuse to recognize the CSA

Confederacy Invade the North

With Northern casualties rising to staggering levels, Northerners began to push for slavery to end

Lincoln promised that if Union troops could drive CSA forces out of Union territory, then he would issue a proclamation ending slavery

Sept. 22 1862 he issued Emancipation Proclamation that freed all enslaved people in that rebelling states

Emancipation Proclamation

The tide turned in the War when the Union won pivotal battles in the West at Vicksburg and in the East at Gettysburg

After the StalemateThe Notes start Here

Why? It was part of the Union’s strategy to gain control of the Mississippi River

Vicksburg remained the last Confederate stronghold on the river and if captured, the Union could divide CSA in two

How? After two failed attempts, Union general Grant moved his troops South down the river on the opposite side and then crossed the river

Siege of Vicksburg

Once he crossed the river, he sent Benjamin Grierson out on a raid of the Miss. Countryside to distract the Confed. troops

Grants troops marched East and were forced to use Foraging (searching and raiding for food) to survive

They took the town of Jackson before heading back to Vicksburg

May 1863, Grant tried twice to take Vicksburg but failed

The only way to take the city was by SIEGE or to cut off its food and supply lines and bombard the city until its defenders gave up

On July 4, 1863 the Confed. commander surrendered

Battle of Vicksburg

After Union victory at Antietam, Lincoln grew frustrated with McClellan because he let Lee’s army slip away

He then failed to advance and capture RichmondMcClellan replaced by Ambrose BurnsideBurnside had high Union Casualties at Fredericksburg and Was replaced by Joseph Hooker

The Road to Gettysburg

Lee wanted to launch a CSA invasion into Northern territory to gain European supportJune 1863, Lee marched into PennsylvaniaTroops seized livestock, food, and clothingHooker failed to stop Lee and was replaced

by General George MeadeUnion and Confed. troops met near the

town of Gettysburg, PA on July 1, 1863

Gettysburg

On July 2 Lee attacks but the Union troops held their ground in the hills; Cemetery Ridge

On July 3 Lee orders 15,000 men under General Pickett and Hill to make a massive uphill assault; “Pickett’s Charge”

Union forces from the Ridge fired canons and guns on the chargers and inflicted 7,000 casualties in less than half an hour

Less than 5,000 Confederates made it up the ridge and those that did were overwhelmed by Union forces

Lee gathered his troops on July 4 and retreated back to Virginia; North Wins!

Gettysburg; July 1-4 1863

Pickett's Charge

General Meade had stopped the CSA invasion into Northern territory

Gettysburg became the farthest North the Confederates made it, and turned the tide of the war (at same time Vicksburg surrendered)

Two armies left behind a town in ruins and 51,000 killed and wounded

Governor of Penn. Purchased 17 acres of the battlefield to make a military cemetery

“High Water Mark of the Confederacy”

November 1863, Lincoln came to Gettysburg to dedicate part of the battlefield as a military cemetery

His Speech, Gettysburg Address, reminded listeners that the war was to uphold the belief that all men were created equal;“of the people, by the people, andFor the people”

Gettysburg Address

Gettysburg Address

Rap by Peter

DiLalla

After Vicksburg, fighting began near Chattanooga Tenn. Over a vital Railroad junction

Grant captured Chattanooga in 1863 and the Union controls RR going South to Atlanta and that cleared the way for Sherman's march to the sea

After this victory, Lincoln names Grant the general in chief of all the Union forces as Lieutenant general, a rank no one has had since Washington

Grant Secures Tennessee

Grant determined to march South while attacking Lee’s forces to make the South surrender

Battle near Fredericksburg, in the Wilderness- dense woods- fought for two days, woods caught fire and choked combatants (Grant won)

Grant continued South and attacked Confed. at Spotsylvania; 11 days fighting, often hand to hand which traumatized many (Grant won)

Savage combats, advances and retreats, and the digging of trenches with no breaks or reinforcements

Cold Harbor; Grant launched assault on Lee and lost 7,000 men compared to Lee’s 1,500

Grant vs. Lee

Grant moves through and destroys Richmond, then to Petersburg

Petersburg protected by miles of barricades 20 feet thick

Ditches in front of Confed. lines 15 ft. deep

Full-scale frontal assault would be suicidal

Grant ordered the city to be put under siege

Lee eventually retreats and surrenders at Appomattox Court House April 9, 1865

Siege of Petersburg

William Tecumseh Sherman (Union) occupied and destroyed Atlanta (burnt 1/3 of city) before marching from Atlanta to Savannah destroying 12 cities on the way

Total War= destroyed crops, rail lines, buildings, supplies etc.

Sherman wanted to make the “old and young, rich and poor, feel the hard hand of war”

Troops moved North from Savannah into SC burning and pillaging (looting) everything they found

Sherman’s March to the Sea

Lincoln is reelected and takes this as a clear sign that his voters wanted to end slavery permanently with an amendment

Jan. 31, 1865 the 13th Amendment, which banned slavery, narrowly passed the House and went to the states for ratification

Apr. 9, 1865 Lee surrendersApr. 14, 1865, Lincoln attends a play at the

Ford’s Theatre He is shot in the back of the head and killed by

John Wilkes Booth

Election of 1864

“Your name is mud!”

North victory strengthened the power of the Federal government over the States

Transformed society by ending slavery Left the South economically and socially

devastatedHow would be put the Union back together

again???

Civil War Aftermath

Note Page 23

Turning Points of the Civil War

The End