NOTAMs Translated

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    NOTAMs Translated!

    AABN Airport BeaconABV AboveACC Area Control Center (ARTCC)

    ACCUM AccumulateACFT AircraftACR Air CarrierACT ActiveADJ AdjacentADZD AdvisedAFD Airport Facility DirectoryAGL Above Ground LevelALS Approach Light SystemALT AltitudeALTM AltimeterALTN AlternateALTNLY AlternatelyALSTG Altimeter SettingAMDT AmendmentAMGR Airport ManagerAMOS Automatic Meteorological ObservingSystem

    AP AirportAPCH ApproachAP LGT Airport LightsAPP Approach ControlARFF Aircraft Rescue & Fire FightingARR Arrive, ArrivalASOS Automated Surface Observing SystemASPH AsphaltATC Air Traffic Control

    ATCSCC Air Traffic Control SystemCommand Center

    ATIS Automatic Terminal Information ServiceAUTH AuthorityAUTOB Automatic Weather Reporting SystemAVBL AvailableAWOS Automatic WeatherObserving/Reporting System

    AWY AirwayAZM AzimuthBBA FAIR Braking action fairBA NIL Braking action nil

    BA POOR Braking action poorBC Back CourseBCN BeaconBERM Snowbank/s Containing Earth/GravelBLW BelowBND BoundBRG BearingBYD BeyondCCAAS Class A AirspaceCAT Category

    MMAG MagneticMAINT Maintain, maintenanceMALS Medium Intensity Approach Light

    SystemMALSF Medium Intensity Approach LightSystem with Sequenced FlashersMALSR Medium Intensity Approach LightSystem with Runway Alignment Indicator LightsMAPT Missed Approach PointMCA Minimum Crossing AltitudeMDA Minimum Descent AltitudeMEA Minimum En Route AltitudeMED MediumMIN MinuteMIRL Medium Intensity Runway LightsMLS Microwave Landing SystemMM Middle MarkerMNM MinimumMNT Monitor/Monitoring/MonitoredMOC Minimum Obstruction ClearanceMON MondayMRA Minimum reception altitudeMSA Minimum Safe Altitude/Minimum Sector

    AltitudeMSAW Minimum Safe Altitude WarningMSG MessageMSL Mean Sea LevelMU MU MetersMUD MudMUNI Municipal

    NN NorthNA Not AuthorizedNAV NavigationNB NorthboundNDB Nondirectional Radio BeaconNE NortheastNGT NightNM Nautical Mile(s)NMR Nautical Mile RadiusNONSTD NonstandardNOPT No Procedure Turn RequiredNR Number

    NTAP Notice To Airmen PublicationNW NorthwestOOBSC ObscuredOBST ObstructionOM Outer MarkerOPR OperateOPS OperationORIG OriginalOTS Out of ServiceOVR Over

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    CBSA Class B Surface AreaCCAS Class C AirspaceCCLKWS CounterclockwiseCCSA Class C Surface AreaCD Clearance DeliveryCDAS Class D AirspaceCDSA Class D Surface AreaCEAS Class E AirspaceCESA Class E Surface Area

    CFR Code of Federal RegulationsCGAS Class G AirspaceCHG ChangeCIG CeilingCK CheckCL Center lineCLKWS ClockwiseCLR Clearance, Clear(s), Cleared ToCLSD ClosedCMB ClimbCMSND CommissionedCNL CancelCOM CommunicationsCONC ConcreteCPD CoupledCRS CourseCTC ContactCTL ControlDDALGT DaylightDCMSND DecommissionedDCT DirectDEGS DegreesDEP Depart/DepartureDEPPROC Departure ProceduresDH Decision HeightDISABLD Disabled

    DIST DistanceDLA Delay or DelayedDLT DeleteDLY DailyDME Distance Measuring EquipmentDMSTN DemonstrationDP Dew Point TemperatureDRFT Snowbank/s Caused By Wind ActionDSPLCD DisplacedEE EastEB EastboundEFAS En Route Flight Advisory Service

    ELEV ElevationENG EngineENRT En routeENTR EntireEXC ExceptFFAC Facility or FacilitiesFAF Final Approach fixFAN MKR Fan MarkerFDC Flight Data CenterFI/T Flight Inspection Temporary

    PAEW Personnel and Equipment WorkingPAPI Precision Approach Path IndicatorPAR Precision Approach RadarPARL ParallelPAT PatternPAX PassengerPCL Pilot Controlled LightingPERM Permanent/PermanentlyPJE Parachute Jumping Exercise

    PLA Practice Low ApproachPLW Plow/PlowedPN Prior Notice RequiredPPR Prior Permission RequiredPREV PreviousPRN Psuedo random noisePROC ProcedurePROP PropellerPSR Packed Snow on Runway/sPTCHY PatchyPTN Procedure TurnPVT PrivateRRAIL Runway Alignment Indicator LightsRAMOS Remote Automatic MeteorologicalObserving SystemRCAG Remote Communication Air/GroundFacilityRCL Runway CenterlineRCLL Runway Centerline Light SystemRCO Remote Communication OutletREC Receive/ReceiverRELCTD RelocatedREIL Runway End Identifier LightsREP ReportRLLS Runway Lead-in Lights SystemRMNDR Remainder

    RNAV Area NavigationRPLC ReplaceRQRD RequiredRRL Runway Remaining LightsRSR En route Surveillance RadarRSVN ReservationRT Right TurnRTE RouteRTR Remote Transmitter/ReceiverRTS Return to ServiceRUF RoughRVR Runway Visual RangeRVRM Runway Visual Range Midpoint

    RVRR Runway Visual Range RolloutRVRT Runway Visual Range TouchdownRWY RunwaySS SouthSA Sand, sandedSAT SaturdaySAWR Supplementary Aviation WeatherReporting StationSB SouthboundSDF Simplified Directional Facility

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    FM FromFREQ FrequencyFNA Final ApproachFPM Feet Per MinuteFREQ FrequencyFRH Fly Runway HeadingFRI FridayFRZN FrozenFSS Automated/Flight Service Station

    FT Foot, feetGGC Ground ControlGCA Ground Control ApproachGOVT GovernmentGP Glide PathGPS Global Positioning SystemGRVL GravelHHAA Height Above AirportHAT Height Above TouchdownHDG HeadingHEL HelicopterHELI HeliportHIRL High Intensity Runway LightsHIWAS Hazardous Inflight Weather AdvisoryServiceHLDG HoldingHOL HolidayHP Holding PatternHR HourIIAF Initial approach fixIAP Instrument Approach ProcedureINBD InboundID IdentificationIDENT Identify/Identifier/Identification

    IF Intermediate fixILS Instrument Landing SystemIM Inner MarkerIMC Instrument Meteorological ConditionsIN Inch/InchesINDEFLY IndefinitelyINFO InformationINOP InoperativeINSTR InstrumentINT IntersectionINTL InternationalINTST IntensityIR Ice On Runway/s

    KKT KnotsLL LeftLAA Local Airport AdvisoryLAT LatitudeLAWRS Limited Aviation Weather ReportingStationLB Pound/PoundsLC Local ControlLOC Local/Locally/Location

    SFL Sequence Flashing LightsSID Standard Instrument DepartureSIMUL SimultaneousSIR Packed or Compacted Snow and Ice onRunway/sSKED ScheduledSLR Slush on Runway/sSN SnowSNBNK Snowbank/s Caused by Plowing

    SNGL SingleSPD SpeedSSALF Simplified Short Approach LightingSystem with Sequenced FlashersSSALR Simplified Short Approach LightingSystem with Runway Alignment Indicator LightsSSALS Simplified Short Approach LightingSystemSSR Secondary Surveillance RadarSTA Straight-in ApproachSTAR Standard Terminal ArrivalSUN SundaySVC ServiceSW SouthwestSWEPT Swept or Broom/BroomedTT TemperatureTAA Terminal Arrival AreaTACAN Tactical Air Navigational AidTAR Terminal Area Surveillance RadarTDZ Touchdown ZoneTDZ LG Touchdown Zone LightsTEMPO TemporaryTFC TrafficTFR Temporary Flight RestrictionTGL Touch and Go LandingsTHN Thin

    THR ThresholdTHRU ThroughTHU ThursdayTIL UntilTKOF TakeoffTM Traffic ManagementTMPA Traffic Management Program AlertTRML TerminalTRNG TrainingTRSN TransitionTSNT TransientTUE TuesdayTWR Tower

    TWY TaxiwayUUFN Until Further NoticeUNAVBL UnavailableUNLGTD UnlightedUNMKD UnmarkedUNMNT UnmonitoredUNREL UnreliableUNUSBL UnusableVVASI Visual Approach Slope Indicator

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    LDA Localizer Type Directional AidLGT Light or LightingLGTD LightedLIRL Low Intensity Runway LightsLLWAS Low Level Wind Shear Alert SystemLM Compass Locator at ILS Middle MarkerLDG LandingLLZ LocalizerLO Compass Locator at ILS Outer Marker

    LONG LongitudeLRN LoranLSR Loose Snow on Runway/sLT Left Turn

    VGSI Visual Glide Slope IndicatorVIA By Way OfVICE Instead/VersusVIS VisibilityVMC Visual Meteorological ConditionsVOL VolumeVOR VHF Omni-Directional Radio RangeVORTAC VOR and TACAN (colocated)W

    W W estWB WestboundWED WednesdayWEF With Effect From or Effective FromWI WithinWIE With Immediate Effect or EffectiveImmediatelyWKDAYS Monday through FridayWKEND Saturday and SundayWND WindWPT WaypointWSR Wet Snow on Runway/sWTR Water on Runway/sWX Weather

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    METAR & TAF Weather Reports

    Weather Identifiers:

    B - BeganBC PatchesBL BlowingBR MistDR Low Drifting

    DS Dust stormDU DustDZ DrizzleE - Ended

    FC, +FC Funnel Cloud,Well-Developed

    Funnel CloudTornado or

    Waterspout

    FG FogFU SmokeFZ FreezingGR HailGS Small Hail or SnowPellets (< 1/4)

    HZ HazeIC Ice CrystalsMI ShallowPE Ice PelletsPO Well-Developed

    Dust/Sand WhirlsPR PartialPY SprayRA Rain

    SA SandSG Snow GrainsSH ShowersSN SnowSQ Squalls Moderate

    SS SandstormTS ThunderstormUP UnknownPrecipitationVA Volcanic AshVC In the Vicinity

    Modifiers: - Light + Heavy P More than M Less than B Began E Ended

    Sky Conditions:

    BKN Broken cloud layer 5/8ths to 7/8thsCB CumulonimbusCLR Sky clear at or below 12,000AGLFEW Few cloud layer 0/8ths to 2/8ths

    OVC Overcast cloud layer 8/8ths coverageSCT Scattered cloud layer 3/8ths to 4/8thsSKC Sky ClearTCU Towering Cumulus

    Other:

    A01 Automated Observation withoutprecipitation discrimination

    A02 Automated Observation with precipitationdiscrimination

    A3000 Altimeter setting 30.00AMD Amended forecastAUTO without human editingBECMG Becoming BECMG 0002 =becoming 00 to 02 ZuluCAVU Ceiling and visibility unlimitedCOR Correction

    DSNT Distant weather phenomenonFM From FM0200 = from 0200 ZuluFROPA Frontal PassageLDG LandingM Minus, below zero, less thanNO Not availableNSW No significant weatherP6SM Plus 6 Statute Miles, greater than,more thanPK WND Peak W indPRESFR/PRESRR Pressure Falling or RisingRapidly

    PROB40 Probability of 40%R04 Runway 4RMK RemarksRWY RunwayRVRNO Runway Visual Range not availableSFC VIS Surface VisibilitySLP Sea Level Pressure, add 10 to numbersgivenSLPNO Sea Level Pressure not availableSM Statute milesSPECI Special Report

    TEMPO Temporarily TEMPO 0002 =Temporarily 00 to 02 ZuluT02560179 Temperature 25.6 dew point 17.9TWR VIS Tower VisibilityV VaryingVRB VariableVRB VIS Variable VisibilityVV Vertical Visibility, indefinite ceilingWS Wind shearWSHFT - Wind shift

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    Area Forecast Weather Reports

    AAF- Army Air FieldAAL- above aerodrome levelAATM- at all timesABD aboardABNDT - abundant

    ABNML- abnormalABT- aboutABV- aboveAC- altocumulusACARS- Aircraftcommunication addressing &reporting systemACCUM - accumulateACFT- aircraftACK- acknowledgeACL- altimeter check locationACLD- above cloudsACLT- accelerate

    ACPT- acceptACR- air carrierACRBT - acrobaticACRS- acrossACSL- standing lenticularaltocumulusACT- active or activated oractivityACTG - actingACTV- activeACTVT- activateACYC- anticyclonicADA - advisory areaADDN- additionADF - automatic directionfinderADIZ- air defenseidentification zoneADJ- adjacentADQT- adequateADRNDCK- adirondackADV- adviseADVCTN- advectionADVN- advanceADVY- advisoryADVZY- advisoryAFB- Air Force Base

    AFCT- affectAFD- Airport/Facility DirectoryAFDK- after darkAFSS- Automated FlightService StationAFT- afterAFTN - afternoonAGL- above ground levelAHD- aheadAIM - Aeronautical InformationManual

    GEOREF- GeographicalreferenceGF- Ground fogGICG - Glaze icingGLFALSK- Gulf of Alaska

    GLFCAL- Gulf of CaliforniaGLFMEX - Gulf of MexicoGLFSTLAWR- Gulf of St.LawrenceGND- GroundGNDFG - Ground fogGRAD - GradientGRDL- GradualGRDLY - GraduallyGRT - GreatGRTLY- GreatlyGRTR- GreaterGRTST - Greatest

    GRTLKS - Great LakesGSTS- GustsGSTY - GustyGV- Ground visibility

    HHAZ- HazardHCVIS- High clouds visibleHDFRZ- Hard freezeHDSVLY- Hudson ValleyHDWND - Head windHGT - HeightHI- High

    HIER- HigherHIFOR - High level forecastHLF- HalfHLTP - HilltopHLSTO - HailstonesHLYR- Haze layer aloftHND- HundredHR- HourHRS- HoursHRZN- HorizonHTG - HeatingHURCN- HurricaneHUREP- Hurricane reportHV- HaveHVY- HeavyHVYR- HeavierHVYST- HeaviestHWVR- HoweverHWY - Highway

    IIA - IowaIC- IceICG- Icing

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    RLBL- ReliableREPL- ReplaceREPLD- ReplacedREPLG- ReplacingREPLS- Replaces

    REQ- RequestREQS- RequestsREQSTD- RequestedRESP- ResponseRESTR- RestrictRGD- RaggedRGLR- RegularRGN- RegionRGNS- RegionsRH- Relative HumidityRIOGD - Rio GrandeRLTV- RelativeRLTVLY- Relativily

    RMN - RemainRMND- RemainedRMNDR- RemainderRMNG- RemainingRMNS- RemainsRNFL- RainfallROT- RotateROTD- RotatedROTG- RotatingROTS- RotatesRPD- RapidRPDLY- RapidlyRPLC- ReplaceRPLCD- ReplacedRPLCG- ReplacingRPLCS- ReplacesRPRT- ReportRPRTD- ReportedRPRTG- ReportingRPRTS- ReportsRPT- RepeatRPTG- RepeatingRPTS- RepeatsRQR- RequireRQRD- RequiredRQRG- RequiringRQRS- Requires

    RS- Receiver stationRSG- RisingRSN- ReasonRSNG- ReasoningRSNS- ReasonsRSTR- RestrictRSTRD- RestrictedRSTRG - RestrictingRSTRS- RestrictsRTRN- ReturnRTRND - Returned

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    AIRMET -Airmen'sMeteorological InformationALF- aloftALG- alongALGHNY- AlleghenyALNMT- alignmentALQDS- all quadrantsALS- approach light systemALSEC- all sectors

    ALSF-1- standard 2400' high-intensity approach lightingsystem with sequencedflashers (Category Iconfiguration)ALSF-2- standard 2400' high-intensity approach lightingsystem with sequencedflashers (Category IIconfiguration)ALSTG- altimeter settingALT -altitudeALTA - AlbertaALTM - altimeterALTN - alternateALUTN- AleutianAM- ante meridiemAMS- air massAMSL -above mean sea levelANCPT - anticipateANLYS- analysisAO1- ASOS automatedobservation without recipitationdiscriminator (rain/snow)AO2- ASOS automatedobservation with precipitationdiscriminator (rain/snow)

    AOA - at or aboveAOB- at or belowAOE- airport of entryAPCH- approachAPL- airport lightsAPLCN- AppalachianAPN- ApronAPRNT - apparentAPROP- appropriateAPRX- approximateARB- Air Reserve BaseARFOR- area forecastARINC- Aeronautical Radio,

    IncorporatedARND- aroundARTC- air route traffic controlARTCC- Air Route TrafficControl CenterAS- altostratusASAP- as soon as possibleASDA - accelerate-stopdistance availableASL- above sea levelASOS- automated surface

    ICGIP- Icing in precipitationID- IdahoIL- IllinoisIMDT- ImmediateIMDTLY- ImmediatelyIMPL- ImpulseIMPLS- ImpulsesIMPT- ImportantINCL- Include

    INCLD- IncludedINCLG- IncludingINCLS- IncludesINCR- IncreaseINCRD- IncreasedINCRG- IncreasingINCRGLY - IncreasinglyINCRS- IncreasesINDC- IndicateINDCD- IndicatedINDCG- IndicatingINDCS- IndicatesINDEF- IndefiniteINFO- InformationINLD- InlandINSTBY - InstabilityINTCNTL- IntercontinentalINTL- InternationalINTMD- IntermediateINTMT- IntermittentINTMTLY - IntermittentlyINTR- InteriorINTRMTRGN - IntermountainregionINTS- IntenseINTSFCN - IntensificationINTSFY - Intensify

    INTSFYD - IntensifiedINTSFYG - IntensifyingINTSFYS - IntensifiesINTSTY - IntensityINTVL - IntervalINVRN- InversionIOVC- In overcastINVOF- In vicinity ofIP- Ice pelletsIPV- ImproveIPVG- ImprovingIR- InfraredISOL- Isolate

    ISOLD- Isolated

    JJCTN- JunctionJTSTR- Jet stream

    KKFRST- Killing frostKLYR- Smoke layer aloftKOCTY- Smoke over cityKS- Kansas

    RTRNG - ReturningRTRNS- ReturnsRUF- RoughRUFLY- RoughlyRVS- ReviseRVSD- RevisedRVSG- RevisingRVSS- RevisesRW- Rain shower

    SS- SouthSA - Surface observationSAO- Surface observationSAOS- Surface observationsSASK- SaskatchewanSATFY- SatisfactorySBND- South boundSBSD- SubsideSBSDD- SubsidedSBSDNC- SubsidenceSBSDS- Subsides

    SC- South CarolinaSCND- SecondSCNDRY- SecondarySCSL- Standing lenticularstratocumulusSCT- ScatterSCTD- ScatteredSCTR- SectorSD- South DakotaSE- SoutheastSEC- SecondSELS- Severe Local StormsUnitSELY- Southeasterly

    SEPN- SeparationSEQ- SequenceSERN- SoutheasternSEWD-SoutheastwardSFC- SurfaceSFERICS- AtmosphericsSG- Snow grainsSGFNT- SignificantSGFNTLY - SignificantlySHFT- ShiftSHFTD- ShiftedSHFTG- ShiftingSHFTS- Shifts

    SHLD- ShieldSHLW- ShallowSHRT- ShortSHRTLY- ShortlySHRTWV - ShortwaveSHRTWVS- ShortwavesSHUD- ShouldSHWR- ShowerSHWRS- ShowersSIERNEV- Sierra NevadaSIG- Signature

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    ASPH- asphaltATA -actual time of arrivalATIS- automatic terminalinformation serviceATLC - AtlanticAURBO - Aurora BorealisAUTH- authorizedAUTO - automaticAVG- average

    AVGAS- aviation gasolineAWOS - automatic weatherobserving/reporting systemAWY- airwayAZM- azimuthBACLIN- BaroclinicBAJA - Baja CaliforniaBATROP- BarotropicBC- British ColumbiaBCH- BeachBCKG- BackingBCM- BecomeBCMG- BecomingBCMS- BecomesBD- Blowing dustBDA - BermudaBDRY- BoundaryBFDK- Before darkBFR- BeforeBGN- BeginBGNG- BeginningBGNS- BeginsBHND- BehindBINOVC- Breaks in overcastBKN- BrokenBLD- BuildBLDG- Building

    BLDS- BuildsBLDUP- BuildupBLKHLS- Black HillsBLKT- BlanketBLKTG- BlanketingBLKTS- BlanketsBLO- BelowBLZD- BlizzardBN- Blowing sandBND- BoundBNDRY- BoundaryBNDRYS- BoundariesBNTH- Beneath

    BOOTHEEL- BootheelBR- BranchBRG- BranchingBRS- BranchesBRF- BriefBRK- BreakBRKG- BreakingBRKHIC- Breaks in highercloudsBRKS- BreaksBRKSHR- Berkshire

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    KT- KnotsKY- Kentucky

    LLA - LouisianaLABRDR- LabradorLAT- LatitudeLCL- LocalLCLY- Locally

    LCTD - LocatedLCTN - LocationLCTMP- Little change intemperatureLEVEL- LevelLFM - Limited Fine MeshModelLFTG - LiftingLGRNG - Long rangeLGT - LightLGTR- LighterLGWV- Long waveLI- Lifted Index

    LIS- Lifted indicesLK- LakeLKS- LakesLKLY- LikelyLLJ - Low Level JetLLWS- Low Level WindShearLLWAS- Low level wind shearalert systemLMTD- LimitedLMTG- LimitingLMTS- LimitsLN- LineLN- Lines

    LO- LowLONG- LongitudeLONGL - LongitudnalLRG- LargeLRGLY - LargelyLRGR- LargerLRGST- LargestLST- Local standard timeLTD - LimitedLTG - LightningLTGCC- Lightning cloud-to-cloudLTGCG- Lightning cloud-to-

    groundLTGCCCG - Lightning cloud-to-cloud cloud-to-groundLTGCW- Lightning cloud-to-waterLTGIC- Lightning in cloudLTL - LittleLTLCG - Little changeLTR - LaterLTST - LatestLV- Leaving

    SIGMET - Significantmeteorological informationSIMUL- SimultaneousSKC- Sky clearSKED- ScheduleSLD- SolidSLGT- SlightSLGTLY - SlightlySLO- Slow

    SLOLY- SlowlySLOR- SlowerSLP- SlopeSLPG- SlopingSLT- SleetSLY- SoutherlySM- Statute mileSMK - SmokeSML - SmallSMLR- SmallerSMRY - SummarySMS - Synchronusmeteorological satelliteSMTH- SmoothSMTHR- SmootherSMTHST - SmoothestSMTM- SometimeSMWHT- SomewhatSNBNK- Snow bankSND- SandSNFLK- Snow flakeSNGL- SingleSNOINCR- Snow increaseSNOINCRG- Snow increasingSNST- SunsetSNW- SnowSNWFL- Snowfall

    SOP- Standard operatingprocedureSP- Snow pelletsSPCLY- EspeciallySPD- SpeedSPDS- SpeedsSPENES- Satellite precipitationestimate statementSPKL- SprinkleSPKLS- SprinklesSPLNS- Southern PlainsSPRD- SpreadSPRDG- Spreading

    SPRDS- SpreadsSPRL- SpiralSQAL- SquallSQLN- Squall lineSR- SunriseSRN- SouthernSRND- SurroundSRNDD- SurroundedSRNDG- SurroundingSRNDS- SurroundsSS- Sunset

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    BRM- BarometerBS- Blowing snow

    BTWN- BetweenBYD- BeyondCC- CelsiusCA - CaliforniaCAA - Cold Air Advection

    CARIB- CaribbeanCASCDS - CascadesCAVOK - Ceiling and visibilityOKCAVU- Ceiling and visibilityunlimitedCB- CumulonimbusCBS- CumulonimbiCC- CirrocumulusCCLDS- Clear of cloudsCCLKWS- Counter-clockwiseCCSL- Standing lenticularcirrocumulus

    CDFNT- Cold frontCDFNTL- Cold frontalCFP- Cold front passageCG- Cloud-to-groundCHC- ChanceCHCS- ChancesCHG- ChangeCHGD- ChangedCHGG- ChangingCHGS- ChangesCHSPK- ChesepeakeCI- CirrusCIG- CeilingCIGS- Ceilings

    CLD- CloudCLDNS- CloudinessCLDS- CloudsCLKWS- ClockwiseCLR- ClearCLRG- ClearingCLRS- ClearsCMPLX- ComplexCNCL- CancelCNCLD- CancelledCNCLG- CancellingCNCLS- CancelsCNDN- Canadian

    CNTR- CenterCNTRD- CenteredCNTRLN- CenterlineCNTRS- CentersCNTRL- CentralCNTY- CountyCNTYS- CountiesCNVG- ConvergeCNVGG- ConvergingCNVGNC- Convergence

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    LVL- LevelLVLS- LevelsLWR - LowerLWRD - LoweredLWRG - LoweringLYR- LayerLYRD- LayeredLYRS- Layers

    MMA - MassachusettsMAN- ManitobaMAX- MaximumMB - MillibarsMCD - Mesoscale discussionMD - MarylandMDFY- ModifyMDFYD- ModifiedMDFYG- ModifyingMDL - ModelMDLS- ModelsMDT - Moderate

    MDTLY- ModeratelyME - MaineMED - MediumMEGG- MergingMESO - MesoscaleMET - MeteorologicalMETRO- MetropolitanMEX - MexicoMHKVLY - Mohawk ValleyMI - MichiganMID - MiddleMIDN- MidnightMIL - MilitaryMIN - Minimum

    MISG- MissingMLTLVL- Melting levelMN - MinnesotaMNLND- MainlandMNLY- MainlyMO - MissouriMOGR- Moderate or greaterMOV - MoveMOVD- MovedMOVG- MovingMOVMT- MovementMOVS- MovesMPH - Miles per hour

    MRGL- MarginalMRGLLY- MarginallyMRNG- MorningMRTM- MaritimeMS - MississippiMSG - MessageMSL - Mean sea levelMST - MostMSTLY- MostlyMSTR- Moisture

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    SSELY- South-southeasterlySSERN- South-southeasternSSEWD- South-southeastwardSSW- South-southwestSSWLY- South-southwesterlySSWRN- South-southwesternSSWWD- South-southwestwardST- Stratus

    STAGN- StagnationSTBL- StableSTBLTY - StabilitySTD- StandardSTDY- SteadySTFR- Stratus fractusSTFRM - StratiformSTG- StrongSTGLY - StronglySTGR- StrongerSTGST- StrongestSTLT- SatelliteSTM - StormSTMS- StormsSTN- StationSTNS- StationsSTNRY- StationarySUB- SubstituteSUBTRPCL- SubtropicalSUF- SufficientSUFLY - SufficientlySUG- SuggestSUGG- SuggestingSUGS- SuggestsSUP- SupplySUPG- SupplyingSUPR- Superior

    SUPS- SuppliesSUPSD- SupersedeSUPSDG- SupersedingSUPSDS- SupersedesSVG- ServingSVR- SevereSVRL- SeveralSW- SouthwestSWD- SouthwardSWWD - SouthwestwardSW-- Light snow showerSW+- Heavy snow showerSWLG- Swelling

    SWLY- SouthwesterlySWOMCD- SELS MesoscaleDiscussionSWRN- SouthwesternSX- Stability indexSXN- SectionSXNS- SectionsSYNOP- SynopticSYNS- SynopsisSYS- System

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    CNVTV- ConvectiveCNVTVLY- ConvectivelyCNFDC- ConfidenceCO- ColoradoCOMPAR- CompareCOMPARG- ComparingCOMPARD- ComparedCOMPARS- ComparesCOND- Conditions

    CONT- ContinueCONTD - ContinuedCONTLY - ContinuallyCONTG - ContinuingCONTRAILS- CondensationTrailsCONTS- ContinuesCONTDVD- ContinentalDivideCONUS- Continental U.S.COORD- CoordinateCOR- CorrectionCPBL- CapableCRC- CircleCRCLC- CirculateCRCLN- CirculationCRNR- CornerCRNRS- CornersCRS- CourseCS- CirrostratusCSDR- ConsiderCSDRBL- ConsiderableCST- CoastCSTL- CoastalCT- ConnecticutCTGY - CategoryCTSKLS- Catskills

    CU- CumulusCUFRA - Cumulus FractusCVR- CoverCVRD- CoveredCVRG- CoveringCVRS- CoversCYC- CyclonicCYCLGN- CyclogenesisDDABRK - DaybreakDALGT- Day lightDBL- DoubleDC- District of Columbia

    DCR- DecreaseDCRD- DecreasedDCRG- DecreasingDCRGLY- DecreasinglyDCRS- DecreasesDE- DelawareDEG- DegreeDEGS- DegreesDELMARVA - Delaware-Maryland-VirginiaDFCLT- Difficult

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    MTN - MountainMTNS- MountainsMULT- MultipleMULTILVL - Multi-levelMXD - Mixed

    NN- NorthNAB- Not above

    NAT- North AtlanticNATL- NationalNAV- NavigationNB- New BrunswickNBND- NorthboundNBRHD- NeighborhoodNC- North CarolinaNCWX- No change inweatherND- North DakotaNE- NortheastNEB- NebraskaNEC- Necessary

    NEG- NegativeNEGLY- NegativelyNELY- NortheasterlyNERN- NortheasternNEWD- NortheastwardNEW ENG- New EnglandNFLD- NewfoundlandNGM - Nested Grid ModelNGT - NightNH- New HampshireNIL- NoneNJ- New JerseyNL- No layersNLT- Not later than

    NLY- NortherlyNM - New MexicoNMBR- NumberNMBRS- NumbersNMC - National MeteorologicalCenterNML - NormalNMRS- NumerousNNE- North-northeastNNELY - North-northeasterlyNNERN - North-northeasternNNEWD- North-northeastward

    NNW- North-northwestNNWLY - North-northwesterlyNNWRN - North-northwesternNNWWD- North-northwestwardNNNN- End of messageNOAA - National Oceanic and

    Atmospheric AdministrationNOPAC- Northern PacificNPRS- NonpersistentNR- Near

    TT- ThunderTCNTL- TranscontinentalTCU- Towering cumulusTDA - TodayTEMP- TemperatureTHD- ThunderheadTHDR- ThunderTHK- Thick

    THKNG - ThickeningTHKNS- ThicknessTHKR- ThickerTHKST- ThickestTHN- ThinTHNG - ThinningTHNR- ThinnerTHNST- ThinnestTHR- ThresholdTHRFTR - ThereafterTHRU- ThroughTHRUT - ThroughoutTHSD- ThousandTHTN- ThreatenTHTND- ThreatenedTHTNG- ThreateningTHTNS- ThreatensTIL - UntilTMPRY- TemporaryTMPRYLY- TemporarillyTMW - TomorrowTN- TennesseeTNDCY - TendencyTNDCYS - TendenciesTNGT- TonightTNTV- TentativeTNTVLY - Tentatively

    TOPS- TopsTOVC- Top of overcastTPG- ToppingTRBL- TroubleTRIB - TributaryTRKG - TrackingTRML-TerminalTRMT- TerminateTRMTD- TerminatedTRMTG- TerminatingTRMTS- TerminatesTRNSP- TransportTRNSPG- Transporting

    TROF- TroughTROFS- TroughsTROP- TropopauseTRPCD- Tropical continentalTRPCL- TropicalTRRN- TerrainTRSN- TransitionTRW - ThunderstormTRW+- Thunderstorm withheavy rain showerTSFR- Transfer

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    DFNT- DefiniteDFNTLY - DefinitelyDFRS- DiffersDFUS- DiffuseDGNL- DiagonalDGNLLY- DiagonallyDIGG- Digging DIR - DirectionDISC- DiscontinueDISCD- Discontinued

    DISCG- DiscontinuingDISRE- DisregardDISRED- DisregardedDISREG- DisregardingDKTS- DakotasDLA - DelayDLAD- DelayedDLT- DeleteDLTD- DeletedDLTG- DeletingDLY- DailyDMG - DamageDMGD- DamagedDMGG- DamagingDMNT- DominantDMSH - DiminishDMSHD - DiminishedDMSHG - DiminishingDMSHS- DiminishesDNDFTS- DowndraftsDNS- DenseDNSLP- DownslopeDNSTRM - DownstreamDNWND- Down windDP- DeepDPND- DeepenedDPNS- Deepens

    DPR- DeeperDPNG- DeepeningDPTH- DepthDRFT- DriftDRFTD- DriftedDRFTG- DriftingDRFTS- DriftsDRZL- DrizzleDSCNT- DescentDSIPT- DissipateDSIPTD- DissipatedDSIPTG- DissipatingDSIPTN- Dissipation

    DSIPTS- DissipatesDSND- DescendDSNDG- DescendingDSNDS- DescendsDSNT- DistantDSTBLZ- DestabilizeDSTBLZD- DestabilizedDSTBLZG- DestablizingDSTBLZS- DestablizesDSTBLZN- DestablizationDSTC- Distance

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    NRLY- NearlyNRN- NorthernNRW- NarrowNS- Nova ScotiaNTFY - NotifyNTFYD- NotifiedNV- NevadaNVA - Negative vorticityadvection

    NW- NorthwestNWD - NorthwardNWLY - NorthwesterlyNWRN - NorthwesternNWS- National WeatherServiceNY- New YorkNXT- Next

    OOAT- Outside AirTemperature OBND -Outbound

    OBS- ObservationOBSC- ObscureOBSCD- ObscuredOBSCG- ObscuringOCFNT - Occluded frontOCLD- OccludeOCLDS- OccludesOCLDD- OccludedOCLDG - OccludingOCLN- OcclusionOCNL- OccasionalOCNLY - OccasionallyOCR- OccurOCRD- Occurred

    OCRG- OccurringOCRS- OccursOFC- OfficeOFP- Occluded frontalpassageOFSHR- OffshoreOH- OhioOK- OklahomaOMTNS- Over mountainsONSHR- On shoreOR- OregonORGPHC- OrographicORIG - Original

    OSV- Ocean station vesselOTLK- OutlookOTP - On topOTR - OtherOTRW- OtherwiseOUTFLO - OutflowOVC- OvercastOVNGT - OvernightOVR- OverOVRN- OverrunOVRNG- Overrunning

    TSFRG- TransferingTSFRS- TransfersTSHWR- ThundershowerTSHWRS - ThundershowersTSNT- TransientTSQLS- ThundersquallsTSTM - ThunderstormTSTMS - ThunderstormsTS- Thunderstorm with snow

    TS+- Thunderstorm with heavysnowTSW - Thunderstorm with snowshowersTSW+- Thunderstorm withheavy snow showersTURBC- TurbulenceTURBT - TurbulentTWD - TowardTWDS- TowardsTWI - TwilightTWRG- ToweringTX- Texas

    UUDDF- Up and down draftsUN- UnableUNAVBL - UnavailableUNEC- UnnecessaryUNKN- UnknownUNL - UnlimitedUNRELBL- UnreliableUNRSTD- UnrestrictedUNSATFY - UnsatisfactoryUNSBL- UnseasonableUNSTBL- UnstableUNSTDY- Unsteady

    UNSTL- UnsettleUNSTLD- UnsettledUNUSBL- UnusableUPDFTS- UpdraftsUPR- UpperUPSLP- UpslopeUPSTRM - UpstreamURG- UrgentUSBL- UsableUT- UtahUVV- Upward vertical velocityUVVS- Upward verticalvelocities

    UWNDS- Upper winds

    VVA - VirginiaVARN- VariationVCNTY- VicinityVCOT- VFR conditions on topVCTR- VectorVDUC- VAS Data UtilizationCenter (NSSFC)VFY- Verify

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    DTRTD- DeterioratedDTRTG- DeterioratingDTRTS- DeterioratesDURG- DuringDURN- DurationDVLP- DevelopDVLPD- DevelopedDVLPG- DevelopingDVLPMT - Development

    DVLPS- DevelopsDVRG- DivergeDVRGG- DivergingDVRGNC- DivergenceDVRGS- DivergesDVV- Downward verticalvelocityDWNDFTS - DowndraftsDWPNT- DewpointDWPNTS- DewpointsDX- DuplexE

    E - EastEBND- East boundEFCT- EffectELNGT- ElongateELNGTD- ElongatedELSW- ElsewhereEMBDD - EmbeddedEMERG- EmergencyENCTR- EncounterENDG- EndingENE- East-northeastENELY- East-northeasterlyENERN - East-northeasternENEWD- East-northeastward

    ENHNC- EnhanceENHNCD- EnhancedENHNCG- EnhancingENHNCS- EnhancesENHNCMNT - EnhancementENTR- EntireERN- EasternERY- EarlyERYR- EarlierESE- East-southeastESELY- East-southeasterlyESERN- East-southeasternESEWD- East-southeastward

    ESNTL- EssentialESTAB - EstablishESTS- EstimatesETA - Eta modelETC- Et ceteraETIM - Elapsed timeEVE- EveningEWD- EastwardEXCLV- ExclusiveEXCLVLY- Exclusively

    -

    OVTK - OvertakeOVTKG - OvertakingOVTKS - Overtakes

    PPA - PennsylvaniaPAC- PacificPBL- Planetary boundarylayer

    PCPN- PrecipitationPD- PeriodPDS- PeriodsPDMT- PredominantPEN- PeninsulaPERM- PermanentPGTSND- Puget SoundPHYS- PhysicalPIBAL- Pilot balloonobservationPIBALS- Pilot balloon reportsPIREP- Pilot weather reportPIREPS- Pilot weather

    reportsPLNS- PlainsPLS- PleasePLTO - PlateauPM- Post meridianPNHDL- PanhandlePOS- PositivePOSLY- PositivelyPPINE- PPI no echoesPPSN- Present positionPRBL- ProbablePRBLY- ProbablyPRBLTY - ProbabilityPRECD- Precede

    PRECDD- PrecededPRECDG- PrecedingPRECDS- PrecedesPRES- PressurePRESFR- Pressure fallingrapidlyPRESRR- Pressure risingrapidlyPRIM - PrimaryPRIN- PrincipalPRIND- Present indicationsarePRJMP - Pressure jump

    PROC- ProcedurePROD- ProducePRODG- ProducingPROG- ForecastPROGD- ForecastedPROGS- ForecastsPRSNT- PresentPRSNTLY- PresentlyPRST- PersistPRSTS- Persists

    -

    VFYD- VerifiedVFYG- VerifyingVFYS- VerifiesVLCTY- VelocityVLCTYS- VelocitiesVLNT- ViolentVLNTLY- ViolentlyVLY- ValleyVLYS- Valleys

    VMC - Visual meteorologicalconditionsVOL- VolumeVORT- VorticityVR- VeerVRG- VeeringVRBL- VariableVRISL- Vancouver Island, BCVRS- VeersVRT MOTN- Vertical MotionVRY- VeryVSB- VisibleVSBY- VisibilityVSBYDR- Visibility decreasingrapidlyVSBYIR- Visibility increasingrapidlyVT- VermontVV- Vertical velocity

    WW- WestWA - WashingtonWAA - Warm Air AdvectionWBND- West boundWDLY - WidelyWDSPRD- Widespread

    WEA - WeatherWFO - Weather ForecastOfficeWFOS - Weather ForecastOfficesWFP- Warm front passageWI - WisconsinWIBIS- Will be issuedWINT - WinterWK- WeakWKDAY- WeekdayWKEND- WeekendWKNG - Weakening

    WKNS- WeakensWKR- WeakerWKST- WeakestWKN- WeakenWL- WillWLY - WesterlyWND- WindWNDS- WindsWNW - West-northwestWNWLY- West-northwesterly

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    EXPC- ExpectEXPCD- ExpectedEXPCG- ExpectingEXTD- ExtendEXTDD- ExtendedEXTDG- ExtendingEXTDS- ExtendsEXTN- ExtensionEXTRAP - Extrapolate

    EXTRAPD- ExtrapolatedEXTRM- ExtremeEXTRMLY - ExtremelyEXTSV- Extensive

    FF- FarenheitFA - Aviation area forecastFAH- FarenheitFAM- FamiliarFCST- ForecastFCSTD- ForecastedFCSTG- Forecasting

    FCSTR- ForecasterFCSTS- ForecastsFIG- FigureFILG- FillingFIRAV- First availableFL- FloridaFLG- FallingFLRY- FlurryFLRYS- FlurriesFLT- FlightFLW- FollowFLWG- FollowingFM- FromFMT - Format

    FNCTN- FunctionFNT- FrontFNTL- FrontalFNTS- FrontsFNTGNS- FrontogenesisFNTLYS - FrontolysisFORNN- ForenoonFPM- Feet per minuteFQT- FrequentFQTLY - FrequentlyFRM- FormFRMG- Forming

    FRMN- FormationFROPA - Frontal passageFROSFC- Frontal surfaceFRST- FrostFRWF- Forecast wind factorFRZ- FreezeFRZN- FrozenFRZG- FreezingFT- FeetFT- Terminal forecast

    -

    PRSTNT- PersistentPRVD- ProvidePRVDD- ProvidedPRVDG- ProvidingPRVDS- ProvidesPS- PlusPSBL- PossiblePSBLY- PossiblyPSBLTY- Possiblity

    PSG- PassagePSN- PositionPSND- PositionedPTCHY - PatchyPTLY - PartlyPTNL- PotentialPTNLY - PotentiallyPTNS- PortionsPUGET- Puget SoundPVA - Positive vorticityadvectionPVL- PrevailPVLD- PrevailedPVLG- PrevailingPVLS- PrevailsPVLT- PrevalentPWR- Power

    QQN- QuestionQPFERD- NMC excessiverainfall discussionQPFHSD- NMC heavy snowdiscussionQPFSPD- NMC specialprecipitation discussionQSTNRY - Quasistationary

    QUAD - QuadrantQUE- Quebec

    RR- RainRADAT- Radiosondeobservation dataRAOB - RadiosondeobservationRAOBS- RadiosondeobservationsRCH- Reach

    RCHD- ReachedRCHG- ReachingRCHS- ReachesRCKY- RockyRCKYS- RockiesRCMD- RecommendRCMDD- RecommendedRCMDG- RecommendingRCMDS- RecommendsRCRD- Record

    -

    WNWWD- West-northwestwardWO- WithoutWPLTO- Western PlateauWRM - WarmWRMG- WarmingWRN- WesternWRMR- WarmerWRMST- Warmest

    WRMFNT- Warm frontWRMFNTL- Warm FrontalWRNG - WarningWRNGS - WarningsWRS- WorseWSHFT- Wind shiftWSHFTS - Wind ShiftsWSFO- Weather ServiceForecast OfficeWSFOS- Weather ServiceForecast OfficesWSO- Weather Service OfficeWSOS- Weather ServiceOfficesWSTCH- Wasatch RangeWSW- West-southwestWSWLY - West-southwesterlyWSWRN - West-southwesternWSWWD- West-southwestwardWTR - WaterWTRS- WatersWTSPT - WaterspoutWTSPTS - WaterspoutsWUD- WouldWV- West VirginiaWVS- Waves

    WW - Severe Weather WatchWWAMKC- Status ReportWWD - WestwardWWS - Severe WeatherWatchesWX- WeatherWY- Wyoming

    XXCP- ExceptXPC- ExpectXPCD- ExpectedXPCG- Expecting

    XPCS- ExpectsXPLOS- ExplosiveXTND- ExtendXTNDD- ExtendedXTNDG- ExtendingXTRM - ExtremeXTRMLY- Extremely

    YYDA - Yesterday

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    FVRBL- FavorableFWD- ForwardFYI- For your information

    GG- GustGA - GeorgiaGEN- GeneralGENLY- Generally

    GEO- Geographic

    RCV- ReceiveRCVD- ReceivedRCVG- ReceivingRCVS- ReceivesRDC- ReduceRDGG- RidgingRDR- RadarRDVLP- RedevelopRDVLPG- Redeveloping

    RDVLPMT - RedevelopmentRE- RegardRECON- ReconnaissanceREF- ReferenceRES- ReserveRGL- Regional ModelRGT - RightRHINO- RHI not operativeRI- Rhode Island

    YLSTN - Yellowstone

    ZZL- Freezing drizzleZN- ZoneZNS- ZonesZR- Freezing rain

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    Abbreviations Used in Aviation

    ABV - aboveAC - Advisory CircularACFT - AircraftAD - Airworthiness DirectiveADI - attitude direction indicatorADF - automatic direction finderADIZ - air defense identification zone

    A/FD - Airport/Facility DirectoryAFM - Airplane Flight ManualAFSS - Automated Flight Service StationAGI - Advanced Ground InstructorAGL - above ground levelAIM - Aeronautical Information ManualAIRMET - Airman's Meteorological InfoALS - approach light systemALSF-1 - standard 2400' high-intensityapproach lighting system with sequencedflashers (Category I configuration)

    ALSF-2 - standard 2400' high-intensityapproach lighting system with sequenced

    flashers (Category II configuration)AME - aviation medical examinerAMEL/S - airplane multi-engine land/seaAOA - angle of attackAOE - airport of entryA&P - Airframe & PowerplantAPCH - approachAPU - auxiliary power unitARTC - air route traffic controlARTCC - Air Route Traffic Control CenterASL - above sea level (Canada)ASOS - Automated Surface ObservingSystem

    ASR - airport surveillance radarASRS - Aviation Safety Reporting SystemA/T - auto throttleATA - actual time of arrivalATC - air traffic controlATE - actual time enrouteATIS - Automatic Terminal Info ServiceATP - Airline Transport PilotAWOS - Automatic Weather ObservingSystemBFR - Biennial Flight ReviewBHP - Brake HorsepowerC - CelciusCAS - calibrated airspeedCAT II - Category IICAVU - Ceiling and visibility unlimitedCDI - Course Deviation IndicatorCFI - Certificated Flight InstructorCFIT - controlled flight into terrainCFR - Code of Federal RegulationsCG - center of gravityCHT - cylinder head temperatureCO - carbon monoxide CO2 carbon dioxideCONSOL or CONSOLAN - a low or medium

    MFD - multi-function displayMEI - multi engine instructorMEL - minimum equipment list (91.213)METAR - meteorological aerodrome reportMH - magnetic headingMHZ - megahertzMIRL - medium intensity runway lights

    MM - ILS middle markerMOA - military operations areaMOCA - minimum obstruction clearance altitudeMP - manifold pressureMPH - miles per hourMRA - minimum reception altitudeMSA - minimum safe altitudeMSL - mean sea levelMTR - military training route (see IR, VR)MVA - minimum vectoring altitudeNA - not authorizedNACO - National Aeronautical Charting Office(FAA)

    NAVAID - navigational aid, NDB, VOR, etcNDB(ADF) - nondirectional beacon (automaticdirection finder)NDH - no damage historyNCFT - non federal control towerNM - nautical mileNOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric

    AdministrationNOPT - no procedure turn required or authorizedNORDO - no radioNOTAM - notice to airmanNPRM - notice of proposed rulemakingNTSB - National Transportation Safety Board

    NWS - National Weather ServiceOAT - outside air temperatureOBS - omni-bearing selectorOEI - one engine inoperativeOM - ILS outer markerOROCA - off route obstruction clearance altitudeOTS - out of servicePAR - precision approach radarPCL - pilot controlled lightingPF - pilot flyingPFD - primary flight displayPIC - pilot in commandPIREP - Pilot weather reportPM - pilot monitoringPNF - pilot not flyingPOH - pilot's operating handbookPSI - pounds per square inchPT - procedure turnPTS - practical test standardsRAIL - runway alignment indicator light systemRAIM - receiver autonomous integrity monitoring(GPS)RB - relative bearingRBN - radio beacon

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    CONUS - Continental U.S.COP - change over pointCRM - crew resource managementCTAF - common traffic advisory frequencyCVR - cockpit voice recorderCWA - center weather advisoryDA - density altitudeDALR - dry adiabatic lapse rateDF/Steer - direction finding/steering

    DG - directional gyro, heading indicatorDH - decision heightDME - distance measuring equipmentcompatible with TACANDOT - Department of TransportationDUAT(S) - Direct User Access Terminal(System)DVFR - defense VFREAS - equivalent airspeedEFAS - enroute flight advisory serviceEFIS - electronic flight instrument systemEFC - expect further clearanceEGT - exhaust gas temperatureELT - emergency locator transmitterETA - estimated time of arrivalETE - estimated time enrouteF - FarenheitFA - area forecast reportFAA - Federal Aviation AdministrationFAF - final approach fixFAR - Federal Aviation RegulationFBO - fixed base operatorFCC - Federal CommunicationsCommissionFD - winds aloft reportFDC - Flight Data Center (FAA)FDR - flight data recorder

    FE - flight engineerFL - flight levelFM - fan markerFMS - flight management systemFO - first officerFOD - foreign object debrisFPM - feet per minuteFSDO - Flight Standards District Office(FAA)FSS - flight service stationFYI - For your informationG - gravitational forceGA - general aviation

    GMT - Greenwich Mean TimeGP - glide path/ GS slopeGPH - gallons per hourGPS - global positioning systemGPU - ground power unitGPWS - ground proximity warning systemHAA - height above airportHAT - height above thresholdHF - high frequencyHIRL - high-intensity runway light systemHIWAS - Hazardous In-Flight Weather

    RCLS - runway centerline light systemRCO - remote communications outletREIL - runway end identification lightsRMK - remarkRMI - radio magnetic indicatorRNP - required navigational performanceRPM - rotations per minuteRR - low or medium frequency radio range stationRV - radar vector

    RVR - runway visual range as measured in thetouchdown zone areaRVSM - reduced vertical separation minimumSALR - saturated adiabatic lapse rateSALS - short approach light systemSALSF - SALS with sequenced flashing lightsSAR - search and rescueSDF - simplified directional facilitySIC - second in commandSIGMET - significant meteorological informationSLP - sea level pressureSM - statute mileSMOH - since major overhaulSODA - statement of demonstrated abilitySOP - Standard operating procedureSPOH - since prop overhaulSSALS - simplified short approach light system.SSALSR - simplified short approach light systemwith runway alignment indicator lightsSTAR - standard terminal arrival routeSTOL - short take off & landingSUA - special use airspaceSVFR - special VFRTACAN - tactical air navigational aid, a UHFmilitary nav aidTAF - terminal aerodrome forecastTAS - true airspeed

    TBO - time between overhaulTC - true courseTCAS - traffic alert & collision avoidance systemTCH - threshold crossing heightTDZE - touchdown zone elevationTDZL - touchdown zone lightsTFR - temporary flight restrictionTH - true headingTPA - traffic pattern altitudeTRACON - terminal radar approach controlTRSA - terminal radar service areaTSO - technical standard orderTTSN - total time since new

    TVOR - terminal VHF omnirange stationTX - transmit or transponderUHF - ultra-high frequencyUTC - universal coordinated timeV SpeedsVASI - visual approach slope indicatorVDP - visual descent pointVFR - visual flight rulesVHF - very high frequencyVMC - Visual meteorological conditionsVNAV - vertical navigation

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    HP - horsepowerHSI - horizontal situation indicatorHUD - heads-up displayIAF - initial approach fixIAP - instrument approach procedureIAS - indicated airspeedICAO - International Civil AviationOrganization.IFR - instrument flight rules

    IGI - Instrument Ground InstructorILS - instrument landing systemIM - ILS inner markerIMC - instrument meterological conditionsINOP - inoperativeINS - intertial navigation systemINT - intersectionISA - International Standard AtmosphereIR - military training route - instrumentKIAS - Knots, Indicated AirspeedKHZ - kilohertzLAA - local airport advisoryLAAS - local area augmentation system(GPS)LAHSO - land & hold short operationsLAT - latitudeLBS - poundsLDA - localizer-type directional aidLF - low frequencyLFR - low-frequency radio rangeLLWS - low level wind shearLLWAS - low level windshear alert systemLLZ - localizerLMM - compass locator at middle markerLNAV - lateral navigationLOC - localizerLOM - compass locator at outer marker

    LONG - longitudeLOP - line of positionLORAN - long range radio aid to navigationM - mach numberMAA - maximum authorized IFR altitude.MALS - medium intensity approach lightsystem.MALSR - medium intensity approach lightsystem with runway alignment indicatorlightsMAP - missed approach pointMB - magnetic bearingMCA - minimum crossing altitude

    MDA - minimum descent altitudeMEA - minimum en route IFR altitude

    VORTAC - co-located VOR and TACANVR - military training route - VFRVSI - vertical speed indicatorVV - vertical visibilityWA - airmetWAAS - wide area augmentation system (GPS)WAC - world aeronautical chartWH - hurricane advisoryWPT - waypoint

    WS - sigmetWST - convective sigmetWW - Severe Weather WatchZ - zulu time

    Colors:

    A - AmberBe - BeigeBk - BlackB - BlueBr - BrownGd - Gold

    Gy - GrayG - GreenO - OrangeP - PurpleR - RedS - SilverT - TanV - VioletW - WhiteY - Yellow

    Definition

    "Shall" is used in an imperative sense; "May" is used in a permissive sense to

    state authority or permission to do the actprescribed, and the words

    "no person may * * *" or "a person may not* * *" mean that no person is required,authorized, or permitted to do the actprescribed

    "Includes" - "includes but is not limited to"