not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic...
Transcript of not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic...
![Page 1: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ls a r t 3 not mo&usw$ 2crg w oct-@rX13+ th
of ehkas LlrqI;afd sry@hXum e. l%Hmma@~
![Page 2: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
PIG. 1 : Preferred orientation of neighbouriry5 d lpo les in the end-on and br oadaide-on p o s i t i om. Y B ~ B P E ~ Because of the anisotropic shape of tho molecules, s i t u a t i o n I fs mch more important than XI in %he nena.t;ic sen;icture and there results a net ant ipara l le l correlation betwaen mighbouring d ipo les .
![Page 4: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic d iag ram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat d i ~ t a n c e dong the textiire axis of 1.4 tines thc molecular length (proposed by Leadbetter et iil, 1975).
![Page 6: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
( all) ,m [a + 5 AP <P~) 12 h E,, 9
utr- h Q w(2E + 1) is tib oJI i ry factor. 3 1 ;/(%a$)
&a ;pt~mSiaaa S f a d daatux, rx %b ~~~ pdh~;t.&&U%y,
f - 4 S P w - 21k~.pa9(28 + I ) , P tltLe ihaw~t;y, 14 t h amla-
tzu3ax!
Wsr &aaWwY @;9" f i b p ~ X w & m U % y at u pafea+%y.
![Page 10: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
hi p~ sin t)$ OOR pi -..
But
jubetitutily. Zos <vZ) (q ) fial aywr*i- (13)
i n the oquatlcau (14). *a cjet E, , a d atL
![Page 12: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
2 +&- <"-aA Bind coo a m ~ ~ > j 3
. (45)
of both zwaa%f tl -4 i ~ @ % x o p & ~ -m are d ~ d a t a 4 by
![Page 13: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
coo eij]) oi both nam-o and &&mo,p&a pww
ara p&ta%1S& as nuMw"Leu; 2/'%, irr I I w m # 3. "P 1-
xmge ordar g w m t s r r r < ~ ~ ( @ o a 01) ( ~ ~ ( ~ 0 8 GI)
m d Q) f&elBh l i m i t ) , O b qtaauf i;t haat at a@mIm't
M man table I, the rntto [%= - E)/%gI d ~ r ~ w w a 4~ d ~ ~ ~ c n w i a ~ i * So BAZIA~AE kt
![Page 14: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
PIG.4: Long r&ge order parameter ( p a ) as func t ioc of T / T ~ ~ 0- 0s- 2.
![Page 17: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
FIG.5: Long range o r d e r pararrieter (P4) as f u n c t i o n of T / T ~ ~ -j& dttferenk V ~ W A of Z.
![Page 18: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
a- FI6.6: Specific heat at constant volume Cv ae~fmction of T&=
#u d;ffenn\ udw a- Z.
![Page 19: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Z P ~ ~ E O tha B~X&%Q hat Q, (Llm 6 ) at
oam+snt at &l t ~ ~ e a a * ~ anQ ACv - ths jump
in 01 a* &I * @#a I kkw-m i z l a
QCP (atBia~1fiBIBb Uat) t~ Ir5.# b* WqX) M VrzZ- PIU:
le m 3. i aim%Lar ed 1 ~ 0 ~ ~ B U f.asX% *or ~ x w ~ = & ~ u B
i3b232w tag ?he oya%m of? a r ~ u X m ? s-m.
![Page 20: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
'TG. 7: Theure t i ca l valuea of dielectric canatants as functi oars
' of UTIJI*
![Page 21: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
FIG.8: Xxperimenta values of dielectric c o n s f a t s for 4-&nobenoonitrile ( ~ a ~ r o d u c e d frm Schadt , 1972). c,, and E, refer to the values along and perpendicular to the opt ic axis of the ncnatlc mediun and is
t h e i s o t r o p i c value.
![Page 22: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
& S ck-a~wm~g o f %M %h~ss3sy i s *aC
asan di*IE~de~trio ~ o a ~ t P n t ii ~ h o u l d incrws by a ierr
pw a m t tsln 6- fsoo .l;lha o -60 *a: S I E I ~ ~ i o phauso
l34m-a *hs di.Lrrptim in ( P $ ( M ~ eij)> (" .hGLa
&as), 3). %Ma i a 2.ournd Bo ba %QC Q W ~ exparr-ntw
i n s strooq&;g posi.t;fva &atarA&.ls (acts flgurtt 8)
~ s m 9id a2, tm, 9m). VQW W-W
lqpr al $ f a ~ m ~ BfttSUeO'&i4&iB & ?a
![Page 23: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
FIG.9: Variation of mean die lec t r ic conrstznt of the
nematic and the i a otropic phaoes as function of (T - TNI).
![Page 24: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Sd far ask Mag 4ka ~ W ~ F S tb& they ksam a
P,(oos Bj) @pa of Oorn in tho Xcmg potantimrf. V(5).
Wag upon thr &&@a cri J1, ths qptsts crpn a&&bA% oftha?
J f ) pheacrs. mqy horn iouad that ( J ~ / J ~ ) ~ 00.3, the w i t h
-ti@ phaer ,< .4 CX mar t o e ayu ton w i f h nop
![Page 26: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: not w of LlrqI;afddspace.rri.res.in/bitstream/2289/3787/13/Chapter 3.pdf · FIG. 2 : 2%he=tic diagram 02 antiparallel local lstructure in 5CB (and 7CBf resulting in a repeat di~tance](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011812/5e28ac43f2feca188d0d3281/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)