CHAPTER 15: EXPLORATION AND TRADE, SECTION 1: EUROPE LOOKS OUTWARD

NOrThWinD791World HistoryPeriod 5

A. GROWING INTEREST IN THE EAST Main Idea : European interest in the East increased after

travelers reached China in the thirteenth century.

A. GROWING INTEREST IN THE EAST Italian Traders Reach China Niccolo and Maffeo Polo, brothers from Venice, Italy, went on a trading trip

to the Crimea on the western edge of the Mongol Empire. The Mongol leader made them his ambassadors, people who act as

messengers. Kublai Khan’s power stretched from the Yellow sea (in the east) to the Black

Sea (in the west).

A. GROWING INTEREST IN THE EAST

Tales of the East The Polos stayed in China for about 16 years. Marco Polo’s notes became a book called, The Travels of

Marco Polo. Marco Polo worked for Kublai Khan’s court and traveled to

many parts of the Empire.

B. LOOKING FOR NEW TRADE ROUTES

Main Idea : Europeans began searching for direct trade routes to the East.

B. LOOKING FOR NEW TRADE ROUTES

High Prices for Eastern Goods European’s demand for many different

spices from India and China were great. Europeans used spices not to only

season food but to preserve it. Traders who brought spices and other

goods from the East traveled through many lands before they reached Europe.

B. LOOKING FOR NEW TRADE ROUTES

Dangerous Land Routes In the late 1300s, the Mongol Empire began breaking

apart. New Muslim powers were rising in Asia Minor, the part of

Asia closet to Europe. The Ottoman Turks saw Christians as nonbelievers and

waged a jihad, or holy war, against them.

C. SPREADING CHRISTIANITY

Main idea : An important goal of European explorers was to spread Christianity.

C. SPREADING CHRISTIANITY

Missionaries Head East Missionaries were traveling eastward to force the Mongols

to accept the Christian faith. Monks followed the caravan routes, trading ideas with

people they met along the way. Oderic of Pordenone was the first European to visit Tibet in

China.

C. SPREADING CHRISTIANITY

Voyages With Several Purposes

The explorer Vasco Da Gama stated that he was searching for “Christians and spices”.

Kings, queens, and others were motivated by religion, new trade routes and chances of finding gold.

Expeditions were also used to gather important information.

D. SAILING WITH NEW TECHNOLOGY

Main Idea : Advances in technology helped make exploration possible.

D. SAILING WITH NEW TECHNOLOGY

Tools for Navigation By the mid-1400s, Europeans

traveled with two important tools, a magnetic compass and an astrolabe (a tool used to find a ship’s latitude or distance north or south).

When people sailed unknown and uncharted waters they used the stars to guide them in their navigation.

Portolan charts (navigational maps) helped a ship’s pilot figure out the course from one harbor to another.

D. SAILING WITH NEW TECHNOLOGY

Ships for Long Trips European sailors used two kind of ships : a long one for fast travel

and a round one that was stronger than the long one. European explorers preferred a type of round ship known as a caravel. A caravel could carry weapons along the sides and its triangular sails

also allowed it to sail in the wind.

CHAPTER 15 Exploration and TradeSection 2

Portugal Leads The Way

Period 5World History

DW

A. Exploration Under Henry the Navigator Main Idea

A. Prince Henry the Navigator sent expeditions to explore the West African coast.

A. Exploration Under Henry the Navigator Sailing Study

Center

Around 1419 Prince Henry set up a center of studies of navigation at sagres at the southwestern coast of Portugal.

Henry had a lot of reasons for supporting exploration. Although he was a very curious man. He was curious about the world, and navigation and shipbuilding was the most that fascinated him.

Back then people at these schools developed the caravel. And improved tools for navigation.

A. Exploration under Henry the Navigator Down the African

Coast

In 1434, Portuguese explorer Gil Eanes was sent to find a route to Africa. He sailed around cape bojador above cape vercle in western Africa, looking for valuable goods such as gold.

Between 1455 and 1456, Alvise ca’da Mosto and Diogo Gomes found several cape Verde Islands, which are northwest of Gambia.

Between 1450 and 1460, Henry focused mainly on trade with areas of Africa the Portuguese had reached.

B. Toward the Indian Ocean

Main IdeaAfter Bartolomeu Dias sailed around the

southern tip of africa, the Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama sailed around Africa to India.

B. Toward the Indian Ocean Bartolomeu Dias Rounds Africa

In 1487, three Portuguese ships led by Bartolomeu Dias sailed down the west africa.

As Dias went south, the weather turned bad. In the wind and rain, Dias rounded the tip of africa without knowing it.

Dias’s journey proved that there was a sea route around Africa.

B. Toward the Indian Ocean Vasco da Gama Sails to India

In 1497, Vasco da Gama set sail with 170 sailors and 4 ships. His goal was to reach Calicut, on the west coast of India.

In the spring of 1498, da Gama crossed the India Ocean from East Africa in Calicut.

In 1499, he returned with just 2 ships and 44 sailors in stead of 170 sailors and 4 ships.

C. Trading Empires Main Idea

First, the Portuguese and then the English, Dutch, and French set up trading empires in the east.

C. Trading Empires The Portuguese Take ControlBy 1513, only 15 years after da Gama reached

Calicut, the Portuguese had destroyed the Arabs’ hold on trade in the Indian Ocean.

Over a period of about 40 years, they set up trading posts throughout the region, in places like Java, Timor, Sumatra, and Macao in China and Nagasaki in Japan.

By this time Portugal now controlled the ocean traffic from Hormuz , in the Persian Gulf, east to Malacca, in Malaya.

C. Trading Empires Power Shifts in the East

Its been 100 years since King John II of Portugal had brought new energy to the search for a sea route around Africa to the east

In 1494, Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas.

The next 60 years, the Dutch took control of one Portuguese territory or trading post after another.

Caravelany of several kinds of fast, small sailing

ships, esp. one with a narrow, high poop and lateen sails, used by the Spaniards and Portuguese in the 15th and 16th cent.

Chapter 15 Exploration and Trade Section 3 China, Japan, & Foreign

Trade

White Girl (:World history

Period 5

A. China and the Outside world

• During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China had limited contact with foreigners

• The military leader, Hong Wu founded the Ming Dynasty and ruled as emperor.

A. China and the Outside world

• The Ming Dynasty Rebuilds China– Mongol rule of china ended in 1368– In the final years of the Mongol Empire, civil war broke

out among the Chinese people.– After many years of fighting , Hong Wu captured Beijing

from the Mongols and made himself emperor of china.

A. China and the Outside world

• Foreign Contacts Under the Ming– China expanded its power

during the Ming Dynasty.– Mongolia, Korea, and

Southeast Asia all became subject to emperor’s authority

– The early Ming developed more contacts across the seas.

– Yongle, the third Ming emperor, took unusual steps to encourage foreign contact.

A. China and the Outside world

• Expansion and Trade During the Qing Dynasty

– The Ming Dynasty slowly lost its control of outlying regions in the 1500s.

– By 1644, the Ming could no longer handle the troubles in China on their own

– They turned to the people from Manchuria, called Manchus, for help

B. Japan Shuts a Door

• The Tokugawa rulers closed Japan to almost all foreigners for more then 200 years

B. Japan Shuts a Door• Europeans Arrive in

Japan– The 1500s were

unsettled times in Japan

– The daimyo, or warrior lords, were fighting a civil war

– Their armies spread across the countryside to guard the lords’ farmland

B. Japan Shuts a Door

• The Tokugawas Send Foreigners Away– In 1603, the Tokugawa family came to power and

ruled for more then 250 years– In the first years of rule, the Tokugawas worked to

bring peace and set up a new government system– Tokugawa Ieyasu was the first Tokugawa shogun

Mongol• The Mongol Empire was an

empire from 13th and 14th century spanning from eastern Europe across Asia.