Northern India Engineering College, New Delhi

Exam Roll No...•...................@ CD

END TERM EXAMINATION(Please write your Exam Roll No.)

FOURTH SEMESTER B.TECH. MA\'-2010Subjer;(~,~pff;ware Engineering

Maximum Marks :75. ,Note: Attempt all questions. Internal choice is indicated. 'I

QI Attempt all questions (5*5=25)(a) What is modularity? List the important properties of a modular system(b) List out requirement elicitation techniques. Which one is most popular and why?(c) What is risk exposure? What techniques can be used to control each risk.(d) Explain the significance of software reliability engineering.(e) Define module cohesion and explain various types of cohesion?

Q2 (a)Define the term "Software engineering". Explain the major differences betweensoftware engineering and other traditional engineering disciplines.- (6)(b) Describe spiral model in detail. What are the limitations of such a model? (6.5)

OR(a) Compare iterative enhancement model and evolutionary process model. (6)(b) List advantages of software requirement specification. Describe the desirable

characteristic\s of a good softwrre requirement specification. (6.5)

Q3. (a) Explain all the levels of COCOMO model. Assume that the size of an organicsoftware product has been estimated to be 25K lines of code. Determine the effortrequired to developed the software product and the nominal development time. (6)

(b) Define cohesion and explain types of cohesion with example. (6.5)OR

(a) Explain briefly Putnam Model. Describe the trade-off between time versus cost inPutnam resource allocation model. (4.5)

(b) How function oriented designs differs from object oriented designs? (3)(c) Compute the function point value for a project with the following information

domain characteristics.Number of user inputs =24Number of user outputs = 65Number of user enquiries = 12Number of files = 12Number of external interfaces = 4Assume that all complexity adjustment values are moderate. (5)


~~~;' h,Q4. {a).Considerithe program given below. Calculate halstead software science metrics'~ ~(.i '( 171,T12 ~ program volume, program length, program level, effort). (10)

void maine ) t{

~ int x, y;sc~f ("%d \n", &x);

"'. > scanf ("%d \n", &y);while (x ! = y)

{if(x> y)

x = x -y;else y = y - x;

}printf("x = %d", x);

.~.j

}(b) Describe the software quality. Explain various quality attributes in detail. (2.5)

OR(a) What are software metrics? Des~ribe data structure metrics. (4)(b) Assume that a program will experience 200 failures in infinite time. It has nowexperienced 100. The initial failure intensity was 20 failures/CPU hr. (6)

(i) Determine the current failure intensity.(ii) Find the decrement of failure intensity per failure.

(iii) Calculate the failures experienced and failure intensity after 20 and 100 CPUhrs: of execution.

(c) What are the various key process areas at defined level in CMM? (2.5)

Q5. (a) What ~e' various kinds of functional testing? Describe anyone in detail. (6)(b) Describe various maintenance cost estimation models. (6.5)

OR(a) What is software maintenance? Describe various categories of maintenance.Which category consumes maximum effort and why? (5)(b) Consider the program to find the median of three numbers. Its input is a triple ofpositive integers (say x, y, and z) and values are from interval [100,500}. Generateboundary and robust test cases. (5)(c) What is the purpose of integration testing? How is it done? (2.5)


(Please write your Exam Roll No.) Exam Roll No..•....................

END TERM EXAMINATIONFOURTH SEMESTER B.TECH. MAy-2010

Paper Code: ETEC204/ETEE204 Subject: Analog Electronics:1IPaper Id: 28204Time: 3 Hours Maximum Maries:75

t Note: Attempt one question from each unit. Q.1 is compulsory. Internal choice is indicated.

Q1 (a) Explain the function of all the basic building blocks of an op-amp.(b)What is the importance of current mirror? Draw the circuit of the

basic current mirror and explain its working.(c) List the important features of an Instrumentation amplifier. Draw the

circuit of a practical Instrumentation amplifier and find an expressionfor its output voltage.

(d)What types of fixed voltage regulators are available? Show thestandard representation and discuss main characteristics.

(e) Draw the circuit of an All-Pass filter and find its transfer function.Give an application of All-Pass filter. (5x5=25)

UNIT-IQ2 (a) Draw the circuit of a MOSFET source coupled differential amplifier.

Derive an expression for its CMRR. (6.5)

(b) Draw the circuit of a Wilson current source and show that its outputcurrent is almost equal to the reference current. (5)

ORQ3 (a) Discuss the external compensating techniques used in op-amps.

Compare their performance. (6.5)

(b)The time constant (RC) of an op-amp integrator circuit is O.lms.

Determine the output response for the following input signals:- (6)

(i) IV peak sine wave at 5KHZ.

(ii)Step voltage Vi= 1V for 0~ t ~ .5ms .

(iii)2VP-P square wave of 5KHz.

Draw the input and output waveforms.

UNIT-IIQ4 (a) Draw the circuit of a multivibrator which can generate a single output

pulse of duration T. Explain the working and derive the expression forthe pulse width T. (6.5)

(b) Draw the circuit of an op-amp oscillator to generate radio frequencysignals. Determine the expression for the frequency of oscillation andthe condition for oscillation. (6)

ORQ5 (a) Explain the working of a square waveform generator and derive an

expression for the frequency of oscillation. Suggest a method forobtaining asymmetrical square wave. (6.5)

(b) For an RC-phase shift oscillator, derive the expression for thefrequency of oscillation and condition for sustained oscillation. (6)

P.T.O.

~,


Q6

[-2-]

UNIT-Ill(a) For the circuit shown in fig.l, find the output voltage waveform for a

sine wave input signal. (6.5)

.~

Fig.1

(b) Draw and explain the working of a complementary symmetry push-pull amplifier. Derive an expression for its efficiency. (6)

ORQ7 (a) A comparator circuit using positive feedback is shown in fig.2. A sine

wave input is applied. Derive the output response. Explain Hysterisisin this circuit. (6.5)

1.9.t

Fig.2

Q8

(b) Draw the circuit of a log amplifier and derive the expression' for theoutput voltage. Is the circuit independent of temperature? (6)

UNIT-IV(a) Draw the circuit of a second-order low-pass filter and derive an

expression for its transfer function for a maximally flat response inthe pass band. (6.5)

(b) Draw the block schematic of a PLL and explain the function of eachblock. (6)

ORQ9 (a) Draw the circuit of a notch filter and derive an expresslOn for its

transfer function. (6)(b) Draw a block schematic of voltage can trolled oscillator (VeO). Explain

its working and derive an expression for its frequency. (6.5)

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(Please write your Exam Roll No.) Exa,;,Roll No.•.......•....•........

END TERM EXAMINATIONFOURTH SEMESTER B.TECH. MAY-20tO

~P!~_~ode: ETEC206 Subject:Digital Circuits & System-ITime: 3 Hours MaximumMaries:75

[--~---_·-----N-o-te--:-A-tt-e-m-rp-tfive questionsincluding Q.1which is compulsory. :=JQ1 (a) Simplify the Boolean Expression AB(ABC + ABC + ABC). (3x5=15)

(b) Implement the given Boolean expression using 3 logic gates only---- -- --

Y = ABC D + ABC D + ABCD + ABCD .(c) Express I(A, B, C,D) = AB + ABC + CD as the sum of minterms and as the

product of maxterms.(d) Minimize the multiple-output switching function given below, using a four

variable Karnaugh map j(A,B,C,D)= 'L(l,2,6,7,8,13,14,IS)+ 'L(3,S,12). The 4>~

terms are don't care terms.(e) Differentiate between Mealy machine and Moore maching with on example of

sequential circuit.

Q2 (a) Construct a 3x1MUX using 2x1 Muxes.(b) Explain briefly the BCD to seven segment decoder.(c) Draw the circuit Two-bit comparator.

(5)(5)(5)

Q3 (a) Calculate the frequency and the duty cycle of an astable multivibratoroutput using IC 555 timer with RA = 6.8KO, RB = 3.3KO and timingcapacitor C = O.lpF . (5)

(b) Explain the difference between racing and toggling. (2)(c) Convert the following flip flops (i) J-K into 0 (ii)T into D. (8)

Q4 (a) Design a detector to detect the sequence 10101 (i) with overlap (ii) withoutoverlap. (8)

(b) Design a decade ripple counter using J-K flip flop. (7)

Q5 (a) A six-bit Of A converter using binary weighted resistor has a 640KQ resistorfor LSB. What is the value of resistor used for MSB? (7)

(b) Explain the principle and working of dual slope integrator AfD converter.Also, mention its advantages. (8)

Q6 (a) Compare various logic families like RTL, DTL, TTL, ECL, PMOS and CMOSin terms of- (12)(i) fan in (ii)fan out (iii)propagation time(iv)clock rate (v)power dissipation (vi)noise marginAlso, mention their relative merits and demerits.

(b) Explain the working of static and dynamic RAMcells. (3)

Q7 (a) How does the architecture of PLAdiffer from ROM and PAL? (7)(b) Define the following terms in convertion with DACs:- (8)

(i) Nyquist sampling (ii)Accuracy (iii)Resolution (iv) Settling time

Q8 (a) What are universal shift registers? Discuss various applications of shiftregisters. (7)

(b) What is a Johnson counter? Prove that it can be used as a 2N:1 counter. (8)

Q9 Write short notes on any three of the following:-(a) TTL logic family(b) Content addressable memory(c) Drivers for display devices(d) Linear Ramp ADC

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(5x3=15)


Exam Roll No .CDEND TERM EXAMINATION

o (Please write your Exam Roll No.)

Maximum Marks :75Note: Q.1 is compulsory. Attempt one question from each unit. I

Paper Code: ETlT20BPaper ld: 31208Time: 3 Hours

I

FOURTH SEMESTER B.TECH. MAY-2010Subject: Communication Systems

Ql (a) Explain the principle of companding. (3)

(b)What is the difference between wide-band and narrow band FM? (3)

(c) Explain central limit theorem. (3)

(d)What is slope overload noise in DM systems? How can this noise isminimized? (3)

(e) What parameters control SfN ratio and band width requirement for aPCM system? (3)

(f) Draw the waveforms of following in time domain:- (3)(i) AM-DSBfFC(ii)AM-DSBfSC

(g) Explain Shannon Hartley Theorem of channel capacity.

(h) Explain the difference between PSK and DPSK systems.

(3)

(4)UNIT-I

Q2 (a) Explain the basic principle of quadrature carrier multiplexing. Givethe block representation and necessary mathematical analysis. (8)

(b)A carrier is amplitude modulated by a combination of two sinusoidalmodulating signals with modulajon indices 0.3 and 0.4 respectively.Find power in sidebands as a percentage of total power in modulatedsignal. (4.5)

Q3 Give the methods of generation and demodulation of various pulsemodulated signals. Compare their important features and list importantapplications. (12.5)

UNIT-IIQ4 (a) Explain one method of modulation and demodulation of FM signal. (8)

(b)An FM signal is given by v(t) = 1Osin(1 08 t + 15 sin 2000t) Find;- (4.5)(i)Frequency deviation(ii)Bandwidth for transmission of signal.

Q5 (a) Find the mean and variance of sum of two random variables whichare statistically independent. (6)

(b)A joint probability density function of two random variables X and Y isgiven by (6.5) .p(x,y) = e-(x+y) ; x ~ O,y ~ 0

= 0 otherwiseFind P(X<l), P(X>Y),P(X+Y<l). (6.5)

P.T.O.


Q6

[-2-]

UNIT-III(a) Derive expressions of SNR of (i) PCM system (ii) DM system.

(b) Explain the principle of CPFSK system. Give suitable diagrams.

(6.5)(6)

Q7 (a) Derive an ~xpression of maximum SNR at the output of a matchedfilter. List important features of such filter. (6.5)

(b) Explain the principle of prediction filter, using necessary diagram .. Give its typical application in communication systems. (6)

.' ,, /

Q8

Q9

UNIT-IVGive important features of various channel codes used in communicationsystems. Give suitable examples in each case. List typical applications ofsuch codes. (12.5)

Explain the principle of(a) Generation of SSB signals(b) G~neration of SC signalsDraw' suitable block diagrams and give necessary mathematical analysisin each case. (12.5)

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(Please write your Exam Roll No.) Exam Roll No•..........•.•.........

END TERM EXAMINATIONFOURTH SEMESTER B. TECH. MA y-20lO

Subject: Electromagnetic Fields & Transmission LineMaximum Marks :75

Note: Q.1 is compulsory. Attempt one question from each unit. IQl (a) Differentiate between conduction current and displacement current. (2)

(b) Find the input impedance of distortionless transmission line at radiofrequency in both open and short circuited case. Also, state the condition forLoss Line and also for distortion less transmission line. (3)

(c) Differentiate between group velocity and phase velocity. (2)(d) Given a non-magnetic material having Er=3.2 and a==1.5xl0--4S/m. Find

numerical value at 3MHz for propogation constant and intrinsic impedance. (3)(e) Explain the physical significance of curl of a vector. Calculate V'xA if

-( ) sin¢ ~A r,¢,z ==--ar• (3)r

(f) Transform the following vectors to cylindrical and spherical co-ordinatesD == (x + z)Gy' (4)

(g) A Transmission Line of characteristic impedance 500 is terminated by aresistor 1000. What will be VSWR in the line? Calculate the impedances atthe voltage maxima and minima point. (4)

(h) A circular conductor of radius ro == lcm has an internal field

- 104 (1. r ) A / 7rH==- -2 smar--cosar a"A m, where a==-. Find the total current inr a a 2ro

the conductor. (4)

UNIT-IQ2 (a) Derive Poisson's equation. State the condition at which it becomes Laplace's

equation. In spherical co-ordinates v=o at r=0.2m and V=200volts at r=4m.- -

Calculate E and D, assuming free space between these concentricspherical shell. (2+1+3.5)

(b) State and explain Gauss Law of volume charge density of a given charge

distribution is given by p == po(;) in spherical co-ordinates. Determine the

electric flux density and field intensity at any point and also find V if v=o atr == O. (3+3)

ORQ3 (a) Find the volume charge density inside a sphere of radius 'a', given electric

. . . { Ar 4, r S afIeld mtensIty, Er == -2 • Also, explain Displacement Vector DandAr , r> a

obtain its value. (6)(b) In a certain Region the electric scalar potential is given by V == x3 +3l + Z2 •

Find the value of electric field at point P(1,-2,3)m. (2)(c) (i) Determine the constant a, b, c so that

V == G)x + 2y + az)+ Gy(bx -3y- z)+ Gz(4x +cy + 2z)is irrotational. (3)

(ii) Determine the divergence offield Ddue to a point charge. (1.5)

UNIT-IIQ4 (a) The XYplane serve as interface between two different media Medium 1 (Z<O)

is filled with a material whose J-lr == 6 and medium 2(Z>0) is filled with aP.T.O.


material whose fir == 4. If the interface carries current (~oJa, rnA / m and'

[-2-)U.

f

(6)Ih == 50, + 8a:mWb/ m2. Find HI and B2.

(bl State ohm's law. In free space E == 20 Cos (O){ 50x)a, V / m .

Calculate (i) ,~ (ii) H and (iii) OJ. (6.5)OR

Q5 (a)~Write the Integral and differential form of Gauss Law for magnetostatic. Also,show that an isolated magnetic charge does not exist. Verify it, if in a certain

. . H (2 21: 2" 4 2 2' A /.c<;mducting regIOn == yz x + y fix - Y xza, + X Y a, m. (6.5)

(b) If H == yar - xa,. A / m on plane z=O. (6)

(i) Determine current density.(ii) Verify Ampere's Law by taking circulation of H around the edge of

rectangle z=O, 0 < x < 3. -1 < Y < 4 .

UNIT-III(a) Show that uniform electromagnetic wave is Transverse in nature and its

characteristic impedance in free space is, 3770.. (6)(b) What is skin depth? Calculate skin depth (5, propogation constant rand

wave velocity v at a frequency of 1.6MHz in aluminium whosea = 38.2MS / m. fir == I. ,(6.5)

ORQ7 (a) Derive Poynting Theorem. Explain the significance of each Term. In free

space £(z, t) == 50Cos(cot - j3z)Zi x V /111. Find the average power crossing acircular area of radius 2.5m in the plane z=constant. (3+3.5)

(b) (i) At what frequency may earth be considered as a perfect dielectric, ifa == 5xl 0'-3 S / m, fir = 1, Er == 8. Can u be assumed zero at these frequencies. (3)(ii) The electric intensity associated with a plane wave traveling in a perfectdielectric is given by E(z,f)==lOCos(2;rx 107t-0.lm'T/m. Calculate thevelocity o[propogation, write down an expression for magnetic field intensityassociated with the wave if fI == flo' (3)

.~

./Q6

UNIT-IVQ8 (a) Define the characteristic impedance and input impedance of Transmission

Line, derive the expression for input impedance of Transmission Line ofLength 'L'. (6.5)

(b) (i) Explain impedance transformation property of a quarter wavetransmission line. (3)(ii) Define VSWR and Reflection coefficient, obtain the relation behveenthem. (3)

Q9OR

(a) The constant per kIn of aR == 42.9n, L == 0,7mH. C == O.lflF, G == 24J171l n I •

velocity (ev := 5000rad !s).(b) Show that when series Resistor R and the

Transmission Line are small but not negligible,

R rc G fLmay be written as a == 2 fL + 2"~c.

certain cable areCalculate a. Zo and phase

(6)Shunt Conductance G ofthe attenuation constant u

(6.5)

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t".j


(2.5xlO=25)•

Exam Roll No.••....................cD

ENVlfERM EXAMINATIONFOURTH SEMESTER B.TECH. MAY-2010

, - Subject: Operating Systems ~

:; I( Maximum Marks :75·Note: Attempt one question from each unit. Q.1 is compulsory. I

"

Answer the following in brief:-(a) What are the rnafn advantages of multiprogramming?(b) Define the essential properties of Batch Operating System.(c) What are the dif~erences between a tr~p and an interrupt?(d) Define the difr~rences between preemptive and non-preemptive

scheduling. :(e) Describe the ae;tions taken by a thread library to context switch

between user-level threads.(f) What are the b~nefits and the detriments of each of the following?

Consider both tlle systems and the programmer's level.(i) Symmetric a4d Asymmetric communication.(iiIFixed·sized ahd variable-sized messages.

(g) Discuss three miajor complications that concurrent processing adds toan operating f;>y~tem.

(h) Can "busy waiti:p.g"be avoided altogether? Explain your answer.(i) What is the GaUse of thrashing? How does the system detect

thrashing? '(j) In what situatiops would. using memory as a RAM disk be more useful

than using it_ !as:"a d.isk cache?: '

Q1

. (Please write your Exam Roll No.)

Paper Code: ETCS212Paper Id: 32212Time: 3Hours

.[

(3)(5)

(4)•UNIT-I

(a) Describe the following allocation algorithms:-(i) First Fli {ii)'iPcst Fit (iii)Worst Fit

(b) Why are somc,th:nes segmentation and paging' combined into onescheme? (4)

(c) Under what circumstances do page faults occur? Describe the actionstaken by the operating system when a page fault occurs. (4.5)

OR(a) Why are page sizes always powers of '2'? Explain.(b) Consider the fOllowing segment table:

segmenff-,.' B,ase Len tho ' ,,219 6001 ,'2300 142 i90 1003 1327 5804 i952 96

What are the phy~ical addresses for the following logical addresses?(i) ()430 ' (ii)iItO (iii) 2500 (iv) 3400 (v) 4112(c) Under what circumstances would a user be better off using a time-

sharing systen:l, rather than a PC or single-user ~rkstation? (4.5)

Q2

Q2

UNIT~IIQ3 (a) What aret1leitwo differences between user-level threads and Kemel-

level threads?\!Under what circumstances is one type better than theother? (4)

P.T.O.


,~ Q3.j

[-2-}

(b) Show that, if the 'wait' and 'signal' operations are not executedatomically, then mutual exclusion may be avoided (violated). (3.5)

(c) Suppose that a scheduling algorithm (at level of short termscheduling) favours those processes that have used the leastprocessor .ime in the recent pasl. Why will this algorithm favour I/Obpund programs and yet not permanently starve CPU-bound

.. programs? (5)OR

(a)J!:xplain the differences in degrees to which the following schedulingalgorithms discdrninate in favour of short processes:- (6.5)(i) FCFS : (ii) RR (iii)Multilevel feedback Queues

(b) Write a bounded buffer monitor ill which th~ buffers (portions) arcembedded within the monitor itself. (6)

UNIT-IIIQ4 (a) Consider a system consisting of six tape drives, with 'n' processes

competing for them. Each process may need two drives. For which. values of 'n', is the system deadlock free. (4.5)(b) Why i·s rotationJ1 latency usually not considered in disk scheduling?

How would ycm;modify SSTF, SCAN and C.·SCAN to include latencyoptimization? (8)

ORQ4 (a) Describe three Circumstances separately under which blocking I/O

and non-blocking 1(0 should be used. Why not just implement non-blocking I/O and have processes bu~y--wait until their device is ready?Expl9-in. (.4)

(b) Is disk scheduli~lg other than FeF3 schccluling, usdul in 8. single userenvironmcDt? Ekplain your answer. (4.5)

(c) Is it possible Lo have 8. deadlock invulving only one procc~3s?Explainyour answer. (4)

!J

!-

Q5

Q5

UNIT:IV(a) Systems that support sequential files always have :J1J operation Lo

rewind files. Do systems that support random acces~) files need thistoo? Why or why not, explain. (4.5)

(b) Some systems provide file sharing by maintaming a single copy of afile, other systems maintain several copies, one for each of the userssharing the file. Discuss the relative mel-its of each approach. (4)

(c) Why must the {bit map for file allocation be kept on mass storage,rather than in main memory? Explain. (4)

OR(a) An operating system only supports a single directory but allows that.

directory to have arbitrarily many files with arbitrarily long file names.Can something'approxi~ating a hierarchical file system be simulated?How? . ., (5)

(b) Ylhy is it advantageous to the user for an operating system todynamically allocate its internal tables? What are the penalties to theoperating system for doing so? . (4)

(c) Some systems support many types of st.ructures for a file's data, whileothers simply support a stream of bytes. What are the advantages anddisadvantages? (3.5)

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