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North East Kuala Lumpur Architecture Culture & History II (ARC 60203) Project 1: Timeline and Diagram Analysis Group A Group B Group C Buildings : Members: Wisma Tabung Haji (1984) Putra World Trade Centre (1985) Wisma Tun Sambanthan (1989) National Visual Arts Gallery (2000) Teoh Jun Xiang (0322099) Teoh Zhe Khai (0322905) Theresa Thia Ai Min (0323170) Thomas Ting Shii Kai (0323962) Tung Siew Hui Perpustakaan Negara (1966) Istana Budaya (1999) Matrade (2007) Vun Tze Lin (0323301) Wee Sue Wen (0322633) Wong Cho Mun (0322723) Wong Mei Xin (0323824) Wong Yun Teng (0323454) Oscar Wong Zheng Yang (0319674) Stadium Negara (1957) Dayabumi Complex (1984) Menara Maybank (1988) Yang Jing Loo (0323066) Yew Wing Kee (0323555) Yong Ai Yi (0321977) Zoe Low Li Mien (0319444) Hoh Jean Ming Bakht Jalal Khan (0326850)

Transcript of Northeast kl

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North East Kuala LumpurArchitecture Culture & History II (ARC 60203)Project 1: Timeline and Diagram Analysis

Group A

Group B

Group CBuildings

:

Members:

Wisma Tabung Haji (1984)

Putra World Trade Centre (1985)

Wisma Tun Sambanthan (1989)

National Visual Arts Gallery (2000)Teoh Jun Xiang (0322099)

Teoh Zhe Khai (0322905)

Theresa Thia Ai Min (0323170)

Thomas Ting Shii Kai (0323962)

Tung Siew Hui (0323823)

Muhammad Izzat Asyraf b. Hassan(1007P10900)

Perpustakaan Negara (1966)

Istana Budaya (1999)

Matrade (2007)

Vun Tze Lin (0323301)

Wee Sue Wen (0322633)

Wong Cho Mun (0322723)

Wong Mei Xin (0323824)

Wong Yun Teng (0323454)

Oscar Wong Zheng Yang (0319674)

Stadium Negara (1957)

Dayabumi Complex (1984)

Menara Maybank (1988)

Yang Jing Loo (0323066)

Yew Wing Kee (0323555)

Yong Ai Yi (0321977)

Zoe Low Li Mien (0319444)

Hoh Jean Ming (0322496)

Bakht Jalal Khan (0326850)

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Stadium Negara1957

Analysis Diagrams

PhotographsInformation

Balance & SymmetryFrom the plan view, the symmetry line shows the balance of the building where each quarter of the side are same to each other. Same goes to elevation, the building is symmetrical on the vertical line which provides better view for users in any point where they are standing.

Architect : Stanley Edward Jewkes

Year : 1957

Style: Brutalism , Modernism, International Style

Function: Malaysia's declaration of independence on 31 August 1957, venue for many major sporting events, venue for concerts.

Location & Location map :Jalan Hang Jebat, 50150 Kuala Lumpur.

Description:constructed from 25 September 1956 to 21 August 1957 to host the Thomas Cup. Sept 17, 1963 The day after Malaya became Malaysia. Stadium Negara was announced by Yang Dipertuan Agong as one of the eight symbolic national buildings In the 1960’s, 10200-seat Stadium Negara was built and also added a largest unsupported concave roof Designed by Public Works Department engineer, S.E.Jewkes. In 1985 the roof was replaced by space-frame dome In February 2003 it helps the ventilation of the building, Stadium Merdeka was named a national heritage building.In 2007, Merdeka Stadium underwent restoration to its original 1957 condition. The 45,000-capacity stadium has been reduced to 20,000. Then, renovation tale placed for Malaysia’s 50th anniversary. The top picture shows the stadium before the space-frame dome was added.

Site ContextThis Stadium was built on a small hill on Petaling Hills. There are education buildings above and behind the stadium. It was built in city for users to access easily.

CirculationThe circulation of this Stadium from each entrance direction flows is centralised which gives concentration on the arena stage. The most used public entrance is the main entrance where entrance A & B will open when heavy traffic occurs. Backstage entrance is a semi-private space were usually used by staff workers.

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vjl_PqEemGA/TRq7tuNYNYI/AAAAAAAAAF0/Do6a9_VjBxM/s1600/Stadium+Negara.jpg

https://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSzbM_O39kIfM4c7J58oV31RERMb5Q6oPxEKw1QGQg0_ZYn5H_bEA

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vjl_PqEemGA/TRq7tuNYNYI/AAAAAAAAAF0/Do6a9_VjBxM/s1600/Stadium+Negara.jpg

RepetitionRepetition occurs from a small circle overlap continuously with a bigger circle. The section view shows the row of the seats are placed in different level which creates a hierarchy pattern this is to avoid the front row won't block the view from behind.

The repetition show by the red lines in the diagram

GeometryThe form of stadium negara is a combination of a dome shape and 2 rectangular shapes.The additional dome is to prevent strong air flow and rainy weather from sport event.

Light PenetrationThe windows surrounds the upper part of the building which allows light comes in any side.Due to the position of the windows, the lower part will gets more sunlight rather than the upper part of the inner building.

windowsEntrance A

Backstage Entrance

Entrance B

Main Entrance

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Perpustakaan Negara1966

Location: 232 Jalan Tun RazakKuala Lumpur50400 Architect: Kumpulan Akitek (http://www.kumpulanakitek.com.my/) Year: 1966 Type: Malaysian Architecture, Description: The Perpustakaan Negara is divided into three branches: The management,Library development,Information services. The design of the building and concept reflects the Malaysian identity and symbolises intellectual achievement. It also takes from the national's rich cultural heritage. The concept is that the building is based off of the traditional Malay hat, the tengkolok that symbolizes intellectual pride in Malaysian culture. Roof tiles contains unique patterns inspired by the Kain Songket.

Analysis Diagrams

PhotographsInformation

Site context This building is located along Jalan Tun Razak, there’s residential (grey color) surrounded the perpustakaan.

Form

CirculationThere is only one entrance for the public, it offers a linear experience through the library.

Media room

Registration counter

FormThis building is form by tengkolok which symbolize the intellecture pride and respect in Mlaysia culture.

AsymmetryView from the top shows the asymmetry of the size of the roof.

RepititionThe repeating use of the roof which is in the sahpe of tengkolok.

Geometry From the elevation of the building it was actually shows the geometry form of squares, triangles, and trapezium.

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Dayabumi Complex1984

Analysis Diagrams

PhotographsInformation

Symmetry And BalanceThe modern Islamic architecture building elaborates the use of symmetry in the structure. The exterior of the building, including the floor plans and the elements of the building have obvious symmetry and balance.

Architect : Nik Mohammed. Arkitek MAA Sdn Bhd (MAA)Year : 1984

Style: Modern Islamic Architecture, Moorish Architecture

Function:it used to house the headquarters of the national oil company PETRONAS, until they moved to the world famous PETRONAS Twin Towers; now it houses several commercial offices.And also the headquarter for Pos Malaysia. Known as Pejabat Pos Besar Kuala Lumpur

Location & Location map :Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin, 50050 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Description: Dayabumi Complex is a 35-storey building set along Jalan Sultan Hishamuddin, south of Merdeka Square. Built in the 1984, it was the first modern building in KL to incorporate principles of Islamic design into its architecture. A major landmark in KL it was one of the city’s earliest skyscrapers. Also known as Menara Dayabumi, the 515ft skyscraper was built to resemble a mosque. Spread across 1,621,930sqft, the Dayabumi Complex has patterns of eight-pointed stars, high vaulted Islamic arches at the top and bottom of the tower and shiny white fretwork.

Site ContextDayabumi Complex is located close to Jalan Sultan Hishamudin, where the south of Melaka Square is. The building is located next to the Klang River.

Spacial RelationshipThe connection between the rooms to the building, Dayabumi Complex spatial relationship is defined as “space within a space” which is large space that contains a smaller space within its volume.

GeometryThe Dayabumi Complex is a combination of geometrical shape, The top view of the building shows the combination of squares, rectangles and triangles to achieve the modern islamic architecture..

CirculationThe main four entrances at the left side of the plan creates a parallel path going through the main lobby of the building and to the food court then to the exit of the building.

Design InspirationAfter its independence, Malaysia has strived towards modernizing and improving the standards to compete in the new age, as well as keeping their roots intact. The Menara Dayabumi serves as a beautiful example as its design has been inspired by the same ideology. Firstly, the architect wanted to achieve the most modern and sophisticated design, due to the improvements in technology and the economy of Malaysia. The building was to represent the progress of the nation. Secondly, the architect adopted principles of Islamic Architecture, to give the building its identity. Use of the pointed arches, eight point star in the plan, and Islamic geometrical shapes on the walls among others in combination with the modern style of architecture resulted in the final design.

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Lembaga Tabung Haji Headquarters 1984

Architect: Hijjas Kasturi

Year built:1984

Address: Jalan Tun Razak, 50450 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Design concept:The building’s design concept is influenced by Islamic architectural elements and the building’s form resembles a traditional Malay drum.

There are five non-structural pillars which are situated at the facade of the building and they resemble the five pillars of Islam.

Background:The Lembaga Tabung Haji Headquarters, which is also known as the headquarters for the Malaysian Muslim Pilgrims Management Fund Board, is situated at Jalan Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur.

The building’s design showcases simplicity, discipline and unity which are the three ideas emphasized by Islam. Hijjas Kasturi also mentioned that the building takes the shape of an hourglass form, which is something different and sculptural at the time it was built. Besides that, it is also used to represent the spiritual enlightenment promised by the pilgrimage.

Analysis Diagrams

PhotographsInformation

Site ContextThe PNB Tower, a financial building,, is situated to the south of the building. Residential buildings located nearby, such as G Tower and PNB Darby Park, provides accommodation to office workers.

FormThe main office building take the form of a concave curved vase form. Masjid Tabung Haji (the smaller building) however, takes the form of a curved cone.

StructureFive semicircular arches are situated below the building. They allow the weight of the building to be resolved into five similar structures and create a welcoming feeling.

Spatial HierarchySpace within the building is organized whereby the carpark is situated at the lowest, followed by the mechanical room, the lower, middle and upper zone offices.

CirculationCircular circulation is being used for every floor of the building to ensure smooth and undisrupted flow between spaces and to prevent congestions.

Light PenetrationTinted black glass were used to reduce the amount of light penetrating into the building. It also creates visual privacy whereby the interior is not visible externally.

http://www.thehousehunter.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/DSC018231.jpg

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Putra World Trade Centre1985

Analysis Diagrams

PhotographsInformation

FormThe building is made up of three form components which include a triangular prism at the top, a trapezium prism in the middle and a cuboid at the bottom.

Light PenetrationThe refractive glass facades at the front and back of the building allows maximum amount of light to penetrate the building from both sides, illuminating the interior spaces.

Spatial HierarchyHierarchy is shown through the size of spaces. The larger the space, the more important and frequently it’s used. The most important space is the hall, which occupies the most space.

CirculationThe spaces within the building are arranged in a linear sequential manner, , which gives a sense of continuity from space to space.

Symmetry and BalanceThe front and back facades of the building are symmetrical on the vertical axis.

MaterialityGlazed ceramic tiles on the roof makes the building glisten under the sun. Refractive glass is also used at the facades to allow natural light to illuminate the interior spaces.

http://wcfkl.my/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/pwtc1.jpghttp://www.pwtc.com.my/c/an-overview36/

Architect: Kumpulan Akitek Sdn. Bhd.

Year built:1984

Address: Putra World Trade Centre, 41, Jalan Tun Ismail, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Design concept:The building’s design concept is influenced by Islamic architectural elements and the building’s form resembles a traditional Malay house

The front facade is fully covered with reflective glass windows which gives the building a contemporary design without overpowering the traditional concept.

Background:Putra world trade centre is used mainly for exhibitions, conventions and functions. It spans over 1.7 million square feet and includes several halls to host the functions. It is also the general headquarters for UMNO.

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Menara Maybank1988

Analysis Diagrams

PhotographsInformation

MassingForms inspired from a Keris handle, reflected. An intersection of two rectangular blocks. Subtracted forms are used on the ground floor to enhance the entrances of building.

CirculationGround floor plan indicate in red, accessible pathways from the underground car park and from and main entrance of Jalan Tun Perak. Centre core is main access point of elevators to each floor..

Space organizationPlantations surrounding provide better ventilations and creates focal point of building as it located on hill. Front facade facing to minimal high rise building, reduces complexity and distractions.

Light PenetrationRepetitive of vertical glass columns allow natural light rays to enter, creates positive aroma and due to the site which located towards low rise buildings. Load of windows are transferred to girders to allow greater entrances for lightings.

RepetitionRepetitive of space. Vertical form are space of main access to every floor- elevators and corridors.. Horizontal form of spaces are departments, meeting rooms, washrooms.

Hierarchy Public space located on ground floor for visitor’s convenience regarding access. Private areas are constructed as office spaces for people to work in as a company..

Architect: Hijjas Kasturi

Year: 1988

Style: Modernist

Function: High Rise Office Building

Location & Location map: 100, Jalan Tun Perak, Pudu, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Concept: A Design that won an international competition, Malayan Banking [known as that time] is a representation of the Malayan culture. Hiijas implements the idea of a keris sword. Formed in a modernist sculptural high rise building as one the tallest buildings that presents Malaysia’s continuous development and modernity.

Material: Reinforced Concrete.

Floors: 50

HORIZONTAL

VERTICAL

SITE

HIGH RISE

LOW RISE

Public

Semiprivate Private

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Wisma Tun Sambanthan1989

Architect: Hijjas Kasturi

Year built:1989

Address: 2, Jalan Sultan Sulaiman, Kampung Attap, 50000 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Design concept:The design concept of the building was inspired from the 'stupa', which is a traditional Indian structure.

Background:Wisma Tun Sambanthan’s client is the National Land Finance Co-operative Society (NLFCS), which is a vital economic organization initiated by the Malaysian Indian community. Their plan was to invest in the commercial area which eventually became a center of capitalism at the centre of Kuala Lumpur. The building’s presence shows the importance of the Indian community in Malaysia’s economy.

The building is constructed using stainless steel, aluminium, refractive glass, marble columns and many more.. One of the special features of the building is the small auditorium situated below the ground floor, which is linked by a spiral staircase.

Analysis Diagrams

PhotographsInformation

Site ContextThe building’s plan was designed to follow the shape formed by the intersection of Jalan Kinabalu and Jalan Sultan Sulaiman.

FormThe building is formed by two different sizes of ‘coned cylinder’’ forms. The lower form is larger in volume to support the upper part of the building.

StructureThe most prominent columns that support the building are the Y-shaped columns which allow the the shape of the building to be recessed inwards.

Spatial OrganizationThe organization of the space is in a clustered pattern. The significance of spaces are articulated by its size, form, or orientation within the pattern.

MaterialityThe materials used to design the building include aluminium cladding, refractive glass and stainless steel to give it a modern and sleek feel.

Light PenetrationRefractive glass facades at all four sides of the building allows a controlled amount of light to enter and illuminate the interior spaces.

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Istana Budaya1999

Location: Jalan Tun Razak, Titiwangsa, 53200 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Architect: Muhammad Kamar Ya'akub

Year: 1999

Type: Malaysian Architecture,

Description: Panggung Sari theatre hall located inside Istana Budaya has unique designs of royal boxes that is taken from windows of the traditional Rumah Melayu. It is Asia’s first to be equipped with the latest stage facilities.

The design is inspired by traditional moon kites. The building's main shape is of the sirih junjung, a traditional arrangement used in Malay weddings made with betel leaves. It is divided into 3 main areas:

-The serambi (which is the lobby and foyer)-The rumah ibu (as the auditorium)-The rumah dapur (as the stage and rehearsal hall)

It is made with local resources and hand crafted motifs. The theatre lobby takes shape of the rebana ubi or traditional drum.

Analysis Diagrams

PhotographsInformation

Site Context Geometry

Symmetry

Circulation

UnityThe roof was constructed according to a roof type called gable roof. The roof of Istana Budaya is a repetition of gable roof and it was constructed using the ‘folding’ method.

HierarchyThe lobby is a public space and open to all the visitors. The auditorium is a semi private space, it is opened when there is an event. The stage and rehearsal hall is a private space as it is only opened to those who are authorized.

Istana Budaya is situated along Jalan Tun Razak, building along this road consist of public health organization, office and culture centers.

The plan of Istana Budaya is inspired by the shape of ‘wau bulan’ a Malay traditional kite.the plan is then modiried into a combination of few diamond shape.

There is only one entrance for the visitor, after they pass throught the lobby there are to two exit to pass throught the auditorium and after that is the reheaesal hall.

The building is built such that it is symmetrical on the vertical axis. This is to create a visual equilibrium.

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National Visual Arts Gallery2000

Year built:27th of September 2000

Address:Lembaga Pembangunan Seni Visual Negara, No. 2, Jalan Temerloh, Off Jalan Tun Razak, 53200 Kuala Lumpur.

DimensionsSurface area of building: 13,000 square meters of space

Surface area of site: 5.67 hectares

BackgroundThe National Visual Arts Gallery of Malaysia was established by Tunku Abdul Rahman, the first Prime Minister of Malaysia, on the 28th of August 1958. Initially, a 2-storey building was allocated by the government to the National Art Gallery.

The construction of the new building was completed in 1998 through a collaborative project between the Yeoh Tiong Lay (YTL) Company and the government. On 13 November 1998, the National Art Gallery (BSLN) moved to its current location at No. 2, Jalan Temerloh, Off Jalan Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur. The new National Art Gallery building was officially opened on the 27th of September 2000 by YAB Dato’ Seri Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad.

Analysis Diagrams

PhotographsInformation

Site ContextBoth the Istana Budaya and the building are located along Jalan Tun Razak, making them accessible via a common circulation path. The buildings are also placed side by side to indicate their common use for the arts.

FormThe overall form of the building is made up of cuboids, triangular prisms and an inverted “V” shaped prism, which forms the shape of the roof similar in vernacular Malay houses.

Spatial HierarchyThe location of the galleries according to their importance in a vertical manner creates a clear progression of space upwards. Permanent exhibits are situated on the top, indicating their importance in the building.

CirculationThe Guggenheim Museum-styled staircase twirls from the ground floor to the third floor, providing access to the main galleries situated above in a fashionable manner.

MaterialityThe art gallery is designed using tinted glass, tempered glass, slate as well as stainless steel. Slate is used to decorate the roof and tinted glass is used to decorate the facades.

Light PenetrationThe pyramidal tinted glass facades of the building allows sunlight to penetrate the building from two opposite sides, illuminating the interior spaces of the building constantly.

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MATRADE2007

Analysis Diagrams

PhotographsInformation

VentilationThere are windows positioned along the building’s span shows that a good ventilation system is designed for the public for exhibition purpose.

CirculationThe circulation of the building is mainly about how visitors enter the exhibition hall through the entrances in the building at the East and West as well as the front entrance for visitors to enter.

Symmetry & BalanceThe building is built such that it is symmetrical to show harmonious and tidiness for a place that is used for exhibitions.

StructureThere are columns constructed over the exhibition hall as the space is wide it need more support in the centre of the building.

Site ContextThere are commercial buildings, parking lots , roads, construction site and vegetation surround the building.

http://mapio.net/pic/p-28703346/

LocationMenara MATRADE Jalan Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, 50480 Kuala Lumpur

ArchitectUSG Boral Architects and Designers Year2007 TypeTrade and convention centre, Malaysian Architecture

Background: A building which has a unique archway designed through the building. A best venue for various functions such as meetings, incentives, conventions, exhibitions and so on. This building is managed by Creative Arm & Communication (CAC).This is a place that allows people whom are to do trading to explore and examine a wide selection of products and services..

This building is a trade and convention centre. It consists of 3 exhibition halls, one ballroom, 9 function rooms, a theatre, and an amphitheatre.

Building concept

Display Area - a real life backdrop is provided to showcase the clients the actual application and functions visually.

Booth Area - allows clients to aspect Malaysian services and products according to specific industry clusters.

Open Concept – products are exhibited in a creative manner to indicate its appeal in details

Organization of FormThe form of the building is designed as a linear organization where one space is positioned horizontally and another is vertically.Along of the space sequences has an exterior exposure.

Parking lotConstruction

site

MATRADE

Exhibition S

pace

Exhibition S

pace

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References1) Bangunan Tabung Haji, Kuala Lumpur | 106005 | EMPORIS. (n.d.). Retrieved September 26, 2016, from

http://www.emporis.com/buildings/106005/bangunan-tabung-haji-kuala- lumpur-malaysia MENARA TABUNG HAJI - ARC60203 42

2) BINTI ABDUL AZIZ, S. (2012, December 22). TABUNG HAJI TOWER, KUALA LUMPUR. Retrieved September 26, 2016, from http://al-blog-al-kaslan.blogspot.my/ 2012/12/tabung-haji-tower-kuala-lumpur.html

3) Binti Wan Mohd Rashdi, W. (2012, October 21). Malaysian Architectural Identity. Retrieved September 26, 2016, from https://designerspuo.wordpress.com/ architectural-writings/teaching-and-learning-dillema-in-puo/

4) Dayabumi Complex Kuala Lumpur (2016). Retrieved October 4th, 2016 from http://www.kuala-lumpur.ws/attractions/dayabumi-complex.htm

5) Hijjas Kasturi Associates Sdn. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2016, from http://www.hijjaskasturi.com/hkas_loader.html

6) I. (1970). Wisma Tun Sambanthan. Retrieved September 27, 2016, from http://my.malaxi.com/2014/09/wisma-tun-sambanthan.html

7) Istana Budaya. (n.d.). Retrieved October 02, 2016, from http://www.istanabudaya.gov.my/

8) Istana Budaya. (n.d.). Retrieved October 02, 2016, from https://web.archive.org/web/20070928082215/http://www.istanabudaya.gov.my/page.cfm?ID=EEEC43B3-EAEB-4959-BA1C095403A2B115

9) :: Mecc.matrade.gov.my ::. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2016, from http://mecc.matrade.gov.my/index.asp

10) Menara Tabung Haji. (2016). Retrieved September 29, 2016, from http://www.slideshare.net/LovieTey/menara-tabung-haji-case-study

11) McGillick, P. (2006). Concrete, Metal, Glass. Editions Didier Millet Sdn, Bhd.

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References12) National Visual Arts Gallery. (2016). Retrieved September 28, 2016, from http://www.lonelyplanet.com/malaysia/kuala-lumpur/sights/museums-galleries/national-visual-arts-gallery

13) National Visual Arts Gallery (Balai Seni Visual Negara). (2016). Retrieved September 28, 2016, from http://www.timeout.com/kuala-lumpur/art-galleries/national-visual-arts-gallery-balai-seni-visual-negara

14) National Visual Arts Gallery in Kuala Lumpur. (2016). Retrieved September 28, 2016, from http://www.kuala-lumpur.ws/attractions/national-art.htm#

15) National Art Gallery Malaysia. (2016). Retrieved September 28, 2016, from http://www.artinasia.com/institutionsDetail.php?catID=9999&galleryID=657

16) Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia. (n.d.). Retrieved October 3, 2016, from http://www.pnm.gov.my/

17) Putra World Trade Centre (PWTC) Building Audits. (2016). Retrieved September 28, 2016, from: http://www.ghd.com/global/projects/putra-world-trade-centre/

18) Research our halls. (2016). Retrieved September 28, 2016, from: http://www.pwtc.com.my/

19) Tan Sri Soma Hall, Wisma Tun Sambanthan, Kuala Lumpur. (2016). Retrieved September 29, 2016, from http://eventful.com/kualalumpur/venues/tan-sri-soma-hall-wisma-tun-sambanthan-kuala-/V0-001-007114820-2

20) Sidhu, J.S. (2010). Shapers of Modern Malaysia The Lives and Works of the PAM Gold Medalists. Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia.

21) Wisma Tun Sambanthan. (2016). Retrieved September 29, 2016, from http://www.townplan.gov.my/content.php?ID=172

22) Wisma Tun Sambanthan. (2016). Retrieved September 29, 2016, from http://www.timeout.com/kuala-lumpur/things-to-do/wisma-tun-sambanthan 23) Stadium Negara. (2016). Retrieved September 29, 2016, from, http://venue.myceb.com.my/venue/stadium-negara