North Canton Hoover High School OGT SCIENCE REVIEW.

North Canton Hoover High School

OGT SCIENCEREVIEW

Define conduction, convection, and radiation. Give an example of each.

Conduction Convection Radiation

Next Question Test Yourself

Conduction

DefinitionThe transfer of heat across a medium from a source of higher temperature to a source of lower temperature

ExampleA metal pot on the stove is heated when the burner is on.

Next Question Take Me Back

Convection

DefinitionThe process by which heat is transferred by the movement of a heated fluid (gas or liquid).

ExampleSteam rises from a pot of boiling Water


Radiation

DefinitionThe transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves. This form of heat transfer does not need a medium.

ExampleEarth is heated by electromagnetic waves that travel through space from the sun.


Test Yourself - A The metal handle of a pot on the

stove becomes hot.

Next QuestionNext Test Yourself Question

Conduction

Convection

Radiation


stove becomes hot.


Conduction - CORRECT

Convection

Radiation


stove becomes hot.


Conduction

Convection – INCORRECT – TRY AGAIN

Radiation


stove becomes hot.


Conduction

Convection

Radiation – Incorrect – Try again

Test Yourself - B You warm yourself by a campfire.


Conduction

Convection

Radiation



Conduction – Incorrect – Try again

Convection

Radiation



Conduction

Convection – INCORRECT – TRY AGAIN

Radiation



Conduction

Convection

Radiation – Correct

Test Yourself - C Warm air at the Earth’s equator

rises; cold air at its poles sinks.


Conduction

Convection

Radiation





Convection

Radiation




Conduction

Convection – CORRECT

Radiation




Conduction

Convection

Radiation – Incorrect – Try again

Test Yourself - D Medical x-rays are used to

produce images of the body.

Next Question

Conduction

Convection

Radiation



Next Question


Convection

Radiation



Next Question

Conduction

Convection – Incorrect – Try again

Radiation



Next Question

Conduction

Convection

Radiation - Correct

Biomes Define Biome

Name 6 common biomes.Describe the climate of each.

Next Question

Biomes Define Biome

A biome is a distinct ecological community of plants and animals living together in a particular climate.

Next Question Back to Biomes

Biomes Name 6 common biomes.

Describe the climate of each.1. Arctic Tundra

• dry and wet seasons; Cold

2. Deciduous Forest• moisture evenly distributed; warm

summers, cold winters

3. Desert• sporadic, localized moisture; great daily

range of temperature.

Next Question Next Page of Biomes

Biomes Name 6 common biomes.

Describe the climate of each.4. Coniferous Forest

• moisture varies throughout year; cold winters, cool summers.

5. Tropical Forest • long wet season with short dry season;

hot

6. Temperate Grassland• wet and dry seasons; hot

Next Question Back to Biomesor

List some causes of weather. Solar Energy – heats air and land Elevation – temperature falls with

increased elevation Nearness to large bodies of water –

humidity and temperature are affected Temperature – determines how much

water vapor air can hold Air Pressure – produces wind and air mass

patterns

Next Question

What is the greenhouse effect? Carbon dioxide and other gases in

the atmosphere prevent the sun’s heat energy from radiating back into space from Earth.

Next Question

How is the theory of global warming related to the green house effect? The burning of fossil fuels increases

the carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere.

Because CO2 absorbs heat, the atmosphere may become warmer.

Next Question

Plate Tectonics Explain the theory of plate tectonics W hat are som e ev ents that change t

he Earth’s surface?

Explain continental drift. Look at a map of the world. Can you see how the continents would fit together?

Define tectonic terms

Next Question

Plate Tectonics As the plates that make up the Eart

h ’s surface shift, they can cause the Earth’s surface to change.

Next Question Back to Plate Tectonics

Plate Tectonics Earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain

creation, and sea floor spreading are examples of events that change the Earth’s surface.


Plate Tectonics Scientists believe that 200 million

years ago, Earth’s continents were joined together, forming a super-continent called Pangaea. As the tectonic plates under the continents shifted, Pangaea broke up, and the continents moved apart.

For more review, go to: Tectonic Website


Plate Tectonics Tectonic Plates

Moving sheets of rock that form Earth’s surface

Theory of plate tectonics Theory that explains how a few thin, rigid

tectonic plates move across Earth’s surface

Mantle convection Force deep within the Earth, driven by internal

heat, that moves continents and the plates of which they are a part.

Next Question Back to Plate Tectonicsor

List some severe weather patterns Explain each pattern and tell where

it is found Tropical Storms Tornadoes Monsoons

Next Question

List some severe weather patterns – Tropical Storms And hurricanes Start as low-pressure areas over

warm waters Gain strength from warm water, but

diminish when they reach land Usually begin in tropical areas where

the water is the warmest

Next Question Back to Sever Weather

List some severe weather patterns – Tornadoes Rotating air funnels that descend

from storm clouds Can reach air speeds in excess of

300 mph Found throughout the world, but are

common in central US states like Oklahoma, Nebraska, Illinois and Ohio


List some severe weather patterns – Monsoons Wind systems that seasonally

reverse direction Winds bring rain inland from the

ocean in the summer, and they often bring drought from the continent interior during the winter.

Found over the Asian continent and Australia


Describe ways of estimating geologic time. Radiometric dating

Based on the half-life of radioactive isotopes that is used to determine the age of materials

Rock sequencing Analyzing the order of rock strata to estimate

their relative ages; Rocks lower in the order tend to be older than those near the top.

Fossils Remains or traces of prehistoric organisms

that are often formed when tissue is replaced with minerals

Next Question

Atomic Theory What is an element? Give and

example. An element is a basic substance made of a

single type of atom (hydrogen, carbon, gold)

How are atoms and molecules related to elements? Molecules are chemical combinations of two or

more atoms. Hydrogen and oxygen can combine to make a molecule of water (H2O)

Next Question

Fission and Fusion What is Fission? What is Fusion? Test Yourself

Next Question

What is Fission? Fission is a reaction that produces

energy when heavy radioactive nucleus splits apart into fragments.

The mass of the fragments is less than the mass of the original isotope.

Next Question Back to Fission and Fusion

What is Fusion? Fusion is a process in which two

nuclei come together to form a third, larger nucleus.

Energy is released when the larger nucleus is produced.

Next Question Back to Fission and Fusion

Test Yourself - A New elements being formed in the

intense heat of stars• Fission• Fusion

Next Question Next Test Yourself Question


intense heat of stars• Fission – Incorrect – Try again!• Fusion



intense heat of stars• Fission• Fusion - Correct


Test Yourself - B Neutron hitting uranium-235 to

release energy• Fission• Fusion



release energy• Fission - Correct• Fusion



release energy• Fission• Fusion – Incorrect – Try Again!


Test Yourself - C Power generated in a nuclear

submarine’s reactor.• Fission• Fusion

Next Question


submarine’s reactor.• Fission - Correct• Fusion

Next Question


submarine’s reactor.• Fission• Fusion – Incorrect – Try Again!

Next Question

What about stars? How are stars created? How do stars produce energy? How are stars responsible for the cre

ation of elements?

Next Question

How are stars created? A new star forms when a huge cloud

(made of hydrogen and other matter) collapses in space.

Gravity at the center of the new star creates great heat.

Next Question Back to About Stars

How do stars produce energy? The intense heat inside a star

causes the hydrogen protons to move so rapidly that they join together or fuse.

This process, fusion, is a nuclear reaction that creates energy.

The star starts to glow.


How are stars responsible for the creation of elements?

Ongoing fusion of protons in stars results in many different proton combinations.

Each different combination of protons is an element.

After millions of years some stars explode, releasing many different elements into space.


Energy Define potential energy. Define kinetic energy.

Next Question

Potential Energy The energy of position. Example: an eraser sitting on a table

has less potential energy than an eraser sitting on top of an 8 foot ladder.

Next Question

The pendulum at the top of its swing has more potential energy than when it is mid-way through its swing

Back to Energy

Kinetic Energy The energy of Motion. Example: is a pendulum in motion

Next Question Back to Energy

Newton’s Laws of Motion

1. Unless acted on by an outside force, a body at rest remains at rest and a body in motion remains in motion. (Inertia)

2. Change of motion is proportional to the force used to produce the change.

3. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Next Question

How do Science and invention affect one another?1. Invention uses known scientific

principles to make something work better or create a new tool

Example: Discovery of electro-magnetic waves led to the invention of radio, television and X-Rays.

2. Using new tools (inventions) allows scientists to determine unknown scientific principles and new information

Example: The Hubble Space Telescope allows scientists to learn more about the solar system

Next Question

More Atomic Theory Draw a simple model (Bohr model) of a

n atom showing the placement of the nucleus, protons, neutrons and electrons.

Which part gives the atomic number? How would you make your atom an ion

? How would you make your atom an isot

ope?

Next Question

Simple model of atom

Next Question Back to More Atomic Theory

Which part gives the atomic number? The number of protons gives the

element its atomic number.


How would you make your atom an ion? The atom becomes an ion

(electrically charged) when it loses or gains an electron.


How would you make your atom an isotope? An isotope has extra neutrons,

increasing the mass of the atom.


Physical Properties of Substances Color

• Gold is yellow Hardness

• Diamonds are the hardest mineral

Conductivity• Copper conducts

electricity

Density• Lead is more

dense, feather is less dense

Ductility• Copper can be

pulled into a wire Magnetism

• Iron is attracted to a magnet

Next Question

Electricity How does electric

current flow?• Electric current

flows when electrons move freely

Explain what makes some materials conductors and others insulators• Conductors:

materials with loosely held electrons (copper)

• Insulators: materials with electrons tightly bound to their atoms (clay, rubber)

Next Question

Waves Define a wave.

• A wave is a traveling disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another

Name some types of waves.• Some types of waves include sound,

seismic, water and light waves. Which type does not need matter to

travel?• Light waves do not need matter to

travelNext Question

Periodic Table Information What is the periodic table of element

s? Identify the part of the element squa

re on the periodic table.

Next Question

Periodic Table Information The table is an organizational table

developed by Mendeleev in 1869. Elements are arranged in rows by

increasing atomic number. Elements in the same column have

similar chemical properties.

Next Question Back to Periodic Table Information

Periodic Table Information

Next Question Back to Periodic Table Information

H

1 1.00794

Hydrogen

Atomic Number Atomic Mass

Symbol

Element Name

Changes in Matter What is a physical

change in matter? (Give Examples) What is a chemical

change in matter? (Give Examples)

Next Question

Physical Change in Matter A change in the phase (state) of

matter. Or, a change in which parts do not

lose their identity Examples:

• Ice melting to water; sugar dissolving in water

Next Question Back to Changes in Matter

Chemical Change in Matter A reaction that causes a change in

the properties of matter. It is usually difficult to reverse. Examples:

• Spilling bleach on a pair of jeans, changing the color.

• A stick burning in a campfire.

Next Question Back to Changes in Matter

Force, Acceleration, Friction Describe how force, acceleration and

mass relate in the action of kicking a soccer ball.

What is friction? How does it affect acceleration of a soccer ball.

Next Question

Describe how force, acceleration and mass relate in the action of kicking a soccer ball.

F = m*a (Newton’s second law of motion. Force applied to the mass results in

acceleration. The greater the force applied to a given

mass, the greater the acceleration. Therefore, if you kick the soccer ball with more force, it will speed up faster.

Next Question Back to Force, Acceleration, friction

What is friction? How does it affect acceleration in the action of kicking a soccer ball?

Friction is a surface force directly opposing.

Friction decreases the speed of a moving object.

A soccer ball kicked opposing relative on the ground will lose speed faster than a ball kicked in the air.

Next Question Back to Force, Acceleration, friction

Conserving Energy What is the law of conservation of

energy? Give some examples of conserving

energy resources.

Next Question

What is the law of conservation of energy? In any physical or chemical change,

energy is neither created nor destroyed.

Next Question Back to Conserving Energy

Conserving Energy Recycling Buying fuel-efficient automobiles Riding a bike instead of driving Insulating buildings

Next Question Back to Conserving Energy

Radioactivity Define radioactivity Give an example of one beneficial us

e of radioactivity.

Next Question

Define Radioactivity Spontaneous release of energy by

certain atoms, such as uranium, as these atoms disintegrate.

It is the emission of one or more kinds of radiation from an isotope with unstable nuclei

Next Question Back to Radioactivity

Beneficial Example of Radioactivity Helps doctors to see the

development of cancer by using radioactive liquid traveling throughout the body.

The radioactive liquid highlights masses in the body and projects those masses to an x-ray

Next Question Back to Radioactivity

Ozone Layer What is the ozone layer and why is it

important? W hy are there “holes”

in the ozone layer over the South Pole? W hat is being done about CFC ’s?

Next Question

What is the ozone layer? The ozone layer is a layer in the

stratosphere that absorbs ultraviolet rays from the sun

This keeps most of the life-harming rays from reaching the Earth’s surface

Next Question Back to Ozone Layer

Why are their holes in the ozone layer? Certain chemicals react with ozone,

destroying it. Chlorofluorcarbons (CFC’s) once

used in refrigerators and aerosol cans were released into the atmosphere.

The CFC’s destroyed the ozone layer creating a “hole” or thin layer – especially over the Antarctic


What is being done about CFC’s? In 1986 the International Congress

in Montreal produced a treaty to reduce and then ban CFC production by 1996


Scientific Method Organize the following

steps to scientifically solve a problem:

1. Develop a hypothesis

2. Ask a question based on observation

3. Draw conclusion

4. Test hypothesis5. Plan test with

materials and methods.

6. Do background research

7. Report findings8. Record and

analyze data

Next Question

1

23

4

5

67

8

Hit enter to see correct sequence!

Evolution and Scientists The individuals listed below played a

role in the development of evolutionary theory. Match them with their concept.

Next Question

Click to see list

Evolution and Scientists - List

a) Charles Darwinb) Jean Baptist

Lamarkc) Charles Lyelld) Thomas

Malthus e) Gregor Mendel

1. The earth is very old, and it was formed by gradual processes

2. Events during an organism’s lifetime can produce changes that can be inherited

3. The human population was growing so rapidly that it would someday exceed available resources

4. Organisms that are best adapted to their environment survive

5. Offspring can resemble or differ from parents because of the “unit of inheritance (gene).

Next Question Click or hit enter to see matches

Mitosis or Meiosis

1. Haploid daughter cell2. Daughter cells are

identical3. Homologous chromosomes

form tetrads4. Two consecutive cell

divisions5. Chromosome number is

maintained

Mitosis Meiosis

Next Question

Mitosis or Meiosis





maintained

Mitosis Meiosis

Wrong

Next Question

Mitosis or Meiosis





maintained

Mitosis Meiosis

Correct

Next Question

Mitosis or Meiosis





maintained

Mitosis Meiosis

Next Question

Correct

Mitosis or Meiosis





maintained

Mitosis Meiosis

Next Question

Wrong

Mitosis or Meiosis





maintained

Mitosis Meiosis

Next Question

Correct

Mitosis or Meiosis





maintained

Mitosis Meiosis

Next Question

Wrong

Mitosis or Meiosis





maintained

Mitosis Meiosis

Next Question

Correct

Next Question

North Canton Hoover High School OGT SCIENCE REVIEW.

Documents

Transcript of North Canton Hoover High School OGT SCIENCE REVIEW.