North and South

Chapter 13

The North’s Economy Influenced greatly by technology and

industry. Mass Production became common and

soon factories would take over 2/3 of the countries goods.

Transportation was greatly improved. Steamboats were developed – they

carried both passengers and goods. Steam Locomotives would fail, but soon

after engineers would improve their engines.

Machine belt…

The North cont…

Railroads Between 1840-1860 rail roads would

gradually connect making a track uniting the Midwest and the East.

Railroads also played a role in industrialization and settlement of the Midwest.

Communication in the North

The vast growth of industry called for a faster method of communication. The telegraph, which transports

electrical signals, filled that need. Soon Morse code, a series of dots and

dashes that represent letters of the alphabet, was developed.

Finally a faster version of the printing press was developed to spread the news.

Farming in the North Not only were the factories improved,

but so were the farms of the North. Various heavy-duty farming machines

were developed to stand up to the tough soil of the prairies.

Cash Crops, selling part of your crop for cash, now became a much bigger idea. With the development in transportation

farmers were able to sell their crops to more distant locations.

The People of the North With the development of factory

systems the conditions inside worsened. Workers worked longer hours, accidents

became more common, machinery in factories was unstable, factories were at uncomfortable temperatures, wages were low.

In 1830’s the workers began to organize against these conditions.

Greater attempts to organize With the fear of factory growth Trade

Unions, organization of workers with the same trade or skill, began to form.

Unskilled workers, those who did not have a particular “talent” also banned together in an effort to fight working conditions.

In New York skilled workers would go on strike, however it was not legal to strike in all states.

African American Workers

Although slavery was mostly gone from the North discrimination was not. Free African Americans generally were

not allowed to vote, attend public schools, and obtain the same jobs as whites.

They took the lowest paying jobs there were to offer.

Women Workers

Employers also discriminated against women workers. They were paid less than men were for

the same exact job. They were excluded from many unions. Some women would form together to

make their own union. Many early efforts of women to gain

equality in the work place were failed.

Immigrants in the North Between 1840-1860 there was a large

tide of Immigrants who flooded the cities of the North who worked for long hours and low pay. The largest group of Immigrants at this

time came from Ireland, because a potato famine caused many to leave their homes for America.

The second largest group was the German immigrants.

Immigrants changing the nation These immigrants changed the character of

the united States. They brought their languages, religion, customs

and ways of life with them. Many Catholic immigrants came in with the new

flow – not many had taken residence in the North yet.

However, some Americans believed that the immigrants were changing the character of the United States too much. The Immigrants too would face discrimination

and prejudice.

The South Land/Economy Cotton crop had grown large and soon

became the leading crop. Cotton –This was the “King” and the main topic

of conversation in the south. The leading crop was revolutionized with the

invention of the cotton gin. The removal of the Native Americans from the

southeast allowed for the cotton crops to expand.

The demand for cotton in Great Britain kept the cotton fields filled and flowing.

Industry? I think not! Although industry was flourishing in

the North the South stayed mainly Rural. The south’s economy became

increasingly different from the north’s economy. One reason was the boom of cotton sales

and growth. Another reason was because southerners

had their money in land and slaves, there was not much left to put towards industry.

The South…

Some factories did open based on the fear that the South might become too dependent on the North for manufactured goods.

The transportation grew slowly Their railways were short and slow

growing.

The South’s People Small farmers who did not own slaves made

up a majority of the white, male population. They owned and farmed their own land.

Not all southern whites owned their own land. Tenant farmers were farmers that rented or

worked someone else's land. Large Plantation owners generally lived

comfortably in large farm homes. They generally measured their wealth by the

number of slaves they owned.

The South’s People The Women-

Plantation wives were generally in charge of watching over the enslaved people.

The African Americans- They faced many tough days.

They had to worry about being sold and separated from their loved ones.

They had to endure misery and pain. They worked long hard hours in various weather

conditions. They were ALWAYS busy doing hard labor,

women and children included.

The South’s People cont… Some Slaves resisted-

The Slaves would rebel against their masters. They fought against the poor treatment and

harsh work they were forced to do. The cities in the south were populated

with a variety of different people. Free African Americans White city dwellers Some enslaved workers