7/27/2019 north america.docx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/north-americadocx 1/5

Timetable

FROM COLONIES TO NATION

1607 English settlers establish a colony at Jamestown in Virginia.

1733 The first settlement in Georgia is started

1763 Britain defeats France in the French and Indian war.

1765 The Stamp Act Congress challenges Parliament’s right to tax the

colonists.

1770 The Boston Massacre heightens tensions.

1774 The first Continental Congress protest the Intolerable Acts

1775 Colonial militia rout troops at Lexington and Concord

1776 The colonies declare their independence

1781 Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown

1783 The treaty of Paris ends the Revolutionary war 

1788 The Constitution is ratified

1791 The Bill of Rights is adopted

13 colonies:  New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New

York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North

Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia

  First to be establish was Jamestown (in honor of King James) 1607 by

John Smith- present day Virginia.  1619 Plymouth colony was founded by Separatist or Puritans- present

day Massachusetts

  Those who do not agree with the rules in the colony founded by the

Puritans in Massachusetts establish a colony on Rhode Island,

Connecticut, New Hampshire and Maine.

7/27/2019 north america.docx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/north-americadocx 2/5

   New York, New Jersey, Delaware were founded by Dutch but in they

were expatriated by British Parliament and in 1664 King Charles II of 

England gave it to the duke of York ( James II)

  Pennsylvania( Penn’s wood) given by Charles II to William Penn,

Maryland ( Mary Queen of Scots) was given by King Charles I to George

Calvert, 1663 Charles II gave a piece of land to enterprising noblemen

and establish the Carolina colony (in honor of King Charles, Latin

Carolus). These colonies were established as a sole proprietorship.

  Georgia (in honor to King George II) was given by King George II to

James Oglethorpe

Causes of migration to New England (America):

  To discover gold or silver.

  To find a water route to the Pacific.

  To build communities where they would be free to practice their religious

 beliefs.

  To have a good farmland

  Proprietorship

Triggering the Revolution toward Independence

  Laws passed by the Parliament that restricts colonial trade and industry,

seeks revenue

1.  Navigation Acts of 1660 and 1663  –  requires colonies to sell raw

materials (tobacco, sugar, indigo) only to England and its possessions

2.  Hat Act (1732)- exportation of hats were made illegal

3.  Iron Act (1750)- outlawed the colonial manufacture of iron goods.4.  Sugar Act (1764) - new taxes on the imports of the colonies (sugar,

coffee, wine)

5.  Quartering Act (1765)  –  requires colonists to provide quarters and

supplies to living troops.

7/27/2019 north america.docx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/north-americadocx 3/5

6.  Stamp Act (1765) – taxed on printed matters (newspapers, pamphlets,

 playing cards, licenses, deeds etc.)

7.  Townshend Act (1767) – tax on everyday items ( paint, glass, tea)

8.  Tea Act (1773)

9.  Intolerable Acts (1774)  Boston massacre

-  1774 colonists meet in a Continental Congress (Philadelpia) to protest

against the Intolerable Acts

-  The colonists fight at Lexington and Concord (April 1775)

  George Washington- Commander 

-  The colonies moved toward Independence

  Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

-  1776 broke ties with Britain-  July 4, 1776 Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of 

Independence by Thomas Jefferson (based on John Locke’s theory of natural

rights)

-  Victory at Saratoga is the turning point of the war (1777)

  Gen. Sir John Burgoyne surrender to Horatio Gates

  Impressed Britain’s enemies in Europe ( 1778, France aided

America: later Spain and Netherlands also backed the American

cause)-  British surrender at Yorktown (October 1781)

-  The Treaty of Paris 1783 (signed by US, Britain, France, Netherlands,

Spain) ends the war.

  America’s territory stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to the

Mississippi River 

-  May 1787 establishes a Constitution

-  1788 Constitution is Ratified

-  1791 Adopted the Bill of Rights

The Civil War 

Differences between the North and South of America increase

7/27/2019 north america.docx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/north-americadocx 4/5

  Tariffs

-  The North welcomed the tariffs; South opposed the tariffs

  States’ rights- principle that all powers not specifically be given to the

federal government by the Constitution belong to the individual states

-  South favors and views as a way to stay to the Union; North argued

that states, right would break the Union apart.

  Expansion of Slavery

-   North: abolition ; South: expansion

Debate over Slavery leads to war.

  Republican Party was formed on the pledge to end slavery

  Abraham Lincoln was elected in 1860, seven states secede; seven states

formed the Confederate States of America, with Jefferson Davis as their 

 president.

  April 1861 civil war breaks out

  Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces fired

upon Fort Sumter, a key fort held by Union troops in South Carolina.

Lincoln called for each state to provide troops to retake the fort;

consequently, four more slave states joined the Confederacy, bringing their 

total to eleven. The Union soon controlled the border states and established

a naval blockade that crippled the southern economy.  The Eastern Theater was inconclusive in 1861 – 62. The autumn 1862

Confederate campaign into Maryland (a Union state) ended with

Confederate retreat at the Battle of Antietam, 

dissuading British intervention.

  Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which made ending slavery

a war goal.

  To the west, by summer 1862 the Union destroyed the Confederate river 

navy, then much of their western armies, and the Union siege of Vicksburg split the Confederacy in two at the Mississippi River.

  In 1863, Robert E. Lee'sConfederate incursion north ended at the Battle of 

Gettysburg. Western successes led to Ulysses S. Grant's command of all

Union armies in 1864.

7/27/2019 north america.docx

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/north-americadocx 5/5

  In the Western Theater, William T. Sherman drove east to

capture Atlanta and marched to the sea, destroying Confederate

infrastructure along the way. The Union marshaled the resources and

manpower to attack the Confederacy from all directions, and could afford to

fight battles of attrition through the Overland Campaign towards Richmond,the Confederate capital.

  The defending Confederate army failed, leading to Lee's surrender to Grant

at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. All Confederate generals

surrendered by that summer.

  1865 slavery was abolished through the ratification of the Thirteenth

Amendment

Sources:

  Beringer, Richard E., Archer Jones, and Herman Hattaway, Why the South Lost 

the Civil War (1986) influential analysis of factors; an abridged version is The

 Elements of Confederate Defeat: Nationalism, War Aims, and Religion (1988)

  Bestor, Arthur. "The American Civil War as a Constitutional Crisis,"  American

 Historical Review (1964)

  Catton, Bruce, The Civil War , American Heritage, 1960

  Davis, William C. The Imperiled Union, 1861 – 1865 3v (1983)

  Donald, David et al. The Civil War and Reconstruction (latest edition 2001   Eicher, David J., The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War ,

(2001),   Perry, Marvin. A History of the World