1

Voice Fundamentals

2

Agenda

> Introduction to PBXs & Key Systems• BCM • CS1000 / Meridian Family

> Understanding Lines & Trunks• Positioning IP vs. TDM

> Q & A

> Voicemail Overview

> Engineering Considerations• System Licensing

> Dialing Plans• E911

> Concluding Remarks / Q & A

3

> Three elements are necessary for telecommunications: • a sending device• a transmission medium• a receiving device

Sender

Transmission Medium

(telephone wires)

Receiver

The Elements of Telecommunication

PSTN

New York

Toronto

CO CO

CO

CO

** Notes:

CO = Central Office ( Verizon, Sprint, etc..)

PSTN = Public Switched Telephony Network (Telecom Industry’s Backbone Network of CO’s)

> Key Telephone System (KTS) – Norstar • provides basic local multi-line call handling• used for small businesses

> Hybrid Key Telephone System – BCM Family• provides a mix of Key System and PBX capabilities• used by mid-sized businesses

> Private Branch Exchange (PBX) – CS1000/ M1 Family• provides sophisticated call management• used by high call volume businesses

Telephone Systems

PSTN

New York

Toronto

CO CO

CO

CO

> Smaller office environments

> Reduce the number of lines to carrier

> Incoming calls are visible to all phones

> Limited number of ports available

Key Systems

PSTN

New York

Toronto

CO CO

CO

CO

PSTN (Public Switched

Telephony Network)

> Used in big office environments

> Intelligent switching between trunks

PBX

PBX

PBX

Private Branch eXchange (PBX)

> TDM (Time Division Multiplexing)• Circuit Switched Networking

• Dedicated communication path “hard-wired” between 2 devices• Guaranteed Connection, inefficient use of bandwidth

• Types of TDM communication:• Digital (Trunks / Stations)• Analog (Trunks / Stations)

> VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)• Packet Switched Networking

• Voice conversation broken up into packets, traverses IP network• Communication path between 2 devices neither fixed, nor guaranteed

• Allows for more efficient use of network bandwidth• Requires appropriate engineering considerations:

• What if there’s a lot of data traffic on my network (email, web surfing…?)• What if packets arrive out of order ?• What if certain packets are delayed ?• What if Packets are lost?

TDM? VoIP? LMNOP? … Huh?

8

192 digital stations or up to 90 IP telephones

per system

3-20 users optimal, growth to 40+ users

32 digital stations or up to 90 IP telephones

per system

> Positioned as a small system IP / TDM PBX… • Programming-wise, more of a Key System

Introduction to the BCM FamilyBusiness Communications Manager (BCM)

9

BCM50

> 4 analog trunks

> 12 digital stations

> 4 analog stations

> 32 IP stations

> 12 IP trunks

> 1 Dedicated RJ-45 LAN ports

> 2 dual purpose RJ-45 LAN / Expansion ports

> 1 Dedicated OA&M port

BCM50e

> All features of BCM50

> Small business routing

> 5 IPSec VPN tunnels

> Ethernet WAN

> 3 additional LAN ports

> Based on Nortel VPN Router 221 (Contivity)

BCM50a

> All features of BCM50e

> ADSL Modem WAN

> Based on Nortel VPN Router 251 (Contivity)

BCM50 Expansion

> Up to 2 units can be attached to any version of BCM50

> Expands capacity for trunks, stations

> RJ-45 LAN port (dual purpose port preservation)

> Supports existing BCM MBMs

• 4x16 Combo• ASM8• DTM• BRI• DSM16 / 32• GATM4 / 8

BCM 50: Product Overview

Note: The current BCM 50 software (1.0 code) has a slightly different feature set than the BCM 200/400 today (4.0 Code)

10

Option 11C Cabinet Core/Network

Core/Network

IPE

Core/Network

Core/Network

IPEIPE

Inter-group

Option 81C

Option 11C Mini

IPE

Core/Network

Core/Network

Option 61C

20-120 Lines

Up to 700 LinesUp to 2000 Lines

Up to 16,000 Lines

****Note - Earlier Models: 21, 21c, 51, 51c, 61, 71, 71 C, 81, XT, NT

Meridian 1: Fully-featured PBX (TDM)Introduction to the Merdian1 / CS 1000

11

100-15,000 UsersIP-TDM Mix

Communication Server1000M

100-1000 UsersIP Predominant

Communication Server1000S

Up to 15,000 UsersIP Predominant

Communication Server1000E

> Wide range of Call Servers provides the right solution for each site

> Newest Call Server - Communication Server 1000E• Industry-standard processing: Motorola cPCI chassis, Pentium CPU• VxWorks Real-Time Operating System• Rack-mounted and distributable• Deployed redundantly• Highly scalable

CS 1000: Fully-featured PBX (IP/TDM/or Hybrid) Introduction to the Merdian1 / CS 1000

12

Agenda

> Introduction to PBXs & Key Systems• BCM • CS1000 / Meridian Family

> Understanding Lines & Trunks• Positioning IP vs. TDM

> Q & A

> Voicemail Overview

> Engineering Considerations• System Licensing

> Dialing Plans• E911

> Concluding Remarks / Q & A

13

PSTN

New York

Toronto

CO CO

CO

CO

CO

CO

From the CO perspective:Trunk = CO to COLine = CO to Customer Premise

From the Phone System perspective: Trunk = Phone System to COTrunk = Phone System to Phone SystemLine (Station)= Phone System to Phone

Trunks - Phone System to PSTNWhose Line is it Anyway ?

14

> Analog Trunks• One voice connection per trunk

• Loop Start with or without Calling Line ID• Ground Start• DID - Direct Inward Dial

• Routes call directly to station• E&M Tie Lines

• Routes calls from one customer owned phone system to another

• Standard Voice Network Trunking Technologies• Local Central Office Trunks (COT)• Foreign Exchange Office (FXO)• Foreign Exchange Station (FXS)• Direct Inward Dialing (DID) Tie Trunks• 2 Wire and 4 Wire - Ear and Mouth (E&M)

Type I – V Tie Trunks

Trunk Types - Analog

PSTN

New York

Toronto

CO CO

CO

CO

15

> Digital Trunks• Multiple connections per trunk

• T1/DS1 (24 channels) deployed in N. America & Japan• E1 (30 channels) for rest of world• ISDN PRI is a digital service on either T1 or E1

• Standard Voice Network Trunking Technologies• Digital Trunk Interface (DTI) – DS1

• Channel Associated Signaling (CAS)• Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

• Common Channel Signaling (CCS)• Primary Rate Interface (ISDN - PRI)• Basic Rate Interface (ISDN - BRI)

Trunk Types - Digital

PSTN

New York

Toronto

CO CO

CO

CO

16

> ISDN Basics: Available in 2 Versions:• Basic Rate Interface (BRI)

• 2 B-Channels 64Kbps for voice data• 1 D-Channel 16Kbps for signalling

• Primary Rate Interface (PRI)• 1 D-Channel 64Kbps for signaling• 23 B-Channels 64Kbps for voice data (US + Japan)

• 30 B-Channels 64Kbps for data (Rest of World)

Trunk Types – Digital (cont.)

17

> IP Trunks• One voice connection per trunk • Available Signaling Protocols for IP trunking

• H.323• SIP

• Liken this to D-Channel signaling on a PRI

Trunk Types - IP

PSTN

New York

Toronto

CO CO

CO

CO

18

> Analog Trunks (Hardware, No Licenses Necessary)

• Global Analog Trunk Module (GATM4 or GATM8)• GATM4 or GATM8 Supports up to 4 or 8 Analog Trunks

> Digital Trunks (Hardware, No Licenses Necessary)

• Digital Trunk Module (DTM)• Supports 1 T1, E1, or ISDN-PRI Trunk

• BRI Module (BRI S/T)• Supports up to 4 ISDN-BRI Trunks

> IP Trunks (Software Licenses Only)

• BCM VoIP Gateway License • H.323 Trunk Licenses sold in groups of 1,2,4,8,16,or 32 (depending on system)

• BCM SIP Gateway License- ***BCM 4.0, BCM50 2.0***• SIP Trunk Licenses sold in groups of 1,2,4,8,16,or 32 (depending on system)

BCM Orderable Trunks

19

CS1000 Orderable Trunks

> Analog Trunks (Hardware, No Licenses Necessary)

• Card 8-Port Universal Trunk• 8 Analog Trunks per card

• Card 4-port Extended E and M Trunk XEM• 4 Analog Tie Trunks

> Digital Trunks (Hardware, No Licenses Necessary)

• Dual Port DTI/PRI Package (CS1000 SG/MG only)

• E1 - Dual Port DTI2 / PRI2 Package (CS1000 SG/MG only)

• TMDI DTI/PRI Package (CS1000 Cabinet/ Chassis/ S)

• E1 - 2.0MB DTI Package (CS1000 Cabinet/ Chassis/ S)

• E1 - 2.0MB PRI Package (CS1000 Cabinet/ Chassis/ S)

> IP Trunks (Software Licenses Only)

• SIP Access Port License (sold individually)

• H.323 Access Port License (sold individually)

20

Line Types / Station Types

> Types of Lines/Stations:

• Analog• Basic Functionality (your home phone)

• Digital • Enhanced Features & Functionality – Differ by System • Proprietary signaling to phones – Differ by System

• IP• Similar to digital but uses IP Network• Gives phones greater application capability

> Required System Components• Phone system I/O hardware needed for TDM Lines…

• CS1000 Terminology – Line Cards• BCM Terminology – Station Modules

• Software Licenses • May be required for TDM Phones – Differ by System • Always required for IP Phones

PSTN

CO CO

CO

CO

New York

21

Line Types / Station Types (contd.)

> *** Notes:

> A given Station Type (IP, Digital, Analog) is not required to use the same Trunk Type • For Example: An IP phone can call a phone on another system using a digital,

analog, or IP trunk• A phone’s access to a given trunk is granted through system programming

> A phone call between phones on the same system requires no trunk.

> Digital Phones: Proprietary signaling & feature-set specific to a given Phone System• T-Series Supported on BCM Only• 3900 Series Supported on M1/CS1000 Only

> IP Phones: 2000 Series, 1100 Series, 2200 Series• Common Across Both Portfolio’s (BCM & CS1000) • Different firmware, Different feature-set for each system

A given station (IP, Digital, Analog) is not required to use the same Trunk Type … (i.e. An IP phone can call a phone on another system using a digital, analog, or IP trunk).

A phone call between phones on the same system require No Trunk.

22

BCM Orderable Lines / Stations

> Analog

• BCM Hardware: Analog Station Modules• GASM8 – Global Analog Station Module (Supports up to 8 phones)

• Available Telephones:• Any Analog Phone

> Digital

• BCM Hardware: Digital Station Modules• DSM 16 or 32 – Digital Station Module (Support 16 or 32 digital phones)

• Available Telephones: • T-Series digital phones (Norstar M-Series phones supported)

> IP

• Software Licenses on System (No additional Hardware)• IP Telephony Client Licenses (Sold in seats of 1,4,8,16,or 32)

• Available Telephones:• 2000 series IP Phones• 2200 series VoWLAN (Voice over WLAN) Phones• 1100 series IP Phones***BCM 4.0, BCM50 2.0***

23

CS1000 Orderable Lines / Stations

> Analog

• CS1000 Hardware/Software: Analog Line Cards• Extended Analog Message Waiting Line Card (Supports up to 16 Analog Phones)

• Available Telephones:• Any Analog Phone + CLASS or Analog User License (sold in groups of 8)

> Digital

• CS1000 Hardware/Software: Digital Line Cards• XDLC: 16-Port Extended Digital Line Card (Supports up to 16 digital sets)

• Available Telephones:• 3900 series digital phones + Digital User License (sold in groups of 8)

> IP

• Software Licenses:• Basic IP User Licenses (sold in groups of 8)• IP User Licenses (sold in groups of 8)

• Available Telephones:• 2000 series IP Phones• 1100 series IP Phones***BCM 4.0, BCM50 2.0***• 2200 series VoWLAN Phones

24

Snapshot of Nortel’s Phone Portfolio

Audio Conferencing UnitAudio Conferencing Unit

25

‘Oversubscription’ of Lines to Trunks

DID #’s : Trunks Trunks : Phones

Central Office

PSTN

> Not every phone will be utilizing an outside trunk at the same time> Rule of Thumb… Provision 4:1 Phones to Trunks

• *** Call Center Environment is the exception…closer to 1:1

> DID #’s purchased from your Provider are often oversubscribed to trunks in a similar manner

• *** Not every phone requires a DID #.

26

Agenda

> Introduction to PBXs & Key Systems• BCM • CS1000 / Meridian Family

> Understanding Lines & Trunks• Positioning IP vs. TDM

> Q & A

> Voicemail Overview

> Engineering Considerations• System Licensing

> Dialing Plans• E911

> Concluding Remarks / Q & A

27

• New Applications• Application Gateway, MCS, …

• Mobility• Virtual Office, Softphones, …

• Service Continuity• Failover Scenarios

• Increased Productivity• Combination of the above 3 !!!!

• Reduced Costs• Site-to-Site Toll Bypass, Conferencing, Management…

VoIP and Network ConvergenceWhat Are The Key Benefits?

28

> IP Network Concerns• Packet Loss• Delay• Jitter

> Network Security

> PoE • Digital & Analog phones require no AC power supply.• Purely TDM systems, power redundancy provided in centralized location.

> Wiring Considerations• Single network drops available?• Cat3, Cat5, Cat6 ?

VoIP and Network ConvergenceNetwork Considerations

29

VoIP and Network ConvergenceKey Message

VoIP Technologies provide a wide variety of benefits to our customers (New Apps, Mobility, Disaster Recovery).

However, the voice quality and the system reliability are only as good as the Data Network it runs upon!!

Position VoIP where it makes sense (lineside, trunkside, …). Remind your customers that Nortel provides them with the most flexibility in their deployment options (New System or Upgrade).

30

Agenda

> Introduction to PBXs & Key Systems• BCM • CS1000 / Meridian Family

> Understanding Lines & Trunks• Positioning IP vs. TDM

> Q & A

> Voicemail Overview

> Engineering Considerations• System Licensing

> Dialing Plans• E911

> Concluding Remarks / Q & A

31

Agenda

> Introduction to PBXs & Key Systems• BCM • CS1000 / Meridian Family

> Understanding Lines & Trunks• Positioning IP vs. TDM

> Q & A

> Voicemail Overview

> Engineering Considerations• System Licensing

> Dialing Plans• E911

> Concluding Remarks / Q & A

32

Voicemail Ports : Voicemail Boxes

> Both Voicemail Boxes & Voicemail Ports must be provisioned on the System• A Voicemail Port is used whenever a user calls into the system to receive a message.

> Since fewer people access Voicemail than Trunks at any given time, ‘Oversubscription’ of Voicemail Boxes to Ports follow a different Rule of Thumb.

> Rule of Thumb… Provision (25-40 Voicemail Boxes : 1 Voicemail Port)• Smaller Sites with < 100 users will often have fewer (Voicemail Boxes : Ports )

> When in doubt, refer to EC for Engineering suggestions regarding Voicemail

Voicemail Overview

33

What Is Unified Messaging?

> Voice, fax, and e-mail messaging within a single interface

> Access to messages from the desktop e-mail client, Web interface, or telephone

> Single message access point - Users spend less time accessing their messages

> Access to messages while traveling, working at home, or on the move

34

Introduction To CallPilot

> Call Pilot - Nortel’s Unified Messaging Product for CS1000 & BCM

Voice Mail… but so much more!

35

Introduction To CallPilot (contd.)

> In addition to Unified Messaging, Call Pilot provides:

• Auto Attendant - “Hello, Welcome to Nortel...”• Custom Call Routing – “Press 1 for Sales, 2 for support…”• Integrated Fax Messaging

• * Web Interface to Messages (My CallPilot)• * Speech Activated Messaging

• Access to Voicemail via Spoken Commands

• * Email Messages by Phone • * MCS – Instant Messaging Integration

*Note: Available on CS1000 Only

36

Agenda

> Introduction to PBXs & Key Systems• BCM • CS1000 / Meridian Family

> Understanding Lines & Trunks• Positioning IP vs. TDM

> Q & A

> Voicemail Overview

> Engineering Considerations• System Licensing

> Dialing Plans• E911

> Concluding Remarks / Q & A

37

> Internal Numbering Plan (to each PBX/CO)

> Public Network Numbering Plan (E.164)

> Private Network Numbering Plan (Electronic Switched Network - ESN)

Voice Number Plan Domains – Logical!The 3 Types of Number Plan Domains Include…

38

Remote Tandem Hubs

IEC

LEC(972) 685 Exchange

Private Voice Network (Access Code 2) Public Voice Network

(Access Code 1)

Line-side Applications Processors (DN’s)

Voicemail

Interactive Voice Response (IVR)

Analog and Digital Terminals (DN’s)Local Satellite

Systems

Analog or Digital Trunks – COT, DID, E&M TIE, DTI, and ISDN-PRI

Terminal Lines (FXS)

Internal Domain

Public Network DomainPrivate Network Domain

Application Network Domains

Typical Voice Network with the 3 Numbering Plan Domains

39

Dialplan Design

> Remember the PBX was born from the PSTN topology

> The PSTN dialplan was a well thought out numbering plan that was built to last with room for expansion

> The PSTN routes calls in a very similar manor to the way an IP Network determines data traffic routing

47 . 186 . 177 . 190 1 - 973 – 285 - 5745

Class AClass BClass CClass D

CountryNPANXXDN

40

Private ESN Dialplans - CDP

3001

Call Server

3002 3003 3004 4001

Call Server

4002 4003 4004

DN Range 3XXX DN Range 4XXX

> Several forms of dialplan exist, all offering different capabilities for distributing numbers

> In any dialplan, each node needs a unique range of numbers, and they cannot be repeated across a network

> CDP or Coordinated Dial Plans are typically 4 digits, although they can be up to 7 digits in length

> Ranges of numbers a ‘steered’ over specific trunk routes to other nodes in the network via a Direct Steering Code or DSC

41

Private ESN Dialplans - UDP

3001

Call Server

3002 3003 3004 3001

Call Server

3002 3003 3004

DN Range 3XXX DN Range 3XXX

> When DN number uniqueness cannot be maintained due to the size of the network, or DID number range constraints the dialplan must move to a Universal Dial Plan or UDP format

> With UDP, each node is assigned a Location Code or LOC

> Calls are routed to the appropriate destination node via LOC Codes in the originating PBX NARS/BARS programming

> When the all reaches the destination PBX, the LOC is recognized as the Home LOC or HLOC, and is stripped off. The call can then terminate at the desired station based on the remaining digits

HLOC 325 HLOC 459

42

Agenda

> Introduction to PBXs & Key Systems• BCM • CS1000 / Meridian Family

> Understanding Lines & Trunks• Positioning IP vs. TDM

> Q & A

> Voicemail Overview

> Engineering Considerations• System Licensing

> Dialing Plans• E911

> Concluding Remarks / Q & A

43

Additional Resources

> Partner SoSE Session: Upgrading a Meridian 1 or CS1000 System to Release 4.5

https://app12.nortelnetworks.com/cgi-bin/partnerPage.cgi?curOid=12460&filename=/events/2006a/sose_jan18.html

> CS1000 & BCM NTPs

• https://app49.nortelnetworks.com/cgi-bin/HelmExpress/coll

> Meridian 1 / Communications Server 1000 – Life Cycle Management Status

• Bulletin Number: P-2006-0005-Global available at www.nortel.com/pic