Norms of Morality
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Transcript of Norms of Morality
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NORMS of MORALITY
LAW – (St.Thomas Aquinas)
Ordinance of reason for the common good promulgated by the person who takes charge of the community.
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Law . . .
1.Ordinance of reason –the means of the law must be based on the insight of reason.
it must be reasonable because it serves as a guide to promote what is right.
2. Common Good – the goal of the law must be for the good of the community on which it is imposed.
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Law . . .
• 3. by the person who takes charge of the society ordinances carry out the force of the law only if they are imposed by competent or legitimate authority
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4. Promulgated – made known to all through an official publication
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KINDS OF LAWS
Law – objective norm of morality
CATEGORY
1. NATURAL LAW
2. DIVINE LAW or ETERNAL LAW
3. MORAL LAW
4. HUMAN LAW
4.1. Civil law
4.2. Ecclesiastical Law
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NATURAL LAW
Refers to moral insights people are capable of knowing by means of their reason and independent of the verbal revelation of GOD.
-NATURAL means
1. Not supernatural
2. Not positive ( not emanating from the command of a legislative authority
3. found in and derived from nature of person.
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CONCEPT OF NATURAL LAW
• Natural law – is the law of human conduct which arises from human nature as ordered to its ultimate end and which is recognized by the natural light reason.
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Three Essential Characteristics
1. Universal – its primary principles are self-evident such that it is for all individuals with fully developed reason to have an invincible ignorance of them.
• 2.One and the same for all(unity and variability)– all peoples possesses equal moral dignity, hence they possess equal rights.
• 3. Immutable-can’t change in whatever is fundamentally good or evil
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DIVINE LAW or ETERNAL LAW
• GOD is the author of laws governing the universe. He designed all the laws of the universe in His Own infinite mind.
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The world is ruled by Divine Providence
The Law of Providence rests upon universal principles existing eternally in God to direct all actions and movements to their proper end.
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PEOPLE DISCOVER THE DIVINE LAW IN:
• 1. Physical law which rule both rational and non rational creatures.
• ( law of gravity,law of relativity, law of aging)• 2. biological law – governs the living things• ( digestive system, predictable patterns of growth,)• 3. Mathematical laws –governs abstract quantity• 4. natural law – which is a participation of the eternal
law in the rational creature
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MORAL LAW
• -CONTAINS TRUTHS AND ETHICAL PRINCIPLES WHICH GUIDES PEOPLES’S CONDUCT ON MATTERS OF RIGHT AND WRONG
• IT PRESCRIBES NORMS OF CONDUCT FOR ONE’S GOOD AND HAPPINESS AND SPECIFIES WHAT A PERSON OUGHT OR OUGHT NOT TO DO IN ORDER TO LEAD ONE TO THE HIGHEST GOOD AND ULTIMATE END – GOD
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Civil laws which are in accord with the natural moral law must be
Obeyed to ensure justice and order in the society.
e.g compulsory abortion
( citizens may disobey this civil law)
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Moral law ( Karl Peschke)
As a directive ordering a person’s activity towards the ultimate end.
- Obligatory demands
-counsel- Recommendations- Permissions- E.g. duty to honor
contracts, prohibitions on gatherings during epidemic
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Genuine moral law must be good and holy.
therefore moral laws must be formulated in such a way that even ordinary activities fulfill the task of realizing the final goal ( divine plan)
Man and woman has the natural inclination to goodness and the capacity to distinquish right and wrong.
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Moral Law as Revealed Law
1. Old Testament Law – its moral prescriptions are summed up in the decalogue
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2. New Law or the Law of the Gospel• - the perfection here
on earth of the divine law- natural and revealed
• - work of Christ expressed in the Sermon on the Mount
• ( interior law of charity)
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HUMAN LAWS
• DEALS WITH THE JURIDICAL ORDER OF THE SOCIETY:
• STATE• CHURCH• -maybe written or
unwritten• Legal traditions• customs
• Human Law is a directive of obligatory, general, and stable character for the common good, promulgated by one who is in charge of the society.
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FEATURES:
1. Human law is enforceable
- coercion is necessary to compel lawless members of society to obedience
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2.Human law is concerned with external conduct only
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3. Human law is limited to particular groups of people in contradistinction with natural law
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4. Human law is historically conditioned. As societies and their civilizations change , human laws change with them.
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5. Human laws have obligatoryforce but is open to exceptions and
dispensation
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1. Civil law – particular application of natural law in given societies
2. Church law – particular application of divine law to the Christian community
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NECESSITY OF HUMAN LAWS
1. Revealed law does not provide exact rules for every moral problem
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2.Frequently, natural moral law is not evident in its particular requirement
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3.There are several possible ways to comply with an obligation, but for the sake of public order, one must impose as binding for all
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4. Human law with its penal regulation is indispensable means for the education for people, particularly in times of frailty, and as a shield against human malice.