Normative_rumore_a_bordo_SOLAS.pdf

Noise & Vibrations: Norms andNoise & Vibrations: Norms and Requirementsq

ILO (International Labour Organisation)ILO (International Labour Organisation) ILO Code of Practice - Ambient Factors in the Work placeMaritime Labour Convention

Guideline B3.1.12 - Prevention of noise and vibration Guideline B4.3.2 - Exposure to noise Guideline B4.3.3 - Exposure to vibrationp

Fishing sector ILO Convention No.188 - Convention Concerning Work in the

Fishing SectorFishing Sector ILO Recommendation No.199 - Recommendation Concerning

Work in the Fishing SectorIMO (I i l M i i O i i )IMO (International Maritime Organisation)

IMO Resolution A.468(XII) IMO Resolution A.343(IX) (Measuremensts) SOLAS Chap II-1 Reg.36 (Ref to IMO A.468)

CLASSIFICATION SOCIETIES COMFORT CLASSESCLASSIFICATION SOCIETIES COMFORT CLASSES

AMBIENT:Max L dB(A)NR (Noise Rating)

TRANSMISSION PATH:Insulation IndexImpact noise level

WORKER:Noise DosePPEPPE

The International Labour Organization (ILO) is the tripartite UN agencyth t b i t th t l d k f it bthat brings together governments, employers and workers of its memberstates in common action to promote decent work conditions throughout theworld. Its main aims are to promote rights at work, encourage decent

l t t iti h i l t ti d t th di lemployment opportunities, enhance social protection and strengthen dialoguein handling work-related issues.

-ILO Code of Practice - Ambient Factors in the Work placeThis document discusses a wide range of potential hazards for workers in general.As regards noise, it gives suggestions on the prevention and control, healthsurveillance and training for workers

-ILO-Maritime Labour Convention (MLC) (2006)

ILO Conventions on Fishing sector-ILO Conventions on Fishing sector

Guideline B3.1.12 - Prevention of noise and vibrationGives general suggestions on the countermeasures to be taken in order to reducethe noise impact on board (e.g accommodation spaces as far as possible fromthe noise impact on board (e.g accommodation spaces as far as possible frommachinery, to use acoustic insulations, to provide machinery spaces of soundproofcontrol rooms..)Guideline B4.3.2 - Exposure to noiseGuideline B4.3.2 Exposure to noiseThe measures to be considered should include the following:

instruction of seafarers in the dangers to hearing and health ofprolonged exposure to high noise levels and in the proper use of noiseprolonged exposure to high noise levels and in the proper use of noiseprotection devices and equipment;provision of approved hearing protection equipment to seafarers wherenecessary;assessment of risk and reduction of exposure levels to noise in allaccommodation and recreational and catering facilities, as well as engine

d h hirooms and other machinery spaces.-Guideline B4.3.3 - Exposure to vibrationThe text follows word by word the preceding Guideline B4.3.2, substituting theword noise with vibration

Convention No.188 - Convention Concerning Work in the Fishing SectorThe competent authority shall take measures to limit excessive noise and vibration inThe competent authority shall take measures to limit excessive noise and vibration inaccommodation spaces and, as far as practicable, in accordance with relevantinternational standards.For vessels of 24 metres in length and over the competent authority shall adoptFor vessels of 24 metres in length and over, the competent authority shall adoptstandards for noise and vibration in accommodation spaces which shall ensure adequateprotection to fishers from the effects of such noise and vibration, including the effects ofnoise- and vibration-induced fatiguenoise- and vibration-induced fatigue.-Recommendation No.199 - Recommendation Concerning Work in the FishingSectorM t d ib ti it ff t t b id d h ld i l dMeasures to reduce vibration, or its effects, to be considered should include:instruction of fishers in the dangers to their health of prolonged exposure to vibration;provision of approved personal protective equipment to fishers; andassessment of risks and reduction of exposure in sleeping rooms, mess rooms... byadopting measures in accordance with the guidance provided by the (ILO) Code ofpractice and any subsequent revisions, taking into account the difference betweenexposure in the workplace and in the living space.

G li i Generalities

Limits on noise levels Limits on noise levels

Limits on noise exposure Limits on noise exposure

Limits on acoustic insulationLimits on acoustic insulation

AIM: The purpose of the code is to ensure suitable and safe conditions for workers on board preventing consequences of noise exposure like those reported below in order of seriousness i i d d h i l noise induced hearing loss interference with speech communication and with hearing audible alarms in

key position on board (impairing safety) generation of additional fatigue and stress for the crew exposed to noisy generation of additional fatigue and stress for the crew exposed to noisy

working environments lack of comfort in rest, recreation and other spaces, thus preventing recover

from the effects of exposure to high noise levelsp g

CONTENTS: Measurement procedures for noise levels, including: survey positions, p g y p

equipment specifications, signal processing, environmental and operating conditions for the vessels

Limits on maximum acceptable noise levels for all spaces to which seafarers normally have accessnormally have access

Characterisation of sound insulation performances and procedures for the experimental evaluation

Characterisation of the performances for personal ear protection devices and inherent minimum limits

APPLICATION: New ships with gross tonnage 1600 tons

E i ti hi ith GT1600 f bl d ti bl t Existing ships with GT1600 as far as reasonable and practicable to the satisfaction of the Administration

New ships

At portC h dli i i Cargo handling equipment operating

For vehicle carriers noise levels should be measured in cargo spaces during loading and discharging operationsM i hi ith ili ti Measures in machinery spaces with auxiliary operating

At sea Wind force 4 and sea state 3 should not be exceeded Loaded or ballast condition Machinery running at design service shaft speed. CPP in normal

seagoing position All auxiliary machinery, navigation instruments, radio and radar sets,

etc., normally, or likely to be, in use at any one time should operate th h t th t i dthroughout the measurement period.

Measures in spaces containing diesel engine-driven generators, fire pumps or other emergency equipment should be taken with the equipment operatingequipment operating

Mechanical ventilation and air conditioning = normal operation Doors and windows in general closed

Spaces should be furnished with all necessary equipment Spaces should be furnished with all necessary equipment

Limits are imposed in various locations on board on the sound pressure levels filtered according to the A filter.

0

2

1000

( )1[ ( ) ] 10logT

AA weighted re p

pL dB A dT p

This represents a limit to the perceived power (energy per unit time perceived by the human ear)The filtering action can be performed in the time domain (as above described by the term ) or in the frequency domain as earlier described:

Apor in the frequency domain as earlier described:

0

0

1010[ ( ) ] 10log 10

i re p iL dB AF

A weighted re pL dB A

The two procedures are equivalent, as long as T is a period in which the noise signal is stationary,

0 10A weighted re pi

so that the spectral contents (frequency decomposition) can be considered as constant with time.

original vs NEW proposals:

SPACE TYPENOTES dB (A)

M hi ( ti l d M hi S i l di t i i 90Machinery spaces (continuously manned Machinery Spaces, including steering engine 90

Machinery spaces (not continuously manned)In case of stopped machinery in machinery

spaces110

Machinery control rooms 75 -5 dB(A)Workshops 85 -5 dB(A)

Non-specified work spaces 90 -5 dB(A)Navigating bridge and chartrooms 65

Listening post, including navigating bridge* wings and windows

70=

Radio rooms (with radio equipment operating but 60

+5 not producing audio signals)

60 dB(A)Radar rooms 65 -5 dB(A)

Cabins and hospital 60 -5 dB(A)Mess rooms 65 -5 dB(A)

Recreation rooms 65 =Open recreation areas 75 -5 dB(A)

Offices 65 =

Galleys, without food processing equipment operating

75-5 dB(A)

p g

Serveries and pantries 75

Spaces not specified 90

Note: general trend towards more restrictive requirements

In some cases the noise rating number (NR) should be determined

Accommodation spaces subjectively annoying low frequency sound obvious tonal components

Machinery spaces equipment or machinery or part of machineryequipment or machinery or part of machinery

results in an emission of subjectively high frequency sound and in which the sound level of 105 dB(A) is exceeded( )

CODE LIMITS:NR < L[dB(A)]-5 for accommodation spaces NR< 105 for machineryNR< 105 for machinery

The philosophy behind the noise exposure limits is to ensure that seafarers will notbe exposed to an excessive noise energy within 24 hours (or other time periods,including anyway different levels in different stationary periods).g y y y p )The quantity to be considered would be an integral of power in time, like:

2

( )24 ApPerceived Energy hours d However, for homogeneity the same definition as earlier mentioned in the definition of levels is applied but on this occasion the time T is meant to be

024

24h

Perceived Energy hours dp

definition of levels is applied, but on this occasion the time T is meant to be longer (in general 24 hours)

2

100

( )124 10log24

A

h

pLeq hours dh p

If we suppose that the actual exposure to noise occurs for a time period shorterthan 24 hours (but stationary in time), we may find the maximum levels allowed

02424 hh p

than 24 hours (but stationary in time), we may find the maximum levels allowedfor a (shorter) time that are equivalent to a certain level acting for 24 hours. Therational behind the concept is that comparatively higher levels can be allowed forshorter periods of time.

log( ) log loga b a b log( ) log loglog( ) log log

a b a ba a b

2

log( ) log log

l ( ) 2 l

a bb

2log( ) 2 log

log(1) 0a a

log(1) 0 log( 1) 0a

EXAMPLE:Find a level of noise that applied for 8 hours is equivalent to 80 dB(A) applied for

24 hours24 hours

2

10( )180 24 10log

24ApLeq hours d

h p 024

2 2

10 10

24

( ) ( )1 8 110log 10log24 24 8

h

A A

h p

p phd dh p h h p

0 08 810

24 24 8810log ( )24

h h

x

h p h h ph dB Ah

24

1( ) 80 10log 84 77 85 ( )

h

dB A dB A

10( ) 80 10log 84.77 85 ( )3xdB A dB A

On the basis of what above we may establish the following levels applied for different time periods to be all correspondent to a Leq =80 dB(A)

EXPOSURE TIME [h]

Leq=80 Leq=105dB(A) dB(A)( ) ( )

24 80 10516 82 1078 85 1104 88 1132 91 1162 91 1161 94 119

Note: 10

110 log 32

Figure from IMO RES 468 (XII) (1981)

In general the norms use these criteria to establish limits on noise exsposure:

Maximum allowed exposure level for 8 hours (e.g. 90 dB(A) )Maximum allowed exposure level for 8 hours (e.g. 90 dB(A) ) Criterion for combining the effect of different types of exposure:

Exchange rate(e.r): how the level increase halving the exposure timeS ti f d tSummation of dose percentage

CASE1 CASE2 CASE3 CASE48h 90dBA 90 85 854 95 93 90 882 100 96 95 911 105 99 100 94

Lmax=90dBA Lmax=85dBAe.r=5dBA e.r=3 dBA e.r=5dBA e.r=3 dBA

Maximumexchange rateiL exchange rate2% 1008

i

i

tDose

D fi itiDefinition:

110 10 1 10 2 310 log 10log 10loga Wl dB W W WW W Where:W1= incident acoustic power

10 10 1 10 2 32 3

a W W

W2= acoustic power transmitted to the receiving ambient through the wallW3 = acoustic power transmitted to the receiving ambient through boundary

elements or other components

10 110log W W310 1g 10 2 310log W WW2

W3

In the norm indications also on the characteristics of the transmission path are given

ACOUSTIC INSULATION: the code gives limits for the airborne insulation index for bulkheads and decks

IMO Code: existing vs new proposalsCabin to cabin la=30dB 35

M iMess rooms, recreationrooms to cabins andhospitals

la=40 dB 45

Note: general trend towards more restrictive requirements

Chapter II-1 part C

Regulation 36 Protection against noise* Measures shall be taken to reduce machinery noise in machinery spaces toy y pacceptable levels as determined by the Administration. If this noise cannot besufficiently reduced the source of excessive noise shall be suitably insulated orisolated or a refuge from noise shall be provided if the space is required to bemanned. Ear protectors shall be provided for personnel required to enter suchspaces, if necessary.

*Refer to the Code on Noise Levels on Board Ships adopted by the Organization by resolution A.468(XII).

A reformulation of SOLAS Chap II 1 Reg 36 with the aim to make the noiseA reformulation of SOLAS Chap II-1 Reg.36, with the aim to make the noiselimits mandatory through the insertion of a more explicit reference to the Code isdebating at IMO

COMFORT CLASSES

In the 90s Classification Societies introduced in their Rules additional notationsIn the 90 s, Classification Societies introduced in their Rules additional notationsdealing with comfort on board ships. These COMF notations are based onstandards and guidance notes relating to noise and vibrations criteria. The aim ofthese additional notations is to evaluate the shipboard habitability and to assessthese additional notations is to evaluate the shipboard habitability and to assesswith an independent certification the well-being of crew and passengers on boardall kind of ships.

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3American Bureau of Korean Register of China Classification

Shipping (ABS) Shipping (KR) Society (CCS)Bureau Veritas (BV) Nippon Kaiji

Kyokav (ClassNK)Russian Maritime

Register of Shipping (RS)(RS)

Det Norske Veritas (DNV)

Indian Register of Shipping (IRS)

Germanisher Lloyd (GL)

Lloyd's Register (LR)

Registro Italiano

Group 1 : Completed and developed rules

Registro Italiano Navale (RINA)

Group 1 : Completed and developed rulesGroup2: General requirementsGroup 3: No rules for noise and vibration

About all Classification Societies belonging to IACS have rules covering this arguments:arguments:

Limits on noise and vibrations for crew (Ref IMO 468)

Limits on noise and vibration for passengers

Limits on acoustic insulation

Limits on impact noise levels

Society Type of Ship Length Speed Other charact.y yp p g p

ABSPassenger = =

With berth. cabinsWO berth. cabins

Cargo = =Passenger LBP 65 m =

C L 65BV Cargo LBP 65 m=

All ships LBP < 65 m =

DNV

Passenger

High SpeedLight Crafts

LBP > 50 mLBP < 50 mg LBP 50 m

Cargo

GL

CargoLBP > 80 m =

LBP < 80 m =

PassengerV 25 kn

GL PassengerV > 25 kn

High Speed C. VMax>7.16*1/6 [kt]

LRPassenger =

Cargo =Cargo

RINAPass.& Cargo LBP 65 m =

All ships LBP < 65 m =

Passengers

The type of use of the space Private (cabins) Public spaces

The noise level we expect to find High (discotheque)High (discotheque) Medium (restaurant) Low (libraries)

Th ti i t d t d i The time a passenger is expected to spend in a space Long stay (cinema, theatre, cabin..) Medium stay (restaurant) Short stay (shop) Passage (corridor)

Crew (Ref IMO 468)

Machinery and Work Spaces

Navigation Spaces

Accommodation SpacesAccommodation Spaces

Service spaces

operating conditions to be analyzed (with on field measurements)

American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)

Bureau Veritas(BV)





NCRandno less then 80% MCR

NCR

Contractual Seagoing Conditionor no less

Sea Mode:Contractual Service Speed

Worst condition between 0 and 85% MCRand

85% MCRandadditional measurements at MCR and80% MCR 85% MCR and85% MCR at MCR and x% MCR

ThrusterOperation:NCRandno less the70% MCR on each Thrusters

NCR= Nominal Continuous RateMCR= Maximum Continuous Rate

Equipment in operation


Bureau Veritas (BV)





All equipment running more than

All machinery and systems Essential auxiliary All auxiliaryAll rotating

machinery under normal operating conditions (NOC)

running more than 1/3 of the time at sea is to be run under normal operating conditions

All machinery is to be run under normal operating conditions

contributing to noise and vibrations is to be run under normal operating

diti

Essential auxiliary machinery is to be run under normal operating conditions

All auxiliary machinery is to be run under normal operating conditions

conditions conditions

HVAC (NOC)HVAC (Under full operating conditions)

HVAC (NOC) Stabilisers HVAC (NOC)

Waste Treatment equipment (NOC)

Swimming Pool

NOC= Normal Operating Condition

gand Jacuzzi equipment (NOC)

NOC Normal Operating ConditionHVAC= Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning

Prescriptions on ship course and water depth during measurements


Bureau Veritas (BV)





Ship Course = ConstantandRudder Angle =


Ship Course = ConstantandRudder Angle


Ship Course = ConstantandRudder Angle g

0 2g

0 2g

= 0 2g

0 2g

= 0 2

Water depth > M d ht 5

Water depth > M d ht

Water depth > M d ht Water depth >

Water depth > M d ht

Water depth > M d htMean draught x 5

or NOCMean draught x 5 or NOC

Mean draught x 3 or NOC

Water depth Mean draught x 5 Mean draught x 5

Mean draught x 10

Prescriptions on weather conditions during measurements


Bureau Veritas (BV)





Based on the most probable sea state condition (derived from

Weather condition 3 or Wind speed 4 Bft or less

Wind speed 4 Bft or less (for Wind speed 3 Bft or less(the future navigation

area of the vessel)less Bft or less

(noise) Bft or less

Sea state 3 or Sea state 3 Sea state 3 or Sea state 3 or Sea state 3 or 1 Sea state Sea state 3 or lessSea state 3 or less

Sea state 3 or less

Sea state 3 or less

Sea state 3 or less

AmericanBureau of Bureau Veritas(BV)

Det NorskeVeritas (DNV)

GermanisherLloyd (GL)

Lloyd'sRegister (LR)

RegistroItaliano Navale

Shipping (ABS) (BV) Veritas (DNV) Lloyd (GL) Register (LR) (RINA)

Normaloperatingconditions






LIMITSvibrations MAX vs min (Single frequency amplitude peak velocity values)

VIBRATION LIMITS [mm/s] According to the peak value of the signal is

TYPE OF SPACE[mm/s] According to

ISO 6954:1984Min Max

Passenger top level cabins 1,0 4,0

Passenger standard

p gconsidered

Passenger standard cabins 1,5 4,5

Outside installations (swimming pools,

sport decks, 2,5 6,5p ,promenade decks

Discotheque 2,0 5,5Restaurant, lounge 2,0 5,5

Libraries 1,5 4,5, ,Theatre 2,0 6,5Shops 1,5 5,5

Gymnasium 1,5 5,5Corridors 1,5 6,5Staircase 1,5 6,5Hospital 1,5 5,0

Table from RINa rules

Peak=1

2

1

22 2

2 1 0

1 1( ) sin ( )2

t

t

RMS f t dt t dtt t

Crest factor 1 for non perfect sinusoidal signals 12 1 0

2

0

1 1 1 sin cos2 2 2

t

tt t

g

0

1 1 1 1 1 12 sin(2 )cos(2 ) 0 sin(0)cos(0)2 2 2 2 2 2FC

LIMITSvibrations MAX vs min (Overall frequency weighted velocity rms values)

TYPE OF SPACE

VIBRATION LIMITS [mm/s] According to ISO 6954:2000

Min MaxPassenger top level

bi 0,8 2,6

Considering the signal weighted in frequencies in order to consider the

cabins 0,8 2,6

Passenger standard cabins 1,2 3,2

Outside installations (swimming pools,

t d k 2,0 4,0

contribution of the whole signal

sport decks, promenade decks

, ,

Discotheque 1,4 5,0Restaurant, lounge 1,4 3,4

Libraries 1,4 3,4Th t 1 4 3 4Theatre 1,4 3,4Shops 2,0 5,0

Gymnasium 1,4 5,0Corridors 2,0 5,0Staircase 2,0 5,0Hospital 1,4 3,4

2 Weighting factor for the i-th 1/3 octa e band

w i ii

v W v octave band

i

221 ( )

t

v v t dt Root Mean Square value for the velocity in the i-th 1/3 t b d12 1

( )it

v v t dtt t 1/3 octave band

TYPE OF SPACENOISE LIMITS [dB(A)]

LIMITSnoise MAX vs min

TYPE OF SPACEMin Max

Passenger top level cabins 44 56

Passenger standard cabins 45 60g

Outside installations (swimming pools, sport

decks, promenade decks64 75

dec s, p o e ade dec s

Discotheque 52 72Restaurant, lounge 52 65

Libraries 50 64Libraries 50 64Theatre 50 65Shops 52 65

Gymnasium 52 65Corridors 54 70Corridors 54 70Staircase 55 70Hospital 45 60

tapping machine

Corrective factor

' 10 l AL L dB100

10 logn iL L dBA

Li= the sound pressure level measured in the receiving ambient (=absorption coefficient, S=surface) equivalent absorbing area of the

receiving ambienti i

iA S

gA0= 10 m reference absorbing area

D fi itiDefinition:

110 10 1 10 2 310 log 10log 10loga Wl dB W W WW W Where:W1= incident acoustic power

10 10 1 10 2 32 3

a W W

W2= acoustic power transmitted to the receiving ambient through the wallW3 = acoustic power transmitted to the receiving ambient through boundary

elements or other components

10 110log W W310 1g 10 2 310log W WW2

W3

Max (more restrictive) vs Min (less restrictive) ( ) ( )

TYPE OF INSULATING WALLSound Insulation index R'w

[dB]Max Min

Cabin to Top level cabin 46 34Cabin to standard cabin 41 32

Top level cabin to corridor 43 32Cabin to corridor 38 30

Cabin to stairs 58 38Cabin to restaurant lounge 58 38

Cabin to libraries 58 38Cabin to shops 58 38Cabin to shops 58 38

Cabin to discotheques and show rooms 65 56Cabin to entertainment rooms 65 48

Cabin to engine rooms 64 38Machinery spaces to passenger areas 55 50Machinery spaces to passenger areas 55 50

Cabin to HVAC rooms 58 50Cabin to casing 60 52

Cabin to crew spaces 50 42Discotheques to stairwells and machinery r. 55 50

IMO Code (1981): first and effective set of requirements for ships (not compulsory) Update needed for measurem Techniques and(not compulsory). Update needed for measurem. Techniques and for limits

COMFORT CLASSES: comparatively recent, more restrictive, not compulsory

Developments:- how to account for frequency components:

dB(A) vs NR Numbers; ISO 6954(1984) vs ISO 6954(2000)

- influence of operating conditions: transient, off-design

Normative_rumore_a_bordo_SOLAS.pdf

Documents

Transcript of Normative_rumore_a_bordo_SOLAS.pdf