Normal or Reverse? Looking at the two types of vertical displacement in dip-slip faults using the...

17
Normal or Reverse? Looking at the two types of vertical displacement in dip-slip faults using the hanging wall method

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Page 1: Normal or Reverse? Looking at the two types of vertical displacement in dip-slip faults using the hanging wall method.

Normal or Reverse?

Looking at the two types of vertical displacement in dip-slip faults using

the hanging wall method

Page 2: Normal or Reverse? Looking at the two types of vertical displacement in dip-slip faults using the hanging wall method.

Terminology

An easy method to decide what sort of dip-slip fault we have uses the old mining terms of:

Hanging walland

Footwall

Page 3: Normal or Reverse? Looking at the two types of vertical displacement in dip-slip faults using the hanging wall method.

The footwall is always underneath the fault

fault

fault

The hanging wall is always on top of the fault

These names do not need us to know which side has moved up or down or if a tension or compression has occurred

Hanging wall

Footwall

Page 4: Normal or Reverse? Looking at the two types of vertical displacement in dip-slip faults using the hanging wall method.

Hanging Wall

Footwall

1 km

We apply this to the fault we looked at in the introduction to faults.

Hanging wall

Footwall

faul

t

The block above the fault plane is the hanging wall, and the block below the fault is the footwall.

Page 5: Normal or Reverse? Looking at the two types of vertical displacement in dip-slip faults using the hanging wall method.

Draw arrows to show the relative movement on either side of the fault.⇃↾

Hanging wall

Footwall

Page 6: Normal or Reverse? Looking at the two types of vertical displacement in dip-slip faults using the hanging wall method.

This makes F N ! U

Is the footwall the upthrow side or downthrow side of the fault?

Footwall

Hanging wall

The arrow points up, it must be the upthrow side.

Upthrow

Footwall

This is a normal fault.

Upthrow

Normal

⇃↾

F

U

N

Page 7: Normal or Reverse? Looking at the two types of vertical displacement in dip-slip faults using the hanging wall method.

Normal faults are caused by a pulling apart motion (tension).

Hanging wall

Upthrow

Footwall

⇃↾

Page 8: Normal or Reverse? Looking at the two types of vertical displacement in dip-slip faults using the hanging wall method.

Another example

Page 9: Normal or Reverse? Looking at the two types of vertical displacement in dip-slip faults using the hanging wall method.

1 km

Two interpreted horizons.

Two faults.

The block above the fault plane is the hanging wall, and the block below the fault is the footwall.

Look at the fault in the NW.

Hanging wall

Footwall

Page 10: Normal or Reverse? Looking at the two types of vertical displacement in dip-slip faults using the hanging wall method.

1 km

Hanging wall

Footwall

Draw arrows to show the relative movement on either side of the fault.

⇃↾

Page 11: Normal or Reverse? Looking at the two types of vertical displacement in dip-slip faults using the hanging wall method.

1 km

Hanging wall

Footwall

Is the footwall the upthrow side or downthrow side of the fault?

The arrow points down, it must be the downthrow side.

Footwall

Downthrow

This does not make FUN!

This is a reverse fault.

⇃↾

Page 12: Normal or Reverse? Looking at the two types of vertical displacement in dip-slip faults using the hanging wall method.

1 km

Hanging wall

Footwall

Reverse faults are caused by a pushing together motion (compression).

⇃↾

Page 13: Normal or Reverse? Looking at the two types of vertical displacement in dip-slip faults using the hanging wall method.

1 km

Try the other fault.

The block above the fault plane is the hanging wall, and the block below the fault is the footwall.

Hanging wall

Footwall

Page 14: Normal or Reverse? Looking at the two types of vertical displacement in dip-slip faults using the hanging wall method.

1 km

Hanging wall

Footwall

Draw arrows to show the relative movement on either side of the fault.

↿⇂

Page 15: Normal or Reverse? Looking at the two types of vertical displacement in dip-slip faults using the hanging wall method.

1 km

Hanging wall

Footwall

↿⇂

Is the footwall the upthrow side or downthrow side of the fault?

The arrow points down, it must be the downthrow side.

Footwall

Downthrow

This does not make FUN!

This is a reverse fault.

Page 16: Normal or Reverse? Looking at the two types of vertical displacement in dip-slip faults using the hanging wall method.

1 km

Hanging wall

Footwall

↿⇂

Reverse faults are caused by a pushing together motion (compression).

Page 17: Normal or Reverse? Looking at the two types of vertical displacement in dip-slip faults using the hanging wall method.

1 km

↿⇂

There are many more faults on this seismic profile.

Click to see a few suggestions.

Do you agree?

⇃↾

⇃↾

↿⇂

↿⇂

↿⇂↿⇂

↿⇂


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