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Naturally OccurringNaturally Occurring

Radioactive MaterialRadioactive MaterialAwareness Training CourseAwareness Training Course

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Course AdministrationCourse Administration

     Emergency procedures

     Facilities:

first aid, prayers, refreshments, toilet

     Documentation; course roster, HSE passport

     Restrictions:

smoking, telephones and pagers

     Introduction: name, company, position and expectations of the course

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Course AimsCourse Aims

     Aims of the course are to provide knowledgeand understanding of NORM:

basic radiation theory

where NORM can be found

personal hygiene and health risks

exposure control measures

risk control measures and PPE

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Course ObjectivesCourse Objectives

     On co

mpletion of the course attendees will be able to:

explain basic NORM theory

describe where NORM can be found

explain personal hygiene, health, environment andreputation risks

describe measures to counter NORM risks

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Radiation Sources in E&PRadiation Sources in E&P

Radiation

sources

Installed

gauges

Radio

tracers

Industrial

radiography

Well

logging

Portable

gauging

equipment

NORM

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NORMNORM

Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials

as opposed to man-made sources

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RadiationRadiation

Radiation emitted by NORM

Alpha particles ()

Beta particles ()

Gamma rays (y)

 

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PenetrationPenetration

Alpha

Beta

Gamma

 

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Closed equipmentClosed equipment

     Closed equipment:

Gamma rays penetrate

steel and are measured

where scale accumulates.

Alpha/Beta particles

cannot penetrate steel.

 

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Open equipmentOpen equipment

Scale may becomedislodged and be inhaledwhen opening NORMcontaminated equipment.

Ingested if poor hygiene.

 

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Health RisksHealth Risks

Health risks arise if you:

Inhale contaminated scales

Ingest contaminated sludgeor debris

Absorb contaminated

material through open cuts

or wounds

Alpha & Beta particles have sufficient energy to

damage cells and may lead to lung or bone cancer 

 

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Where to Find NORMWhere to Find NORM

Fixed scales ± e.g. pipes, pumps, tubulars

Sludge / Sands ± tanks & separators

Waste ± Pigging debris Salts ± Evaporation ponds, water leaks

 

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Hard Scales:

1. ESP

2. Valve3. Tubulars

 

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Sludge stored in pits

Sludge mixed with sand

and land farmed

 

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Evaporation Pond

 

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Separator outlet

 

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Leaks

 

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Job Types at RiskJob Types at Risk

     Job types:

production operators

maintenance personnel tank & separator cleaning crews

hoist/rig workover crews

pigging crews

sludge far m operators

 

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H.E.M.P.H.E.M.P.

     Supervisors responsibility

Identify potential NORM Jobs

Control exposures Monitor and review controls

Record keeping

 

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Identifying NORMIdentifying NORM

Look for NORM signs on equipment

Check PDO NORM maps

If in doubt - Ask Production Operators

 

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PDO Policy

As a rule any equipment which has

conveyed or stored production fluids

should be treated as NORM contaminated

until proven otherwise by monitoring

 

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ControlsControls

     Follow procedures

plan the job

organise PPE, plastic & containers

set up supervised area

conduct tool box talk

prevent scale from becoming airborne

prevent inhalation of scale ± wear PPE

dress cuts and abrasions

contain debris in one area encapsulate equipment at open ends

 

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NORM SpecificationNORM Specification

     SP 1170 Manage

ment of NORM

defines roles and responsibilities:

PPE: monitoring, reporting and

exposure limits; transportation

and disposal of NORM

 

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NORM GuidelinesNORM Guidelines

NORM procedures for specific tasks: e.g.

Tank or separator cleaning

Pigging Transporting

Sampling

Well workovers

 

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NORM PPENORM PPE

     Appropriate PPE:

one piece clothing

im

per m

eable rubber gloves steel toecap boots

face piece respirator 

eye protection safety goggles or glasses

clean and monitor after use

dispose of contaminated PPE safely

 

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NORM PPENORM PPE

One piece slicker or Tyvekdisposable suitP3 Half-face respirator 

 

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Personal HygienePersonal Hygiene

     When working with NORM:

do not eat, drink or smoke

do not apply barrier creams or lip

balm clean and dress cuts and abrasions

after contact with NORM washhands and face before eating,drinking or smoking

 

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NORM TrainingNORM Training

     NORM training:

Awareness training for  ALL personnel routinely or 

frequently working on NORM sites

Supervisor  training for  ALL personnel responsiblefor issue of per mits to work or supervise workersexposed to NORM

 

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SummarySummary

     Summary:

Treat equipment that conveys production fluidsas NORM contaminated until monitored

Use maps and surveys to identify NORM areas Follow the NORM Specification 1170

Implement the NORM Guidelines into workprocedures

Wear your designated PP

E

Maintain good personal hygiene

Keep records