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Transcript of NORA Oil and Gas Sector Council, Fatality Trends and Database, NIOSH Oil and Gas Field Research,...
NORA Oil and Gas Sector Council,Fatality Trends and Database, NIOSH Oil and Gas Field Research, US/EU Joint Conference on OSH, 2015
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
Kyla Retzer, MPHNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
• Part of the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC)
• Research-focused
• Generate new knowledge
• Work with partners – research 2 practice
National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH)
June 8, 2015
www.cdc.gov/niosh/nora/councils/oilgas
A national partnership effort to define andconduct priority occupational safety and health research
National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) Oil & Gas Extraction Sector Council
NORA Oil & Gas Extraction Council Members
Operators
Drilling Contractors
Well Servicing CompaniesOil and Gas
Extraction Industry
The U.S. Oil and Gas Extraction Industry
June 8, 2015
Industry Growth
2003
20132003
Well Servicing Companies
Oil and Gas Operators
Drilling Contractors
92% Increase
62% Increase
245% Increase
2003 2013
The oil and gas workforce doubled and the number of drilling rigs increased 71% from 2003-2013.
120,536 workers
296,891workers
2013
48,596 workers
121,124 workers
196,732 workers
93,261 workers
June 8, 2015
Methods
x =
Rate Calculation
Statistical Test
Negative Binomial
over time
100,000
BLS CFOI Number of Fatalities (NAICS: 211, 213111, 213112)
BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (Not Full Time Equivalent [FTE])
per 100,000Workers
Fatality
Difference in
June 8, 2015
Rate
Regression Rates
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
85
98 98
125 122
120
68
107
112
142
112
Fatalities Rate
Deat
hs p
er 1
00,0
00 w
orke
rs
Num
ber o
f Dea
ths
Number and Rate of Fatal Work InjuriesU.S. Oil & Gas Extraction Industry, 2003-2013
Note: Fatality counts from BLS Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. Worker Estimates from BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (2013). Rate per 100,000 workers per year. Includes NAICS 211, 213111, 213112. *Data for 2013 are preliminary.
N=1,189
June 8, 2015
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
85
98 98
125 122
120
68
107
112
142
112
Fatalities Rate
Deat
hs p
er 1
00,0
00 w
orke
rs
Num
ber o
f Dea
ths
Number and Rate of Fatal Work InjuriesU.S. Oil & Gas Extraction Industry, 2003-2013
Note: Fatality counts from BLS Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. Worker Estimates from BLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (2013). Rate per 100,000 workers per year. Includes NAICS 211, 213111, 213112. *Data for 2013 are preliminary.
N=1,185
FatalityRate
FatalitiesWeekperIndustry
2
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20130
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Fata
lity
Rate
per
100
,000
Trends in Fatality Rate by Company Type, 2003-2013
Well Servicing CompaniesOil and Gas Operators Drilling Contractors
Stati sti cally Signifi cant
58%Fa
taliti
es
Not Statistically Significant
27%
Fata
lities
Stati sti cally Signifi cant
33%
Fata
lities
June 8, 2015
Fata
lities
Possible Reasons for Improvement
• Development of STEPS Networks.
• Creation of transportation safety groups (e.g. Appalachian Shale Transportation Group).
• Development of the NIOSH NORA Oil and Gas Council.
• The OSHA Oil and Gas Safety and Health Conference.
• New ALLIANCE between STEPS/OSHA/NIOSH.
NIOSH exhibit - OSHA Oil and Gas Safety and Health Conference. OSHA, STEPS, NIOSH Alliance signing event, Dec 2014.
June 8, 2015
FOGNIOSH/NORA Fatalities in Oil and Gas Database
• Detailed information fatalities in the U.S.
• Includes: all fatal events to U.S. land-based and offshore oil and gas extraction workers, irrespective of NAICS codes.
• Excludes: midstream, downstream, non-fatal injuries
• Data Sources: OSHA, crash reports, media, etc.
• Limitations: off-site motor vehicle events
Fatalities in Oil and Gas (FOG) database
35Variables per Incident Operation Working Alone Equipment Type Basin Fatigue Related
Weather Related Well Site Location
Variables per Worker Race Occupation Years in Oilfield Contractor Task
21
June 8, 2015
• 9 worker deaths, 2010-2014 (6)
• Open production tank hatches, 5 thieving, 4 gauging
• North Dakota (3), Colorado (3), Oklahoma (1), Texas (1), and Montana (1).
• Associated with hydrocarbon gases and vapors (no H2S)
Using FOG to identify trends
Hazard Alert
• Currently undergoing review.
• In 2014, 6 incidents that resulted in 6 worker deaths.
• More incidents than were seen since 2005.
• The majority of events 2005-2014 (62%) involved hot-work/welding.
• Majority are off-site.
Land-Based Fire/Explosion Fatal Events Involving Tank Vapors (FOG)
FOG Outputs
NIOSH Field WorkOil and Gas Exposure Assessments
• 11 sites, 5 states • Winter, spring,
summer• Elevation: 300 –
5,000 ft.• Silica sand, resin
coated and ceramic
NIOSH Respirable Crystalline Silica (RCS) during Hydraulic Fracturing
Field Study, 2010-2011
Site >ACGIH TLV >NIOSH REL >OSHA PEL Total # Samples
A 24 (92.3%) 19 (73.1%) 14 (53.9%) 26
B 16 (84.2%) 14 (73.7%) 12 (63.2%) 19
C 5 (62.5%) 5 (62.5%) 4 (50.0%) 8
D 19 (90.5%) 14 (66.7%) 9 (42.9%) 21
E 25 (92.6%) 23 (85.2%) 18 (66.7%) 27
F 4 (40.0%) 1 (10.0%) 0 10
Total 93 (83.8%) 76 (68.5%) 57 (51.4%) 111
1Esswein, Breitenstein, Snawder, et. al., Occupational Exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica in Hydraulic Fracturing. JOEH Vol. 10. Issue 7. May 2013
RCS Exposures at Hydraulic Fracturing Sites can Exceed OELs1
Point Sources of Respirable Crystalline Silica Release
• First study to identify RCS hazard during hydraulic fracturing
• JOEH article most downloaded of 2013
• Industry formed RCS Workgroup
• New, improved controls implemented
Impact of NIOSH RCS Study
Worker Exposures to Volatile Organic Compounds During Flowback Operations: Initial Evaluations
• Exposure to very high concentrations of VOCs in hydrocarbon products may occur when hatches are opened
• PBZ measurements identified benzene as a potential VOC exposure hazard
• None of the 35 PBZ samples exceeded OSHA benzene PEL
• Some samples exceeded NIOSH REL and STEL for benzene
• Flammable/explosive hazards can exist • Additional field research is needed to more fully
characterize risk for exposure
Initial Flowback Conclusions
Occupational Exposures to Respirable Crystalline Silica during Hydraulic Fracturing, JOEH
OSHA/NIOSH Hazard Alert: Worker Exposures to Silica during Hydraulic Fracturing
Evaluation of Some Potential Chemical Exposure Risks during Flowback Operations, JOEH
Select Publications
Summary
• Fatality Rates are improving, but work left to do.
• New hazards are emerging: inhalation of hydrocarbons.
• Old hazards persist.
Contact Info and Acknowledgements
Contact Info:
Kyla Retzer, NIOSH, Western States [email protected] , 303-236-5934
Acknowledgements: Ryan Hill, NIOSH, Oil and Gas ProgramNORA Oil and Gas Sector Council
June 8, 2015