Noninfectious Diseases Diseases not caused by pathogens and that are not spread from person to...
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Transcript of Noninfectious Diseases Diseases not caused by pathogens and that are not spread from person to...
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Noninfectious Diseases
Diseases not caused by pathogens and that are not spread
from person to person
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Chronic Disease
• Disease that lasts a long time
• Some can be cured but many can not
• Some infectious diseases are chronic (for example Lyme disease, which can affect the body for years)
• Many noninfectious diseases are chronic:– Diabetes, allergies, asthma, cancer and heart
disease
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Allergies• An overly strong reaction of the immune system to a
foreign substance• People have allergic reactions to various things such as
cosmetics, shellfish, berries, nuts and insect stings and bites
• An Allergen is a substance that causes an allergic reaction.– Some chemicals, certain foods, pollen, molds, some antibiotics,
pet dander and dust can be allergens– Reactions include stuffy nose, watery eyes, breathing difficulties
• Asthma is associated with reactions to allergens– Sufferers have shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing
• Antihistamines are medications that can help treat allergic reactions and asthma
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Diabetes
• A chronic disease associated with the levels of insulin produced by the pancreas
• Insulin is a hormone that enables glucose to pass from the bloodstream to cells
• Two types: Type 1 and Type 2– Type 1: too little or no insulin production
• Must monitor sugar intake and usually require insulin injections– Type 2: the body cannot process insulin
• Usually just monitor diet and weight• Higher instance in overweight patients and it might be inherited
• Symptoms: fatigue, thirst, frequent urination, tingling in hands and feet
• Long term high glucose levels can cause blurred vision, kidney problems, heart attack, stroke, loss of feeling in feet and loss of consciousness (diabetic coma)
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Chemicals and Disease
• Chemicals that are harmful to living things are called toxins.
• Toxins can cause birth defects, cell mutations, cancers, tissue damage, chronic diseases and death.
• The level of toxin taken in affects the severity of the effect.
• Examples: asbestos, lead, ethyl alcohol• Toxins enter the environment through many
processes such as farming and manufacturing and can lead to chronic disease in humans who are exposed long term.
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Cancer
• Cancer has been with humans for thousands of years.
• Cancer is the name given to a closely related group of diseases that result from uncontrolled cell growth.
• If control of cell division is disrupted, abnormal growth can occur and a tumor can form.
• Cancerous cells can leave a tumor and spread via blood and lymph vessels and spread to other parts of the body.
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Characteristics of Cancer Cells
• Uncontrolled growth.
• Cells do not function as part of the body.
• Cells take up space and interfere with normal body functions.
• Cells can travel throughout the body.
• The cells produce tumors and abnormal growths anywhere in the body.
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Types of Cancer
• Leukemia: – Cancerous WBC are immature an not
effective fighting disease.– Cancer cells multiply in bone marrow and
crowd out RBC, WBC and platelets.
• Lung Cancer– Starts in the bronchi and spreads– Surface area is for oxygen exchange is
reduced affecting breathing– Leading cause of Cancer deaths for males in
the US
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Types of Cancer cont.
• Colorectal Cancer– Forms in the large intestine and is a leading cause of
death among men and women.
• Breast Cancer– Tumors grow in the breast– High degree of successful treatment with early
detection
• Prostate Cancer– Very common in men– Forms in the prostate gland which is an organ that
surrounds the urethra
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Causes of Cancer
• Some genes have been linked to Cancer
• Smoking!
• Exposure to some chemicals can cause Cancer: they are called carcinogens– Asbestos, heavy metals, alcohol etc…
• Radiation (X-rays, ultraviolet radiation, nuclear radiation)
• Some foods and food additives
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Cancer Treatment• Surgery-physically removing cancerous
tissue
• Radiation-using X-rays to kill cancer cells
• Chemotherapy-using chemicals to destroy cancer cells
• Immunology-new approach focused on the immune processes of the body.– Specialized antibodies are being developed to
deliver medical treatments directly to cancer cells
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Cancer Prevention
• Watch for early warning signs
• Positive lifestyle choices:– Avoid tobacco products– Healthy diet (avoid fats, salts and sugars)– Using sunscreen and limiting sun exposure– Careful handling of chemicals– Avoid pollutants