Nonfiction Organizational Patterns
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Transcript of Nonfiction Organizational Patterns
Nonfiction Organizational Patterns
Text Structure Nonfiction Organizational Patterns Text Structure
How text is organized.
Stories are usually chronological. Nonfiction has lots of text
structures. Each paragraph may be different. Well learn 5 types.
Types of Text Structure
Sequence Chronological Directions/List of Steps Cause and Effect
Problem/Solution Comparison/Contrast Description/Spatial Sequence /
Chronological
In order of time Chrono = time Stories are told chronologically
Moved Away Met Girl Fell in Love Born in 1882 Married in 1906 Died
in 1948 Sequence / Directions / List of Steps in a Procedure
Steps described in the order they occur. Get bread Tighten Laces
Open jars Tie Loops Together Spread peanut butter Make Two Loops
Spread jelly Combine slices Put on Shoe Enjoy. Does not take place
at any specific point in time. Sequence Transition Words
First, second, always, then, next, later, soon,before, finally,
earlier, afterwards, meanwhile, eventually, next week, tomorrow,
after, during, immediately,preceding, third, initially, not long
after, now, today, as soon as, before, until, following, on (date),
when Explains reasons why something happened.
Cause and Effect Explains reasons why something happened. Or
explains the effects of something. Text is not telling the story of
a dog. Not feeding it. Many Karate Schools Opened. Not petting it.
Why Dog Ran Away Lots of KarateMovies in 60s Nunchuck sales
Increased 400% Not loving it. Hospital cases went up. Cause and
Effect Transition Words
Since, because, thus, therefore, so, due to, as a consequence,
accordingly, for this reason, ifthen, as a result, in order to,
next, effects of, how to, is caused by, so that, whenthen, finally,
how, leads/led to, steps involved, begins with, first Problem and
Solution Author states a problem and solution(s).
Similar to cause and effect. Missing Books Eagles were endangered.
Make laws to protect them. Putting in the Closet Basically Cause
& Effect With an Opinion.And an answer. Getting Lockers Problem
and Solution Transition Words
The effect, one idea, the result,another, is resolved, question
Shows whats in common and whats different.
Compare and Contrast Compare = find similarities Contrast = find
differences Shows whats in common and whats different. Apples &
Oranges Fruits Have Seeds Healthy Colors Tastes Locations Compare
and Contrast Transition Words
Similarly, likewise, in addition, like, than, as, neithernor,
either, or, by comparison, as well as, both, in common, similar to
However, by contrast, yet, but, unlike, instead, nevertheless, as
opposed to, on the other hand, although, compared with, different
from, eitheror, even though, instead of, still, yet, on the other
hand, otherwise Description / Spatial In this pattern, items are
arranged according to their physical position or relationships. For
example, in describing a shelf or desk, I might describe items on
the left first, then move gradually toward the right. Description /
Spatial Transition Words
In front, behind, next to, nearest, lowest, above, below, outside,
underneath, on the left/right, in the middle, above, as in,
between, looks like, outside, across, behind, down, over, along, in
back of, in front of, on top of, such as, appears to be, beside
Starts easy but gets hard
Practice Starts easy but gets hard Read the paragraph Identify the
text structure Write it down. 1 Deviled Eggs Pop out (remove) the
egg yolks to a small bowl and mash with a fork. Add mayonnaise,
mustard powder, vinegar, salt and pepper and mix thoroughly. Fill
the empty egg white shells with the mixture and sprinkle lightly
with paprika.Cover lightly with plastic wrap and refrigerate for up
to one day before serving. 2 Sports at Ericson There are two
popular sports played at Ericson, basketball and volleyball.Both
take place inside of the gym at Ericson.Also, each sport has two
teams of people.In basketball, however, the ball can be played off
of the floor, and in volleyball, the ball cannot touch the floor or
it is out of play.Basketball and volleyball are popular sports at
Ericson. 3 The Lazy Student When Tim woke up, he didnt want to go
to school.His mom took him anyway.So, he went to school, but he
didnt do any work.The days passed, and Tim still didnt do any
work.Mr. Morton called Tims house, but Tim still wouldnt do any
work.Finally the report cards came out, and Tim failed his
classes.Tim was sad. 4 Failing Classes Lots of students fail
classes.Some students fail because the work is too hard for
them.Other times they may fail because they are lazy, and dont do
any work.Another reason why students may fail is if they dont go to
school.If youre not in class you may miss a lot.Many students fail
classes every quarter. 5 Passing Classes A lot of students have
been failing classes.These students wouldnt be failing classes if
they studied more, asked questions, tried harder, and came in for
extra help.Even though a lot of students fail classes, they have
many options if they want to pass. 6 Gail Devers Devers experienced
the highlight of any sprinters career, as she stood on the huge
platform in the giant stadium and received an Olympic gold
medal.Eighteen months earlier she wasnt thinking about running. She
was hoping that she would be able to walk again. Just four years
earlier, in the summer of 1988, as Devers was training for the
Olympic Games, to be held in Seoul, South Korea, she began to feel
very tired all the time and failed to make the Olympic finals.
Three Types of Circus Clowns
7 Three Types of Circus Clowns Generally, there are three
categories of circus clownswhiteface, august and character. Each
has a specific makeup style and costume. Each has a typical act as
well. The neat whiteface is usually a strict, in-charge character
who sets up the punch line for the joke with a partner His facial
features are neatly detailed in red or black. Circus legend has it
that the august clown got his name from a German nickname for
someone who is clumsy. The august wears light-colored makeup, but
white is used around the mouth and eyes, and theres a big red nose.
This clown performs a great deal of slapstick humor.Character
clowns perform as different personalitiescowboys, scarecrows,
grandmothers or symphony conductors. The most famous character
clown, however, is the tramp. Tramps wear different styles of
makeup and costumes that are torn or shabby. Some tramp clowns are
happy-go-lucky. Others are extremely sad. Still others act like
gentlemen who just happen to be out of money. 8 HOW TO USE THE
MICROSCOPE1. Plug in the lamp. 2. Place a sample of what you wish
to observe on a slide. 3. Adjust the mirror so it reflects light
from the room up into the objective lens.4. Place your slide with
the specimen directly over the center of the glass circle on the
stage.5. With the LOW POWER objective lens placed over the slide,
use the coarse focus knob. 6. Look through the eyepiece with one
eye while closing the other eye.7. Use the fine focus knob to fine
9 Fewer Toads Though toads are still around, they no longer are as
common in some areas as they were a few decades ago. The growing
use of insecticides has reduced their numbers. The chemical sprays
usually do not harm toads, but cut down the animals food supply.
Thereby, the toads do not have enough food to survive.There are
fewer toads in many areas populated by humans. 10 Restoring the
Toad Dr. Knapp doesnt want people to sit back and let the toad
vanish.He believes that everyone is responsible for restoring the
toad species.Dr. Knapp thinks we could help restore the toad
population if we stop mowing parts of our lawns and let the grass
grow wild to reserve space for the toad.He also believes we need to
stop using pesticides and fertilizers.The chemicals kill the
insects that toads eat.If we preserve some spaces in our lawns and
stop using fertilizers, Dr. Knapp believes we can save the toads.
11 The Pantry After opening the door to the pantry, which measures
five feet by five feet, there are three shelves spaced evenly
apart, one above the other. On the lowest shelf, heavier items have
been placed. The sugar is to the left, and the flour is situated to
the right of it. On the next shelf up there are many canned goods
which cover that entire shelf. On the shelf above the canned goods
are boxes of pasta and jars of pasta sauce pushed to the left of
the shelf. On that same shelf are foods like muffins and other
treats. There are also some larger bottles of water sitting on the
floor under the lowest shelf. Answers Sequence (Directions) Compare
and Contrast
Sequence(Chronological) Cause and Effect Problem and Solution
Description/Spatial