Non Verbal Oral Motor Exercises Practice Issuespeople.umass.edu/mva/pdf/ComDis 624, Student... ·...

12
NonVerbal Oral Motor Exercises with Children; Efficacy & Practice Issues Jaime Collins & Kylee Youmans

Transcript of Non Verbal Oral Motor Exercises Practice Issuespeople.umass.edu/mva/pdf/ComDis 624, Student... ·...

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Non‐Verbal Oral Motor Exercises with Children; Efficacy & Practice 

Issues

Jaime Collins & Kylee Youmans

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What are Non‐Verbal Oral Motor Exercises?

• “Nonspeech activities that involve sensory stimulation or manipulation of oral structures intended to influence the physiological mechanism to improve function of those structures” (McCauley & Strand, 2008).

• “…designates a variety of oral, lingual, and mandibular movements that range from articulator ‘wags’ or ‘push‐ups’ to activities that include blowing bubbles or on horns” (Forrest, 2002).

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Why are Non‐Verbal Oral Motor Exercises used?

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Why Research Efficacy & Practice Issues?

There is little clinical and theoretical evidence that using oral motor exercises alone 

improves speech sound production (Lof, 2003).

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Breaking Complex Motor Tasks into Smaller Units

• Articulation therapy typically stresses the production of individual speech sounds; although some researchers suggest that training should be done in larger units. (Lof, 2003).

• Fractioning a behavior that is composed of interrelated parts is not likely to provide relevant information (sensory‐motor correspondences) for the appropriate development of neural substrates (Forrest, 2002).

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Strengthening Oral/Facial Musculature

• Children with Phonological/articulatory disorders should not exhibit muscle weakness (Forrest, 2002).

• Very little strength is needed for speech (Forrest, 2002; as cited in Lof, 2003).

• “Weight training to build muscles (e.g., the biceps) involves building strength and mass” (Love, 

2000; as cited in Lof, 2003).• “Training specificity requires that exercises closely match the targeted functional outcome”(Clark, 2009).

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Task Specificity

• Love (2000) stated that speech movement control and nonspeech movement control was mediated at different levels in the nervous system. 

• “The view, often called the ‘‘common effector perspective,’’ suggests that when the same effectors (structures) are used for different activities they are necessarily controlled by a common set of control principles” (Bunton, 2008).

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Sensorimotor Development

• “…investigations of individuals with neurological disorders (e.g., cerebral palsy) suggest that sensory motor deficits affect motor learning” (Forrest, 2002).

• Sound play and stimulability training may deem to be more effective in creating sensorimotor connections.

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Earlier Occurring Behaviors Leads to Speech Development

Why this may be true…The Frame/Content Theory of Evolution of Speech Production

(Wilson et al., 2008, p. 263)

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Earlier Occurring Behaviors Leads to Speech Development

Why this may be false…

• Wilson et al. (2008) argue that if chewing and sucking are precursors to speech then motor control may be expected to completely developed for those behaviors before speech.

• “…at relatively early stages of speech production, muscle activation patterns for speech are distinct from chewing but similar to speech muscle activation patterns seen in adults” (Forrest, 2002, p. 21).

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Summary of Findings• No credible evidence to support non‐verbal oral motor exercises as therapies for developmental speech sound disorders (Ruscello, 2008).

• A general goal for the PAD population should be stimulating more mature vocalizations and attaching these to meaning which can be used to communicate with others (David & Velleman, 2009).

• MORE RESEARCH IS NEEDED; ALTHOUGH THE CONSENSUS IS…Non‐Verbal Oral Motor Exercises are not sufficient for speech development.

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References• Bunton, K. (2008).Speech versus nonspeech:Different tasks, different neural organization. 

Seminars in Speech and Language. 29, 267‐275. 

• Clark, H. M. (in press, 2009). The role of strength training in speech sound disorders. Seminars in Speech and Language, 30(1).

• Davis, B. L., & Velleman, S. L. (in press, 2009). Establishing a basic speech repertoire without using NS‐OME: Means, motive, and opportunities. Seminars in Speech and Language, 30(1).

• Forrest, K. (2002).Are oral‐motor exercises useful in the treatment of phonological/articulatory disorders?. Seminars in Speech and Language. 23, 15‐25. 

• Lof, G.L. (2003).Oral motor exercises and treatment outcomes. Language Learning and Education. 10, 7‐11. 

• McCauley, R.J., & Strand, E.A. (2008).Treatment of childhood apraxia of speech: Clinical decision making in the use of nonspeech oral motor exercises. Seminars in Speech and Language. 29, 284‐293. 

• Ruscello, D.M. (2008).Nonspeech oral motor treatment issues related to children with developmental speech sound disorders. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools. 39, 380‐391. 

• Wilson, E.M., Green, J.R., Yunusova, Y., & Moore, C.A. (2008).Task specificity in early oral motor development. Seminars in Speech and Language. 29, 257‐266.