Non-technical Barriers to the Development of Non Food Biomass Chains Manfred Woergetter Becoteps...
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Non-technical Barriers to the Non-technical Barriers to the Development of Non Food Biomass Development of Non Food Biomass Chains Chains Manfred Woergetter http://blt.josephinum.at/ Becoteps Workshop 8-9 October 2009
Transcript of Non-technical Barriers to the Development of Non Food Biomass Chains Manfred Woergetter Becoteps...
Non-technical Barriers to the Development of Non-technical Barriers to the Development of Non Food Biomass ChainsNon Food Biomass Chains
Manfred Woergetterhttp://blt.josephinum.at/
Becoteps Workshop 8-9 October 2009
Introducing myselfIntroducing myself
• Graduated as Mechanical Engineer, University of Technology• Since 1975 R&D work on the energetic and material use of
biomass at FJ-BLT:– Production, standardization and use of transport biofuels – Small scale biomass fired boilers– Biofuel feedstock– Bioenergy policies
• Chair of the Renewable Raw Material WG of the Ministry– Advisor for the Ministry concerning the market introduction of
bioenergy &renewable raw materials– Leader of the policy topic of the IEA Bioenergy Liquid Biofuels Tasks– Key Researcher in the Austrian Bioenergy Center/ BIOENERGY 2020+.
IEA Bioenergy since 1979IEA Bioenergy since 1979
• One of the numerous “Implementing Agreements”• 22 member countries • Working in 12 Tasks • Along the whole value chain
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www.ieabioenergy.com www.ieabioenergy.com
GHG emissions underestimatedGHG emissions underestimated
Ban Ki Moon, Secretary-General of the UN:• Climate change is accelerating much
faster than was previously thought • New scientific evidence suggests that
irreversible changes may already have been reached or even overtaken
• Climate change, more than any other challenge facing the world, is a crisis that will require strong and global action
World energy outlook 2008: • Global temperature up by 6OC
http://www.unep.org/compendium2009/PDF/compendium2009.pdf http://www.unep.org/compendium2009/PDF/compendium2009.pdf
Size of the challenge underestimatedSize of the challenge underestimated
World energy outlook 2008• Preventing catastrophic damage requires a
major decarbonization of world energy sources
• Radical actions by governments, co-ordinated by international mechanisms are needed
• China and India will account for half of the world primary energy demand between 2005 and 2030, collectively Non-OECD countries account for 87% of the increase
http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/docs/weo2008/WEO2008_es_english.pdf http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/docs/weo2008/WEO2008_es_english.pdf
Bioenergy can play an main roleBioenergy can play an main role
IEA Bioenergy confirms the role of Bioenergy. •Sustainable biomass scenarios indicate an annual potential of 200 - and 500 EJ/yr. •With a projected world primary energy demand by 2050 of 1000 EJ (500 EJ in 2008), bioenergy may contribute a quarter or even more to the future global energy mix
http://www.ieabioenergy.com/MediaItem.aspx?id=6360http://www.ieabioenergy.com/MediaItem.aspx?id=6360
Waste
Agric. cropsand byproducts
Bioenergy in the global primary energy mix Bioenergy in the global primary energy mix
A wide variety of bioenergy routesA wide variety of bioenergy routes
Bioenergy techologies for heat and Bioenergy techologies for heat and powerpower
Examples on bio transport fuel routesExamples on bio transport fuel routes
Development of renewable energyDevelopment of renewable energy
+ 7%/y is extremly ambitous!
Insufficient development in EUInsufficient development in EU
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/progress_report_2009_en.htm
Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament COM(2009) 192 final
• A progress report of the Commission highlighted the patchy progress of RES
• Indicative 2010 targets will be failed
Why? + 7%/y is extremly ambitous!
NTBs to Liquid Biofuels in the ALTENER NTBs to Liquid Biofuels in the ALTENER funded NTB-net (1996)funded NTB-net (1996)
• Agricultural barriers• Economic and financial barriers• Industry• Legislation• Market• Environmental impacts• Public
www.ademe.fr/htdocs/presentation/actioneuropeenne/webaltener/defaultbiocarb.htm
Barriers also typical for other bioenergy pathways
Agricultural barriers to Biodiesel (1996)Agricultural barriers to Biodiesel (1996)
• Blair House Agreement of the WTO limits the agricultural production of raw materials
• No guarantee for raw material production
• Lack of contracts between agriculture and industry
• Insufficient awareness from farmers for new crops and new products
No change
No change
Nearly no change
Nearly no change
Economic and financial barriers (1996)Economic and financial barriers (1996)
• Raw material prices to high• Logistic and transport of raw materials
expensive• Prices for non-food use lower than for
food use • Reduced interest of farmers• Farmers and industry are more
interested in income than in environmental benefits
• Low competitiveness compared to fossil fuels
No change
No change
No change
No change
Nearly no change
Nearly no change
Industry (1996)Industry (1996)
• Lack of standardization and specifications of liquid biofuels
• No guarantee for a stable raw material supply
• High risk for investors• Lack of co-ordination between farmers,
producers and user
No change
No change
No change
Success story
Legislation (1996)Legislation (1996)
• Tax exemption – an must for liquid biofuels from agriculture
• No discussion on detaxation on the European level
Success story in some countries
Success story
Market (1996)Market (1996)
• No concepts on long-term marketing
• No common strategy of farmers, producers and users
• Small biofuels market
• No measures for the stabilization of the raw material and product markets
No change
No change
No change
Success story in some countries
Environment (1996)Environment (1996)
• Environmental benefits not generally acknowledged, discussion of emissions controversy
• Discussion on loss of biodiversity
• Energy and environmental balances hard to compare
• Knowledge of N2O emission of rape
production unsatisfactory
No change
No change
No change
No change
Public (1996)Public (1996)
• Lack of information for the general public on availability, properties and benefits of biofuels
• Lack of information of policy makers and stake holders on the European, national and regional level
No change
No change
Additional barrier: „Food versus fuel conflict“
Panel Discussion with Panellists from Panel Discussion with Panellists from Industry, Academia and NGOsIndustry, Academia and NGOs
• Sustainability certification– simple rules needed– global harmonisation favourable but may take 10 years
• Main barriers to market implementation of 2nd-generation– instability of political frameworks,– lack of market acceptance, sustainability not acknowledged– lack of economic feasibility
• (International) roadmap could be supportive – target must be clear– concerted action of a number of countries needed– must be focused on a limited number of biofuel pathways
IEA Bioenergy Liquid IEA Bioenergy Liquid Biofuels Task 39 Workshop Biofuels Task 39 Workshop
Dresden (2009)Dresden (2009)
Additional barriersAdditional barriers
EU• No priority for energy and climat change in the Lisbon
Treaty• 4 DGs involved in Bioenergy: TREN, AGRI, ENV, Research
Lobbying:• Strong and industry driven lobbies for wind and
photovoltaic• Patchy bioenergy lobby groups with diverted interests,
heterogeneous appearance of the different bioenergy sectors
The challenge IThe challenge I
• Understand complexity • Develop long term strategies• Concentrate efforts• Establish roadmaps an stay on track• Establish reliable political framework• Form strong lobby groups• Overcome lack of public acceptance• Reduce cost along the whole Bioenergy value chain• Increase agricultural productivity
The challenge IIThe challenge II
• Reduce life cycle emissions and improve energy balance• Convince
– Policy maker– Farmer– Investors– Stake holder in industries– The consumer and the general public– NGOs– Authorities– The Press
• Cooperate internationally www.ieabioenergy.com
Bioenergy roadmap urgently neededBioenergy roadmap urgently needed
• Roadmap must include the whole value chain– All biogenic feedstocks– Logistic– Conversion technologies– All markets
• Must be coordinated with– National action plans– Involved General Directorates– Existing platforms
Thank you for your Thank you for your attention!attention!
My personal approach to NTBsMy personal approach to NTBs
• NTBs are not easy to handle for scientists and engineers• Time and money are the utmost limiting factor in the Time and money are the utmost limiting factor in the
technological developmenttechnological development• Economy is the outstanding challengeEconomy is the outstanding challenge
• All people like „Sustainable development“, but nobody
will pay for it
Development versus development costsDevelopment versus development costs
Field tests
Competition
Mature technology
Laboratory
Pilot plant
First tests in practice
Demonstration
Time
Literature study
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Valleyof
death?
Agricultural productivity 1948-96 in the Agricultural productivity 1948-96 in the USUS
Ou
tpu
t to
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pu
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Input Output Ouput:Input
World energy consumption until 2060World energy consumption until 2060Shell Scenario „Sustainable Growth“
EJ/
yea
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