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Non-Revenue Water Management : The Non-Revenue Water Management : The Case of Entebbe , UgandaCase of Entebbe , Uganda

Presented byPresented by

Harrison MutikangaHarrison Mutikanga

At At

The SWITCH PILOT TRAININGThe SWITCH PILOT TRAINING

Capital Inn - Entebbe, UgandaCapital Inn - Entebbe, Uganda

2929thth July 2010 July 2010

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Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

i. Definitions, Terminologies & Problem Identification

ii. IWA Water Balance Methodology

iii. NRW Contributing Factors

iv. Tools for Managing Water Losses

v. Entebbe NRW Case Study

vi. Conclusions

Basic Definitions

NON-REVENUE WATER

(NRW)

APPARENT

LOSSES

(Commercial Losses)

REAL

LOSSES

WATER SUPPLIED

(System input Volume)

REVENUE WATER

(Billed Consumed Water)

=-

=

=•Physical losses from pipes , joints & fittings (Leakage & Bursts)

•Service reservoirs overflows

Meter readings, illegal connections, illegal use

NRWWater Losses

(Real + Apparent)= + Unbilled Authorised

Consumption

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Basic Definitions

Water Losses occur as two distinct types:

Real Losses (Leakage) – physical losses

Apparent (Commercial) Losses: water used by customers but not properly measured and paid for

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What is the Problem?

Technical: Not all water Supplied by a utility reaches the customer

Financial & Economic: not all the water supplied is paid for

Terminology: Lack of standardized definitions of water and revenue water losses

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NRW in African Cities

Source: (WSP-World Bank, 2009)

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NRW in Asian Cities (2001)

Source: (McIntosh, 2003)

Less than 20% of population served in Delhi gets 24-hr

water service

Best-Practice Frontier

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IWA WB Methodology

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Importance of Water Balance

Provides answers to the following questions:Why is water lost ?Where is it lost ?How is it lost ?

Formulating reduction strategies and prioritizing investments

Tool for communication & benchmarking

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Contributing Factors to NRW

Old infrastructure

Road Works

High Pressures

Abuse of Fire hydrants

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Contributing Factors to NRW

Meter inaccuracies, Meter-bypass, Theft / illegal connections

Meter inaccuracies, Meter-bypass, Theft / illegal connections

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Tools for Managing Real Losses

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Tools for Managing Apparent Losses

WOA

WSZ

ServiceReservoir

ServiceReservoir

DMA

Meter

DistributionInput

WTW

DMAs as Leakage ManagementTools

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Pressure Management as a Tool

Source: McKenzie, 2009

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Network Hydraulic Modeling as a Tool

Introduce PRV to reduce high pressure and leakage

Increase pressure to reduce low pressure complaints

Leakage analysis Design pressure management schemesNetwork Planning DMA OptimizationMains Replacement

Assessing ELL

Annual Cost£/Yr

Base/BackgroundLosses

Losses fromreported bursts

Lossesfromunreportedbursts

Levels of loses Ml/d0

ALC cost

Cost of Water

Total cost

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Entebbe NRW Case Study

Introduction

The performance of Entebbe network

Initiatives undertaken to improve

NRW

Benefits

Challenges & lessons

Introduction

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Entebbe is located 34km south of Kampala

It is the 3rd largest town out of the 22 towns operated by NWSC,

Started operations in 1950

Estimated area population 215,000

Service coverage is about 70%

Performance History

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Network Performance

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System Characteristics

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Water Balance – 2003 (m3/year)

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Water Balance – 2007 (m3/year)

NRW Performance Indicators

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Commercial & Physical Loss PIs

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Leakage Component Analysis

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Reasons for NRW Improvement

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Reasons for NRW Improvement

Developed a compressive 5 yr action plan - using a participatory approach & with clear time bound objectives & strategies – (reduce NRW from 32% to 15 % by 2008)

Established a GIS system & carried out comprehensive documentation & mapping the whole network area

Shared experience & information with sister utilities on the challenges & initiatives of NRW reduction – e.g WUP & WEDC forum

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Undertook pilot studies of the distribution network & technically isolate 3 discrete zones

Set up of three DMAs – with demarcated customer accounts,

Aligned the organization structure to the Zones and allocated staff & other resources for accountability enhancement (Territorial Management Concept)

Appointed Zonal leaders accountable for the Zones performance

Aligned the billing system with the Zones for easy monitoring

Set targets for each Zone & established an incentive mechanism to drive performance

Carried out regular performance monitoring of the Zones

Reasons for NRW Improvement

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Reasons for NRW Improvement

Entebbe Area – District Meter Areas (DMAs)

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Reasons for NRW Improvement

Organization Structure focused on NRW reductions

Initiatives to address Leakage

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Established a standby 24 hrs leak management unit – speed and quality of repairs –leakage handling efficiency (identified leaks repaired in < 6hrs)

Trained staff on effective leak detection, repair & monitoring (in house & external training) & equipped them with newly acquired leak detection equipments

Established a more pro-active leak detection & repair programme

Sensitized & encouraged the public to vigorously report water leaks/bursts – attached a reward ($1.5 -3) for @ case reported

Computerised the leaks reporting register for easy

tracking & monitoring

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Initiatives to address Leakage

Routine inspection & servicing of valves & fire hydrants

Leak clustering for better monitoring of network condition thus planning for replacement.

Developed a medium term investment plan – replacement of old

pipelines of the water distribution network

12.4 Km of worn out pipes were replaced

more than 60% of the network is currently

less than 5 Years old

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Initiatives to address CL

Carried out investigations to detect & cut–off illegal connections from the mains

Declared Monday an illegal connection day – investigating cases of suspected illegal connections

Worked closely with local communities to identify illegal cases & meter vandalism

Offered incentives/rewards to informers of illegal users – ($32 for commercial, UGX $20 for domestic & $3 to staff)

Established fines/ penalties for illegal connections – $305 + 2 yrs estimated consumption

Established amnesty programmes to woo back illegal consumers

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Initiatives to address CL

Regular spot checks on large customers & construction sites

Spot checks and auditing of meter readings + rotation of meter readers (every 6 months)

Meter testing in the laboratory and replacing meters that under-register consumption

Universal metering of customer accounts - (all accounts metered & over 70% of the meters are less 6 yrs old)

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Initiatives to address CL

Prompt updating of customer database –NCs updated within 2 days

Effective disconnection for non-payment - some customers disconnected from the main

Right sizing of meters based on customer demand profiles for effective recording of consumption esp. bulk meters

Introduced New Connection Policy – NWSC procures & install all water pipes & fitting and also maintains the service line – standardization of pipes & fittings - quality

Costs and Benefits

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Reduced NRW from 32% to 17% – reducing operating costs & saved more water for sales

Reduced leak repair costs – improved network performance

Strengthened staff capacity in water loss reduction

Enhanced public awareness & improved corporate image

Challenges

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Sustaining and improving performance further (Economic levels of leakage –ELL and Economic levels of apparent losses – ELAL).

Improving the accuracy of the individual components of the water balance for clear prioritisation of actions and investments

Re-zoning the network into hydraulic zones & DMAs

Accurate data for GIS and constructing network hydraulic models

Elimination of Illegal connections – dynamic problem

Appropriate NRW indicators to promote utility benchmarking

Lessons Learned

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Reducing NRW is an on-going activity and not a one-off exercise

NRW is expensive and needs investment to be reduced - is self financing in the long run.

Combating commercial losses requires less investments but high mgt commitment, community support & appropriate incentives

Pilot area projects are recommended for testing new techniques and quantifying costs and benefits of NRW reduction

Staff involvement & ownership is critical for successful reduction of NRW

Utility performance benchmarking is a powerful tool for reducing NRW.

Network Assets

Service Levels

Revenue Collection

Investment Strategy

Year 3

Treatment Works

Shareholders

Sustainable Water Services

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Conclusions

NRW is a problem for most Utilities worldwide

The water balance & PIs are effective tools for assessment of NRW and for performance benchmarking

The Entebbe case study demonstrates that significant water savings can be made even in developing countries with appropriate technical support and training

Address poor governance & institutional challenges

The Shared experience during this training should be a catalyst for action to save and conserve water

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Thank you for your Attention

Our Shared Objective:“Sustainable water services thru NRW reduction”