non-nursing theories
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Transcript of non-nursing theories
Non-nursing theories
Ed Kieper G. Sacdal
2
Human Needs Theory
“Human needs are a powerful source of explanation of human behaviour and social interaction. All individuals have needs that they strive to satisfy, either by using the system acting on the fringes or acting as a reformist or revolutionary. Given this condition, social systems must be responsive to individual needs, or be subject to instability and forced change (possibly through violence or conflict).”
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Maslow Burton Rosenberg Max NeefFood, water, shelter (1)
Distributive justice Physical Nurturance
Subsistence
Safety and security (2)
Safety, Security Interdependence Protection
Belonging or love (3)
Belongingness Love Integrity Affection
Self-esteem (4) Self-esteem Autonomy Understanding
Personal fulfilment (5)
Personal fulfilment Play Creation
Identity Celebration and mourning
Identity
Cultural security Spiritual Communion
Leisure, Idleness
Freedom Freedom
Participation Participation4
Human Needs, as presented by various theorists
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Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
Maslow’s theory assumes that a person attempts to satisfy the more basic needs before directing behavior toward satisfying upper-level needs.
Lower-order needs must be satisfied before a higher-order need begins to control a person’s behavior.
A satisfied need ceases to motivate.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
CHANGE THEORY
This theory depends on the
presence of driving and resistant
forces. The driving forces are the
change agents who push employees
in the direction of change. The
resistant forces are employees or
nurses who do not want the
proposed change. For this theory to
be successful, the driving force must
dominate the resistant force.
Force Field Analysis: Driving
ForcesDriving Forces are forces that
push in a direction that
causes change to occur.
They cause a shift in the
equilibrium towards change.
Force Field Analysis:
Restraining ForcesRestraining forces are forces that
counter driving forces. They oppose change.
Restraining forces cause a shift in the equilibrium which opposes change
Force Field Analysis: Equilibrium
Equilibrium is a state of being where driving forces equal restraining forces and no change occurs
Equilibrium can be raised or lowered by changes that occur between the driving and restraining forces
Kurt Lewin’s Change TheoryConsists of three distinct and vital
stages:
Unfreezing
Moving to a new level or Changing
Refreezing
Systems
Theory
System• A group of interacting, interrelated,
or interdependent elements or parts that function together as a whole to accomplish a goal.
• Large systems contain many sub-systems
Systems TheorySynergyInterdependenceInterconnections
◦within the organization ◦between the organization and the
environmentOrganization as ORGANISM“A set of elements standing in
inter-relations”
Two Assumptions
1. All phenomena can be viewed as a web of relationships among elements.
2. All systems have common patterns, behaviors, and properties that can be understood and used to develop greater insight into the behavior of complex phenomena.