Non-Metals and MetalloidsCHEMISTRY

Learning Goals

To be able to explain the properties of non-metals and metalloids within the periodic table

Properties of Non-Metals

Many are gases at room temperature, some are solids, one is a liquid

Solid non-metals have a dull lustre Solid non-metals are brittle Non-metals are usually poor conductors of electricity and

thermal energy Examples: carbon (C), oxygen (O), chlorine (Cl), and neon

(Ne)

Important Families

Non-metals are located on the right side of the staircase line

The last two groups are halogens (group 17) and noble gases (group 18)

Group 17 – Halogens

Members of the halogen family are highly reactive Fluorine (F) is the most reactive of the halogens and non-metals Pure chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I) are poisonous to living

things Chlorine is used to disinfect water, and iodine solution is used to

disinfect wounds Iodine tablets are used by campers to make water from a stream or

river safe to drink These elements are commonly used in halogen lights

Group 18 – Noble Gases

Noble gases are generally unreactive They are in the last group or column of the periodic

table Some noble gases are used to light neon signs

because the gases give off brightly coloured light when electricity passes through them

Other uses include helium (He) for balloons and xenon (Xe) for some vehicle headlights

Halogens

Noble Gases

Metalloids

Metalloids

Metalloids have properties in between those of metals and non-metals

All metalloids are solids at room temperature Some metalloids are weak conductors of electricity

and thermal energy Examples: boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge),

and arsenic (As)

Metalloids and Computers

Metalloids are very useful to the electronic industry because they can conduct electricity to some extent

Silicon and germanium are used to make semiconductors, which are part of computer chips

Success Criteria

I CAN describe the properties of non-metals and metalloids

I CAN locate the halogens, noble gases and metalloids on the periodic table

To Do…

Video Demonstrations Worksheet