Non-Mendelian Genetics - dvusd.org · •XhXh or XhY= hemophilia. •Males CAN’T be carriers of...
Transcript of Non-Mendelian Genetics - dvusd.org · •XhXh or XhY= hemophilia. •Males CAN’T be carriers of...
![Page 2: Non-Mendelian Genetics - dvusd.org · •XhXh or XhY= hemophilia. •Males CAN’T be carriers of an X-linked gene! Free PowerPoint Backgrounds Environmental genes Phenotype that](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040123/5e0c37f96a40f13cf6136017/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Free PowerPoint Backgrounds
For all of the inheritance patterns we will be
doing Punnett squares in class. Please leave
room in your notes to add those.
![Page 3: Non-Mendelian Genetics - dvusd.org · •XhXh or XhY= hemophilia. •Males CAN’T be carriers of an X-linked gene! Free PowerPoint Backgrounds Environmental genes Phenotype that](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040123/5e0c37f96a40f13cf6136017/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Free PowerPoint Backgrounds
Today, we know that genes often do not
follow Mendel’s Laws all the time! There are
exceptions…..
• Incomplete dominance
• Co-dominance
• Epistasis
• Polygenics
• Sex influenced
• Sex linkage
• Environmental genes
• Pleiotropy
![Page 4: Non-Mendelian Genetics - dvusd.org · •XhXh or XhY= hemophilia. •Males CAN’T be carriers of an X-linked gene! Free PowerPoint Backgrounds Environmental genes Phenotype that](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040123/5e0c37f96a40f13cf6136017/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Free PowerPoint Backgrounds
Incomplete dominance
• Characterized by a blending of traits. Phenotype of
offspring falls somewhere between each parent, when
genotype is heterozygotic. These intermediate
offspring are called roans.
• EX: Red horses (RR) crossed with white horses (rr)
produce Rr roans that are “pink” in color.
![Page 5: Non-Mendelian Genetics - dvusd.org · •XhXh or XhY= hemophilia. •Males CAN’T be carriers of an X-linked gene! Free PowerPoint Backgrounds Environmental genes Phenotype that](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040123/5e0c37f96a40f13cf6136017/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Free PowerPoint Backgrounds
Co-dominance
• Characterized by the
expression of both
alleles. Even the
recessive allele affects
the organism.
![Page 6: Non-Mendelian Genetics - dvusd.org · •XhXh or XhY= hemophilia. •Males CAN’T be carriers of an X-linked gene! Free PowerPoint Backgrounds Environmental genes Phenotype that](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040123/5e0c37f96a40f13cf6136017/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Free PowerPoint Backgrounds
EX: Blood type - A
and B are both
dominant!
• IAIA
or IAi= A type
• IAIB
= AB type
• IBIB
or IBi = B type
• ii = O type
![Page 7: Non-Mendelian Genetics - dvusd.org · •XhXh or XhY= hemophilia. •Males CAN’T be carriers of an X-linked gene! Free PowerPoint Backgrounds Environmental genes Phenotype that](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040123/5e0c37f96a40f13cf6136017/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Free PowerPoint Backgrounds
Epistasis
• Characterized where one set of genes (2 alleles) covers
or overrides a totally separate set of genes (2 other
alleles).
Ex: Heterochromia iridum
![Page 8: Non-Mendelian Genetics - dvusd.org · •XhXh or XhY= hemophilia. •Males CAN’T be carriers of an X-linked gene! Free PowerPoint Backgrounds Environmental genes Phenotype that](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040123/5e0c37f96a40f13cf6136017/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Free PowerPoint Backgrounds
Epistasis
Ex: Albinism. If an organisms carries the albino gene (a)
no matter what genes that organism has for color, the
organism will be albino.
B=black coat
a= albino
So a mouse with a
genotype of BBaa
will have NO
color!
![Page 9: Non-Mendelian Genetics - dvusd.org · •XhXh or XhY= hemophilia. •Males CAN’T be carriers of an X-linked gene! Free PowerPoint Backgrounds Environmental genes Phenotype that](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040123/5e0c37f96a40f13cf6136017/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Free PowerPoint Backgrounds
Polygenic traits
Characterized by many genes are needed to affect a
single trait.
Eye color
Hair color
![Page 10: Non-Mendelian Genetics - dvusd.org · •XhXh or XhY= hemophilia. •Males CAN’T be carriers of an X-linked gene! Free PowerPoint Backgrounds Environmental genes Phenotype that](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040123/5e0c37f96a40f13cf6136017/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Free PowerPoint Backgrounds
Sex influenced
Genes that are expressed differently based on hormones
produced by the sex chromosomes X or y.
EX: patterned baldness
![Page 11: Non-Mendelian Genetics - dvusd.org · •XhXh or XhY= hemophilia. •Males CAN’T be carriers of an X-linked gene! Free PowerPoint Backgrounds Environmental genes Phenotype that](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040123/5e0c37f96a40f13cf6136017/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Free PowerPoint Backgrounds
Sex linkage
• If the genes are on the
y, they are called
holandric. Ex: Ear hair
• Those carried on the X
are more abundant
• EX: Muscular Dystrophy
Characterized by genes carried on the X or Y
chromosomes.
![Page 12: Non-Mendelian Genetics - dvusd.org · •XhXh or XhY= hemophilia. •Males CAN’T be carriers of an X-linked gene! Free PowerPoint Backgrounds Environmental genes Phenotype that](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040123/5e0c37f96a40f13cf6136017/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Free PowerPoint Backgrounds
Lets do a
Punnett Square
to show this
• EX: Hemophilia
• XhXh or XhY= hemophilia.
• Males CAN’T be carriers of an X-linked gene!
![Page 13: Non-Mendelian Genetics - dvusd.org · •XhXh or XhY= hemophilia. •Males CAN’T be carriers of an X-linked gene! Free PowerPoint Backgrounds Environmental genes Phenotype that](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040123/5e0c37f96a40f13cf6136017/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Free PowerPoint Backgrounds
Environmental genes
Phenotype that changes as genes are exposed
to external stimuli, like temperature.
![Page 14: Non-Mendelian Genetics - dvusd.org · •XhXh or XhY= hemophilia. •Males CAN’T be carriers of an X-linked gene! Free PowerPoint Backgrounds Environmental genes Phenotype that](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040123/5e0c37f96a40f13cf6136017/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Free PowerPoint Backgrounds
Pleiotropy
One gene controls multiple expression.
EX: Genes for white coat color in dogs also
controls the ability to hear.