Non ferrous alloys.ppt
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Transcript of Non ferrous alloys.ppt
Non-Ferrous AlloysME-02 – Material Science & Metallurgy
150010119075 – Pinkal Patel
150010119078 – Ronak Patel
150010119081 – Yash Patel
Guided by: Prof. D. J. Darji
Non-Ferrous Alloys• As the name suggests, the material which do not contain
iron as major element are known as Non - Ferrous materials.
1.Aluminium
2.Copper
3.Tin
4.Lead
5.Magnesium
6.Zinc
7.Titanium• And alloys of these metals.
Aluminium & aluminium alloys Pure Al Al-alloys Powder aluminium
Deformable Cast alloys alloys
Heat- Non heat- Heat- Non heat- treatable treatable treatable treatable
Partial solubility
Nosolubility
Partial solubility
Nosolubility
Aluminium alloys Solubility1) Al-Cu-Mg-alloys (duraluminium) Cu → 5,7%
2) Al-Cu-Mg-Si-alloys (forgable) Mg → 14,9%
3) Al-Mg-Si-alloys (corrosion resistance)
4) Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-alloys (high strength)
5) Al-Cu-Mg-Ni-Fe-alloys (heat resistance)
Rm → 500 N/mm2; Rp0,2 → 390 N/mm2; A → 25%
Copper and copper alloys
Pure Cu Cu-alloys
Brasses Bronzes Cupronickels
Deformable Cast Deformable Cast
alloys alloys alloys alloys
• Moderate strength in the pure state
• Malleable and ductile• Very good electrical and thermal
conductor
• Good corrosion resistance• Alloys with Zinc to give brass• Alloys with Tin and others to
make bronze
Copper alloys
Cu-Ni alloys (→ 50% Ni)- permanent CTE
(constantan) – 45% Ni- corrosion resistant
(Ni+Fe+Mn) – 30% Ni
Cu with other elements - bronzes - Cu-Sn (tin bronzes) - Cu-Sn-P (phosphor bronzes) - Cu-Pb (lead bronzes) - Cu-Al (aluminium bronzes)
Cu - 25% Ni (coin melhior, cupronickel)Cu - 10-20% Ni + 20-35% Zn (new silver, alpaca)
-Cu-Si (silicon bronzes)-Cu-Be (beryllium bronzes)
Lead and lead alloys
• High Density• Corrosion Resistant• Malleable, but not ductile• Very soft and weak
Magnesium and magnesium alloys
Pure Mg Tm – 649 °C
Density – 1740 kg/m3 (lightest among the engineering materials)
Mg-alloys - Mg – Mn (up to 2,5 %)- Mg – Al – Zn (up to 10 % Al, 5 % Zn)
Heat treatment of Mg-alloysSimilar to Al-alloys
Quenching + age hardening (NA, AA → MgZn2, Mg4Al3 jt) → Rm ↑ 20 … 30 %
Magnesium alloysDesignation• deformable (ex MgMn2)• cast alloys (ex designation MCMgAl8 / material No. MC21110)
Deformable Mg-alloys
Mg cast alloys (EN173)
Designation Rm Rp0,2
N/mm2
A%
Applications
MgMn2MgAl8Zn
200 145310 215
156
Corrosion resistant, weldable cold formable; conteiners, car , aircraft and machine manufacturing
MCMgAl8Zn1MCMgAl6MCMgAl4Si
240 90190-250 120-150200-250 120-150
84-143-12
Good castability. Dynamically loadable. Car and aircraft manufacturing.
Zinc and zinc alloysPure Zn Tm – 419 °CDensity – 7140 kg/m3Good corrosion resistance
Zn- alloys ____________________________________Zn – Al Precision casting materialZn – Al – Cu Bearing alloy material
Designation Material No.ex ZnAl8Cu1 ZP0810
Z – Zn-alloy P – casting first two numbers – Al%, 3. ─ Cu%, 4.–T- rest
• No structural engineering uses in pure state• Used as sacrificial anodes to protect steel.• Used as an alloy with copper to produce brass• Used to corrosion coat steel by:
• Galvanising or• Plating
Zinc cast alloys
Designation Rm
N/mm2
Rpo,2
N/mm2
A%
HB Application
ZnAl4(ZP3)
280 200 10 83 Excellent castability,
ZnAl4Cu1(ZP5)
330 250 5 92 machinability;
ZnAl8Cu1(ZP8)
370 220 8 100 Universal applications:
ZnAl11Cu1(ZP12)
400 300 5 100 deep-draw and blow molds for plastics
ZnAl27Cu2(ZP27)
425 300 2,5 120
Titanium and titanium alloysPure Ti Tm – 1660 °C
Density – 4540 kg/m3
Very active to O, C, N → 2x hardnes increaseTi-alloys, classification Ti – Al – alloys (4…6 % Al) – α-alloys Ti – Al – Cr, V, Cu, Mo - alloys – α + β-alloys Ti – Al – Mo, Cr, Zr - alloys – β-alloysHeat treatment of TialloysHeating up to β-area (850…950 °C) and cooling → martensitictransformation.Ageing (450…600 °C) – max effect by β-stabilisators (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Si)Additional heat treatment – nitriding (750…900 HV)
Titanium alloys
Designation HB Rm
N/mm2
Rpo,2
N/mm2
A%
Applications
Ti 1…3 120-170
290-590
180-320
30-18
Weldable, machinable and cold formable.
Ti1Pd, Ti2 Pd
120-150
290-540
180-250
30-22
Corrosion resistant light constructions.
TiAl6V4 310 900-920
830-870
8 Machine elements in medicine, food,
ZnAL11Cu1(ZP12)
350 ≥ 1050 1050 9 chemical and aircraft industry.
Advantages:• highest specific strength • good formabilityDisadvantages:• need for a protective atmosphere at HT (Ar)• problematically casted (reacting with ladle material, ZrO2 must be used)
References
• www.wikipedia.org• www.altonmaterials.com• Material Science and Engineering by Callister