Non-cooperation Movement1920-1922

Started by Mahatma Gandhi

BackgroundIndia in an economic hardship so taxes

increase.Farmers forced to produce trade

crops(tobacco, cotton, spices, indigo, etc) instead of food crops. This leads to a famine.

British used India as a machine thinking that it would never warm up.

Indians unhappy from British rule. India was desperate to start a freedom struggle but lacked a leader, someone like Mahatma Gandhi. Many people did not understand the concept of Ahinsa.

Against Whom and WhyAgainst the British empire.For killing several hundred Indians pitilessly

at Jallianwala Baug and from later indignation at the government’s alleged failure to take adequate action against those responsible.

The movement was to consist of the resignations of titles; the boycott of government educational institutions, the courts, government service, foreign goods, and elections; and the eventual refusal to pay taxes.

SupportersRajendra Prasad Jawaharlal NehruSardar Vallabhbhai PatelMaulana AzadBhagat SinghChandra Shekhar AzadYounger generation of India

Aims of the MovementSurrender of all titles and Government postsBoycott of Government schools and collegesBoycott of all functions of the British GovernmentBoycott of law courtsBoycott of all foreign  articlesGiving up the policy for Indian soldiers in MesopotamiaFormation of Nyay PanchayatsDevelopment of small scale industriesDevelopment of communal harmonyUse of Swadeshi articlesEstablishment of national schoolsEnd of untouchability and caste-systemAdoption of non-violence in the whole country.

SatyagrahaTwo elements: Truth and non-violenceGandhi ji’s guidelines for a Satyagrahi in a

famous speech: “He should refuse to accept dishonesty and remains peaceful during extreme provocation.

He should not hate the person doing evil, he rather hates evil.

In order to prove the establish the truth, he deliver pain on the opponent, and rather accept suffering.

By the doing this, he would hope to arouse conscience in the man who has committed wrong. He has to give up fear, hatred and falsehood.”

Cause of failureFebruary 1, 1922 an angry mob killed British officers

by lighting a police station on fire in Chauri Chaura.Also, the mob burned down the police station killing

23 police officersAfter this incident, Gandhi ji himself called off the

movement. The Indian National Congress officially called of the

Non-Cooperation Movement on February 12, 1922.Why: People were not ready for a non-violent

movement.Such an incident could spark many othersDifficult to sustain such a large-scale movement for

a much longer time

Impact on the people and BritishGave boost to Indian textile industryMany new traders and manufacturers grew up Value of foreign imports reduced to half.British understood that Indians could

participate in natioanl movements in unity and their old divide-and-rule policy will not work here

Indian National Congress (INC) was no longer ‘a microscopic minority’ as it commanded the support and sympathy of millions of Indians.

British cautious from: Gandhi ji, INC, unity of Hindus and Muslims, and Satyagraha.

Thank YouPPT made by Aayush Gala