NON AQUEOUS NON AQUEOUS SOLVENTSSOLVENTSProf. Rani MugalProf. Rani Mugal

M.Sc Orgenic chemistryM.Sc Orgenic chemistryGovt.college Aron Distt. Govt.college Aron Distt.

Guna (M.P.)Guna (M.P.)

Mn(II)

Mn(VI)

Mn(

VII)

IntroductionIntroduction

► An An inorganic nonaqueous solventinorganic nonaqueous solvent is a is a solvent other than water, that is not an solvent other than water, that is not an organic compound. examples are liquid organic compound. examples are liquid ammonia, liquid sulfur dioxide, sulfuryl ammonia, liquid sulfur dioxide, sulfuryl chloride and sulfurychloride fluridef, chloride and sulfurychloride fluridef, phosphoryl chloride, dinitrogen tetroxide, phosphoryl chloride, dinitrogen tetroxide, antimony trichloride, bromine pentafluoride, antimony trichloride, bromine pentafluoride, hydrogen fluoride, pure sulfuric acid and hydrogen fluoride, pure sulfuric acid and other inorganic acids. These solvents are other inorganic acids. These solvents are used in chemical research and industry for used in chemical research and industry for reactions.reactions.

QuestionQuestion

► Is non aqueous solvent ?Is non aqueous solvent ?

A. NH3A. NH3

B.Liquid SO2B.Liquid SO2

C.HFC.HF

D.AllD.All

Classification of solventsClassification of solvents

►Classification of solvents based on Classification of solvents based on proton.proton.

►Classification of solvents based on Classification of solvents based on polar and non-polar solvents.polar and non-polar solvents.

►Classification of solvents on Classification of solvents on Aqueous and non- aqueous Aqueous and non- aqueous solventssolvents

►Protic or protoniProtic or protoni solvents solvents2NH3 ⇌ NH4+ (ammonium) + NH2− (amide) 2NH3 ⇌ NH4+ (ammonium) + NH2− (amide) 3HF ⇌ H2F+ + HF2- (hydrogen difluoride) 3HF ⇌ H2F+ + HF2- (hydrogen difluoride) 2H2SO4 ⇌ H3SO4+ + HSO4- 2H2SO4 ⇌ H3SO4+ + HSO4-

((A)Acidic or protogenic solvents.A)Acidic or protogenic solvents.

H2SO4,HCL,CH3COOH,HCN.H2SO4,HCL,CH3COOH,HCN. (B) Basic or protophilic solvents.(B) Basic or protophilic solvents.NH3, N2H4.NH3, N2H4.

►Aprotic orAprotic or non- protonic non- protonic solventssolvents..

► C6H6,CHCl3,CCl4,SO2.C6H6,CHCl3,CCl4,SO2.N2O4 ⇌ NO+ (nitrosonium) + NO3− (nitrate) N2O4 ⇌ NO+ (nitrosonium) + NO3− (nitrate) 2SbCl3 ⇌ SbCl2+ (dichloroantimonium) + SbCl4- 2SbCl3 ⇌ SbCl2+ (dichloroantimonium) + SbCl4-

(tetrachloroantimonate) (tetrachloroantimonate) POCl3 ⇌ POCl2+ + POCl4-POCl3 ⇌ POCl2+ + POCl4-

QuestenQuesten

►Which of the following are Amphiprotic Which of the following are Amphiprotic solvents? solvents?

1 H2SO41 H2SO4

2 HCl2 HCl

3 H2O3 H2O

4 CHCl34 CHCl3

1-Amphiprotic 1-Amphiprotic solventssolvents

It is present hydrogen in solvents.It is present hydrogen in solvents. Example.H2OExample.H2O

2-Polar and non-polar solvents.2-Polar and non-polar solvents.H2O,NH3,SO2. is polar.H2O,NH3,SO2. is polar.C6H6,CCl4. is non-polar.C6H6,CCl4. is non-polar.

3-Aqueous and non aqueous.3-Aqueous and non aqueous.H2O.H2O.NH3,SO2,….etcNH3,SO2,….etc

QuestenQuesten

►Which of the following are example of Which of the following are example of protonic solvent? protonic solvent?

1 HCN1 HCN

2 CHCl32 CHCl3

3 SO23 SO2

4 CCl44 CCl4

Physical properties of solventsPhysical properties of solvents

►Melting point and boiling point.Melting point and boiling point.►Dielectric constant.Dielectric constant.►Viscosity.Viscosity.

V(V)Cr(VI)

Mn(VII)

Chemical reactionChemical reaction

►Acid base reaction.Acid base reaction.►Precipitation reaction.Precipitation reaction.►Redox reaction.Redox reaction.►Solvation reaction.Solvation reaction.

QuestenQuesten

Agcl with Ba(NO3) into …?Agcl with Ba(NO3) into …? BaclBacl22 solution. solution.

BaclBacl22 presipitation. presipitation.

AgNOAgNO33.. No reaction.No reaction.

Reference booksReference books

► Inorganic Chemistry – Inorganic Chemistry – Dr.M.M.N.Tandan,Dr.D.S.Rathod Dr.M.M.N.Tandan,Dr.D.S.Rathod

►2. Inorganic Chemistry – 2. Inorganic Chemistry – Dr.G.C.Saxena,Dr.S.C.AgrawalDr.G.C.Saxena,Dr.S.C.Agrawal

►3. Inorganic chemistry – Cotton, 3. Inorganic chemistry – Cotton, Willkinson, Bochmann & Grimes Willkinson, Bochmann & Grimes