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NOMSA MOJELA

PRESENTATION OVERVIEW

ICAO AGL Definition.

Four Elements of AGL.

Airfield Classification and Categories of

Operation.

Systems Needed for Different Categories.

System Maintenance For Runway Lighting.

Taxiways And Apron Lighting.

System Maintenance for Taxiway Lighting.

Surface Movement Guidance System & Control

Systems.

Mains And Standby Power SUPPLY

ICAO ANNEX 14 VOLUME 1 DEFINITION

OF AIRPORT GROUND LIGHTHING.

“Any light specially provided as an aid to aircraft

navigation, other than a light displayed on an

aircraft.”

AGL contains four main elements and are

referred to as the “FOUR C’s”

• CONFIGURATION

• COLOUR

• CANDELAS

• COVERAGE

Configuration • Pattern

• Spacing

• Distance

Colour • Identification

• Instruct

• Inform

• Increase Conspicuity

Candelas • Output

• Illuminance

Coverage • Horizontally and Vertically

• Lenses

Of these four elements in AGL theory and

practice it should be noted that:

Configuration and Colour are fundamentally

the responsibility of the designer.

Candela and Coverage whilst also specified

in design standards, rely primarily on the

maintainer.

RUNWAY LIGHTS

TYPES OF LIGHTS FOUND

ON THE RUNWAY

AIRFIELD CLASSIFICATION AND

CATEGORIES OF OPERATIONS

Instrument Runway- A runway intended for the

operation of aircraft using instrument approach

procedures.

Non Instrument Runway- A runway intended

for the operation of aircraft using visual

approach procedures.

Instrument (non-precision) approach

runway- An instrument runway served by visual

aids or non visual aid providing at least

directional guidance adequate for straight in

approach.

Precision Approach Runway- An instrument

runway served by an Instrument Landing

System (ILS) and visual aids for operations

down to:

Category I – RVR of 550 meters

Category II - RVR of 300 meters

Category IIIA - RVR of 175 meters

Category IIIB – RVR of 50 meters

Category IIIC - Visibility nil

Where Runway Visual Range (RVR) is referred to

as the range over which the pilot of an aircraft on

the centre of a runway can see the runway surface

markings or the lights delineating the runway or

identifying its centre line.

SYSTEMS NEEDED FOR CATEGORIES

CAT I RVR OF 550M

900m Approach Lighting (Barrette or Distance

coded system).

Threshold Lights

Runway Edge Lights

Runway End Lights

Wing Bar Lights

4 Precision Approach Path Indicators

CAT II & III RVR OF 300-175m

All CAT I systems

Side Row Barrettes (Supplementary Approach

Lights)

Runway Centre Line Lights

Touch Down Zone Lights

NOTE: Each system must be wired with two

circuits, interleaving patterns. (As defined in ICAO

Aerodrome Design Manual Part 5, Electrical

Systems).

System Maintenance for CAT I

85 PER CENT OF THESE SYSTEMS SHALL BE

SERVICEABLE.

Precision Approach Category I Lighting System

Runway Threshold Lights

Runway Edge Lights

Runway End Lights

AT LEAST 95 PER CENT of the lights are

serviceable in the Runway Centre Line Lights

(where provided).

System Maintenance for CAT II & III

95 PER CENT OF THESE SYSTEMS SHALL BE

SERVICEABLE.

Precision Approach Category II and III Lighting

System, the inner 450 m

Runway Centre Line Lights

Runway Threshold Lights

Runway Edge Lights

90 PER CENT of the lights are serviceable in

the Touchdown Zone Lights.

85 PER CENT of the lights are serviceable in

the Approach Lighting System beyond 450 m.

75 PER CENT of the lights are serviceable in

the Runway End Lights.

System Maintenance for Non Precision

Runways

All runway lights shall be serviceable and that,

in any event, at least 85 per cent of the lights

are serviceable in the runway edge lights and

runway end lights.

NOTE: In order to provide continuity of guidance,

the allowable percentage of unserviceable lights

shall not be permitted in such a way as to alter the

basic pattern of the lighting system.

Additionally, an unserviceable light shall not be

permitted adjacent to another unserviceable light,

except in a barrette or a crossbar where two

adjacent unserviceable lights may be permitted.

Maintenance of AGL

WHEN SHOULD MAINTENANCE ON AGL BE

DONE?

100% light output SERVICEABLE.

70% light output NEEDS MAINTENANCE.

50% light out put UNSERVICEABLE.

HOW TO ENSURE SERVICEABILITY LEVELS?

BY Managing The AGL Maintenance Loop:

Measure - Photometric Performance

Maintain - Take remedial measures

Monitor - Continual Measurement

Manage - Procedures and Actions

TAXIWAY AND APRON LIGHTING

There are two distinct lighting systems employed

for showing pilots the route to be followed when

taxiing aircraft to and from the Runway or the

extent to the Apron.

BLUE Edge Lighting

GREEN Centreline Lighting (Mandatory for

CAT II & III)

Other Services installed that interface with the

Edge or Centreline lighting but function as

separate systems are:

Stop Bar Lights

Runway Guide Lights

Lead On Lights

Lead Off Lights (Rapid Exit Taxiway Lights)

Rapid Exit Taxiway Indicator Lights

System Maintenance for Taxiways

Taxiway lights intended for use in CAT II & III

runways, no two adjacent Taxiway Centre Line

Lights shall be unserviceable.

Stop Bars Lights intended for use in CAT II & III

runways, there shall be:

No more than two lights unserviceable.

No two adjacent lights will not remain

unserviceable unless the light spacing is

significantly less than that specified.

ANNEX 14 Vol 1 Chapter 10

ICAO Doc Part 9, Airport Maintenance

Practices

SMGS & CS FOR CAT II & III

OPERATIONS

A surface movement guidance and control system

(SMGCS) shall be provided at an aerodrome.

The design of an SMGCS should take into

account:

The density of air traffic;

The visibility conditions under which operations

are intended;

The need for pilot orientation;

The complexity of the aerodrome layout; and

Movements of vehicles.

Where an SMGCS is provided by selective

switching of stop bars and taxiway centre line

lights, the following requirements shall be met:

Taxiway routes which are indicated by

illuminated taxiway centre line lights shall be

capable of being terminated by an illuminated

stop bar.

The control circuits shall be so arranged that

when a stop bar located ahead of an aircraft is

illuminated, the appropriate section of taxiway

centre line lights beyond it is suppressed

(Interlocking).

The taxiway centre line lights are activated

ahead of an aircraft when the stop bar is

suppressed (Interlocking).

Surface Movement Radar

Surface movement radar for the manoeuvring

area should be provided at an aerodrome

intended for use in runway visual range

conditions less than a value of 350 m (CAT III).

Surface movement radar for the manoeuvring

area should be provided at an aerodrome when

traffic density and operating conditions are such

that regularity of traffic flow cannot be

maintained by alternative procedures and

facilities.

ANNEX 14 Chapter 5 & 9

ICAO Doc 9830

SACAA TGM for SMGS Advisory Circular.

MAINS AND STANDBY POWER SUPPLY

There are number of priority circuits in various

locations on the airport that able to operate with

short break in power supply and some areas

must retain continuity of services with no break

in power supply.

The three categories of power supply operated

in most airports are:

No- Break Services

Essential Services

Non- Essential Services

NO- BREAK SERVICES

Air Traffic Control Tower.

Operations Building.

Communication Centre.

CAT II and III AGL systems sub station.

ESSENTIAL SERVICES

CAT I AGL Systems.

Airport Fire and Rescue operation building.

Airport Terminal Building.

Water pumping station.

Meteorological Forecast Office complex.

Remote VHF/HF Radio Transmitter and

Receiver stations.

All Navaids Systems

NON- ESSENTIAL SERVICES

Services not included on the two of above

categories, will switch back to normal operation

once main power has been fully restored.

ANNEX 14 Chapter 8 Table 8-1 Provides the

Secondary Power Supply Requirements for

Visual & Radio Aids.

Thank you

SACAA Electrical Infrastructure

Inspectors:

Nomsa Mojela 083 461 6506

Mahlubandile Vuba 083 461 6708

Vincent Mulaudzi 083 461 6540

QUESTIONS