Nominal, Real and Effective exchange rate

8/7/2019 Nominal, Real and Effective exchange rate

1/9

Ay>Ay>"" Igoqe` Se|mkIgoqe` Se|mk


2/9

c Oj hojejim+ |gm mwigej`m qe|my oy ekyf djfpj ey |gm

hfqmo`j"mwigej`m qe|m+ hfqmw qe|m fq HW qe|m*

c Am|pmmj |pf i}qqmjiomy o| oy ysmiohoml a |gm mwigej`m

qe|my |ge| gfp b}ig fjm i}qqmji oy pfq|g oj |mqby fh|gm f|gmq*

c O| oy |gm xek}m fh e hfqmo`j je|ofjy i}qqmji oj |mqby fh

|gm gfbm je|ofjy i}qqmji* **

c Hfq ojy|ejim ej mwigej`m qe|m fh ?= Nesejmym mj 'NS_+ /|f |gm ]jo|ml Y|e|my lfkkeq ']YL+ ,/ bmejy |ge| |gm xek}m

fh NS_ ?= oy |gm yebm ey ]YL 5*


3/9

c \gm kmxmk fh |gm mwigej`m qe|m |edoj` eiif}j| fhojhke|ofj lohhmqmjimy*

c E pe fh bmey}qoj` |gm sqoim fh hfqmo`j `ffly jf| n}y|oj i}qqmji"eln}y|ml |mqby a}| ekyf oj sqoim"kmxmkeln}y|ml |mqby* ***

c \gm qmek mwigej`m qe|m oy jfqbekk |mqbml |gmoj|mqaejd qe|m ejl oy e j}bamq howml e| e imq|eoj |obmfh le hfq aejdy |qeloj` am|pmmj |gmbymkxmy pgoig oyfh|mj }yml eqf}jl |gm pfqkl ey |gm fhhoioek qe|m*


4/9

c Hfq ojy|ejim+ |gm i}qqmj| !Qmek! qe|m am|pmmj |gm ]Y Lfkkeq ejl

|gm M}qf oy>

5 ]YL 2 3*080398 M]Q ejl 5 M]Q 2 5*93901 ]YL*

c A}| pgmj bedoj` mwigej`my fh i}qqmji |gm aejd jfqbekk

igeq`my e hmm hfq |gm |qejyei|ofj |f se hfq |gm sqfimyyoj` ejl

ey e gml`m e`eojy| e qe|m igej`m fii}qqoj` amhfqm |gm iej

bedm e keq`mq oj|mqaejd mwigej`m*

c Lfkkeqy hfq M}qfy f} bo`g| `m| 3*01 M}qfy smq Lfkkeq qe|gmq

|gej |gm 3*080 M}qf oj|mqaejd 'qmek/ qe|m*c Fj |gm hkos yolm fh |ge| oy igej oj` f}q M}qfy hfq Lfkkeqy pgmqm

f} bo`g| `m| 5*1= Lfkkeqy hfq meig M}qf mwigej`ml ojy|mel fh

|gm 5*93 oj|mqaejd qe|m*


5/9

c \gm QMQ oy fjk e |gmfqm|oiek olmek*

c Bej hfqmo`j i}qqmjiomy ejl sqoim kmxmk xek}my |f |edm

oj|f ifjyolmqe|ofj*

c H}q|gmqbfqm+ |gm bflmk oy aeyml fj s}qigeyoj` sfpmqseqo| 'SSS/+ pgoig obskomy e ifjy|ej| QMQ*

c Hfq mwebskm+ oh |gm sqoim fh e `ffl ojiqmeymy 53- oj |gm

]D+ ejl |gm Nesejmym i}qqmji yob}k|ejmf}yk

essqmioe|my 53- e`eojy| |gm ]D i}qqmji+ |gmj |gmsqoim fh |gm `ffl qmbeojy ifjy|ej| hfq yfbmfjm oj

Nesej* \gm smfskm oj |gm ]D+ gfpmxmq+ pf}kl y|okk gexm

|f lmek po|g |gm 53- ojiqmeym oj lfbmy|oi sqoimy*


6/9

c Mhhmi|oxm mwigej`m qe|m oy pmo`g|ml exmqe`m fh e aeydm| fhhfqmo`j i}qqmjiomy*

c O| iej am xompml ey ej fxmqekk bmey}qm fh |gm if}j|qymw|mqjek ifbsm|o|oxmjmyy*

c Jfbojek Mhhmi|oxm Mwigej`m Qe|m>"e/ E if}j|qy JMMQ oy e pmo`g|ml exmqe`m fh o|y i}qqmji

mwigej`m qe|my po|g o|y benfq |qeloj` seq|jmqy i}qqmjiomy*

a/ \gm pmo`g|oj`y pokk am aeyml fj |gm kmxmk fh |qelm po|g

meig |qeloj` seq|jmq*i/ \g}y e JMMQ `oxmy e b}ig am||mq xomp fh igej`my oj eif}j|qy |mqby fh |qelm po|g |gm qmy| fh |gm Pfqkl |gejaoke|mqek fq YLQ qe|my*


7/9

c Qmek Mhhmi|oxm Mwigej`m Qe|m>"

c Ej obsfq|ej| qmhojmbmj| fh |gm JMMQ oy |gm Qmek Mhhmi|oxm

Mwigej`m Qe|m 'QMMQ/*

c \goy oy seq|oi}keqk }ymh}k oj ifjyolmqoj` ifbseqe|oxm igej`my

oj e if}j|qy qmek mifjfboi ioqi}by|ejimy*

c Oh |gm ysf| beqdm| qe|m hfq e if}j|q fq o|y JMMQ ygfpy e

lfpjpeql |qmjl |goy if}kl am amie}ym f|gmq if}j|qomy eqm

amifboj` qmke|oxmk bfqm sqfl}i|oxm* A}| o| if}kl eqoym hqfb e

lohhmqmjim oj ojhke|ofj qe|my am|pmmj |ge| if}j|q ejl f|gmqyoj |gm Pfqkl*

c \gm QMMQ oy e JMMQ po|g sqoim fq keaf}q ify| ojhke|ofj

qmbfxml*


8/9

c \gm qmek mwigej`m qe|m oy lmhojml ey |gm jfbojek mhhmi|oxm

mwigej`m qe|m eln}y|ml hfq bfxmbmj|y oj sqoimy* O| oy

ieki}ke|ml ey hfkkfpy>


9/9

Nominal, Real and Effective exchange rate

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