Nomenclature Naming Compounds. Ionic Compounds Metal bonding with non-metal One atom gains...
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Transcript of Nomenclature Naming Compounds. Ionic Compounds Metal bonding with non-metal One atom gains...
![Page 1: Nomenclature Naming Compounds. Ionic Compounds Metal bonding with non-metal One atom gains electrons, one atom loses electrons Exist as ions with full.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032604/56649e675503460f94b61f41/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Nomenclature
Naming Compounds
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Ionic Compounds• Metal bonding with non-metal• One atom gains electrons, one atom loses
electrons• Exist as ions with full highest energy levels.• Are held together in a giant crystal by the
electrostatic attraction of the opposite charges.
• The metal is named first; the nonmetal gets “ide” at the end of it’s name.
• Ex. CaCl2 Calcium chloride
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There is no real bond between the ions. There is just strong attraction
between the opposite charges.
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MetalsNon-MetalsRule #1
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Writing Ionic Formulas
• Determine the charge on each ion.• Find the lowest common multiple that
will balance the charge.ex. Calcium Chloride Ca+2 Cl-
+2 x2=-2 (to balance the charge)
CaCl2
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Sodium phosphideMagnesium tellurideLithium chlorideBarium carbideStrontium arsenide
Try theseMetal & Non-metal
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Ionic Compounds part II• The transition metal is named first
with a Roman numeral to indicate the charge on the ion; the nonmetal gets “ide” at the end of its name.
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Transition Metals
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Non- metalsRule #2
Transition Metals
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Non- metalsRule #2
Transition Metals
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What is the name of CuO ?
We know that oxygen has a charge of –2.
Therefore, copper must have a charge of +2.
We must indicate the charge of the transition metal.
Copper (II) oxide
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Fe3N2
NiBr3
CoCl2HgISnS2
Try these:Transition Metal & Non-metal
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Fe3N2
Iron was multiplied by 3 and nitrogen (-3) was multiplied by 2 (-6) so that the charges would balance.
The charge on Iron must have been +2.
Iron (II) nitride
Try these:Transition Metal & Non-metal
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NiBr3
The charge (from the periodic table) on Br is –1.
Br was multiplied by 3 (hence the subscript), so the charge on Nickel MUST be +3.
Nickel (III) Bromide
Try these:Transition Metal & Non-metal
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CoCl2The charge (from the periodic table) on Cl
is –1.Chlorine was multiplied by 2 (hence the
subscript), so the charge on Cobalt MUST be +2.
Cobalt (II) Chloride
Try these:Transition Metal & Non-metal
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HgIThe charge (from the periodic table) on I
is –1.Iodine was not multiplied by anything (no
subscript), so the charge on Mercury MUST be +1.
Mercury (I) Iodide
Try these:Transition Metal & Non-metal
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MnO2
The charge (from the periodic table) on O is –2.
Oxygen was multiplied by 2 (hence the subscript), so the charge on Manganese MUST be +4.
Manganese (IV) Oxide
Try these:Transition Metal & Non-metal
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Formula writing with transition metals
Simple!ex. Nickel (II) IodideThe charge on the nickel ion is
obviously +2.The charge on iodide is always -1. Therefore, the formula is: NiI2
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Ionic Compounds part III
• Bonding with a Polyatomic ion• The metal is named first; the polyatomic
anion is named second (a polyatomic cation is named first).
Ex. Li3PO4 Lithium phosphate
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OH-1
SO4-2
NO3-1
CO3-2
PO4-3
NH4+1
ClO3-1
Polyatomic Ions thatwe use in science 10:
hydroxidesulfatenitratecarbonatephosphateammoniumchlorate
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NaOHK2SO4
Ba(NO3)2
CuCO3
Li3PO4
NH4Cl
Try these:Polyatomic Ion
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NaOHK2SO4
Ba(NO3)2
CuCO3
Li3PO4
NH4ClO3
Try these:
Sodium HydroxidePotassium SulfateBarium NitrateCopper(II) CarbonateLithium PhosphateAmmonium Chlorate
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Writing FormulasCalcium sulfatePotassium carbonateAmmonium hydroxideIron (III) chlorateCopper (I) phosphateZinc sulfate
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Ionic Bondingvs
Molecular Bonding
Makes "Compounds” vs Makes "Molecules"Transfers electrons vs Shares electronsMetals & Nonmetals vs Made of NonmetalsPositive & Negative vs NeutralWeak Bond vs Strong bondNaCl KOH CaCl2 vs H2O CO2 NH3 CH4
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Molecular Compounds• Non-metals bond with
non-metals.• Atoms share electrons.• The number of each atom
present is indicated by a prefix.• Add “ide” to the end of the
second atom’s name.
Prefixes
Mono
Di
Tri
Tetra
Penta
Hexa
Hepta
Octa
Nona
Deca
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Non- metalsRule #3
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ex.
N2O dinitrogen monoxide
NO nitrogen monoxide
N2O3 dinitrogen trioxide
NO2 nitrogen dioxide *
N2O4 dinitrogen tetroxide
N2O5 dinitrogen pentoxide
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ex.
N2O dinitrogen monoxide
NO nitrogen monoxide
N2O3 dinitrogen trioxide
NO2 nitrogen dioxide *
N2O4 dinitrogen tetroxide
N2O5 dinitrogen pentoxide
* When the first atom is singular, the prefix “mono” is not used.
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Try These:Non-metal & Non-metal
SO3
XeF6
KrF2
BrCl5SCl4PF3
As4O10
N2O3
sulfur trioxidexenon hexafluoridekrypton difluoridebromine pentachloridesulfur tetrachloridephosphorus trifluoridetetrarsenic decoxidedinitrogen trioxide
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Writing Formulas• Write each atom’s symbol with a
subscript equal to the prefix.
Ex. Hexaphosphorus tribromide P6Br3
Pentatellurium mononitride Te5N
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Try these
dinitrogen pentasulfidecarbon monoxideheptasulfur trioxidexenon hexafluoridetrisulfur hexafluoridephosphorus pentachloridenitrogen monoxidedibismuth trichloride
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Try these
dinitrogen pentasulfide N2S5
carbon monoxide C0
heptasulfur trioxide S7O3
xenon hexafluoride XeF6
trisulfur hexafluoride S3F6
phosphorus pentachloride PCl5
nitrogen monoxide NO
dibismuth trichloride Bi2Cl3