Nomenclature
description
Transcript of Nomenclature
Nomenclature
Naming
Compounds
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
•Name positive element first with its normal name
•Name negative element last & change its ending to -ide
KCl CrO2
CaCl2 Mn2O5
Al2O3 H2S
Na2O etc
Name Each:
FeCl2
FeCl3
If the Positive element is not from columns I or II
•its ox # must be determined and written in roman numerals
Determining the Charge
1) Add up the oxidation numbers of all the negative elements
2) The positive portion must balance out the negative portion
3) Divide the positive portion by the metal subscript
Name Each:
CaCl2 TiF2
K2O LiF
Deriving Formulas• Write the symbol for each
element
• Determine each element’s charge & apply subscripts to balance charge
Derive Formulas•Magnesium chloride
•Lead(II)sulfide
•Iron(III)carbide
•Same rules as ionic compounds except:
•use geometric prefixes to determine the # of each atom
Geometric Prefixes1-mono 5-penta2-di 6-hexa3-tri 7-hepta4-tetra etc
CO S2O3
N2H4 SO3
Name Each:
Write formulas for:•Sodium sulfide
•Lead (II) iodide
•Diphosphorus
pentoxide
Write formulas for:
•Chromium(III) oxide
•Aluminum carbide
•Dibromine heptoxide
Polyatomic Ion
•A group of atoms chemically
combined that together has a
charge
•Most are oxoanions
•PO4-3 SO4
-2
•A root element bound to oxygen
Naming Polyatomic
Ions
Google Polyatomic Ion
Chart at Home & Learn the Chart
•Learn the polyatomic table on the internet
•Learn how to use the periodic table to determine polyatomic ions
•Name the root element
•Change the ending
to -ate
•PO4-3 = phosphate
•Some are unusual
CN-1 OH-1
C2H3O2-1
C2O4-2
H2O H3O+1
NH3 NH4+1
Polyatomic Ion Endings
•Maximum O = -ate
•1 less than max O = -ite
•SO4-2 = sulfate
•SO3-2 = sulfite
Naming Ternary
Compounds
•Follow ionic rules for naming the compound
•Name the polyatomic ion as the positive or negative portion
CaCO3
K2SO4
Name Each:
Ti(NO3)2
CaSO3
MnSO4
Name:
Write Formulas For:•Lead (II) nitrate
•Aluminum sulfate
•Potassium chromate
•Ammonium phosphite
Name the Following:
BaSO4 CuNO3
SO2 (NH4)3PO4
Column 7 Dilemma for Polyatomic Ions
• There are 2 polyatomic names (-ate & -ite) for each root element.
• Polyatomic ions from column 7 have 4 possibilities
ClO4-1
ClO3-1
ClO2-1
ClO-1
4 examples from Column 7
ClO4-1 perchlorate
ClO3-1 chlorate
ClO2-1 chlorite
ClO-1 hypochlorite
4 examples from Column 7
IO4-1 periodate
IO3-1 iodate
IO2-1 iodite
IO-1 hypoiodite
Also true for others
Naming Acids
•___ ide ions become:
•hydro ___ ic acids
•___ ate ions become:
•___ ic acids
•___ ite ions become:
•___ ous acids
Name or Give Formulas For:
•HBr(aq) H2SO4(aq)
•NaNO3 (NH4)3PO3
•Phosphoric acid
•Nitric acid
•Chloric acid
Derive formulas for each:
•Cesium oxide
•Barium chloride
•Calcium phosphide
•Aluminum sulfide
Write Formulas For:•Magnesium nitrate
•Aluminum phosphate
•Potassium nitrite
•Ammonium chloride
•Fe2(SO4)3
•H2CrO4
•SF6
Review for Test 1
Classify types of matter
•Dirt
•Sodium
•Glucose
•Vodka
Classify properties
•Color
•Shape
•Ability to burn
Convert the following:
•2.1 mg to g
•3.2 km to cm
•4.8 Gm/Ms to m/ns
Name each of the following:
KCl MnSO4
SO2 HI(aq)
NaNO3 HClO
H2CO3(aq) NH4BrO4
Name each of the following:
NH4Cl BaSO4
KC2H3O2 K2HPO3
KNO3 CuBrO
Li2CO3 MgC2O4
Derive formulas for each:
•Silicon dioxide
•phosphorus trichloride
•Sulfur hexafluoride
•Iodine trifluoride
Derive formulas for each:
•Potassium sulfate
•Lead(II)chromate
•Aluminum hydroxide
•Ammonium cyanide
Name each of the following:
•SeO CS2
•NO2 Cl2O
•N2O4 PCl3
% Composition• Determine the mass of each
element in the compound.
• Determine the total mass of the compound
• Divide each portion by the total & multiply by 100 %
Determine the % composition each element in:
Fe2O3
C3H6O3
BaCl2*2H2O
Name each of the following:
•SO4-2 SO3
-2
•PO4-3
NO3-1
•ClO4-1
ClO3-1
•ClO2-1
ClO-1
Derive formulas for each:
Chromate Sulfate
Arsenate Nitrate
Arsenite Cyanide
Bromite Acetate
Name each of the following:
HCl H2SO4
H2S H3PO3
HNO3 HBrO
H2CO3 HBrO4
Derive formulas for each:
•Chromic acid
•Hydroiodic acid
•Sulfurous acid
•Bromic acid
Name each of the following:
•CuO MnS
•PbO2 Cu2O
•CrCl2 MnF2
•CrCl3 SnCl4
Name each ofthe following:
FeO
Fe2O3
Derive formulas for each:
•Lead(IV)oxide
•Copper(II)sulfide
•Manganese(VII)oxide
•Nickel(II)fluoride
Nameeachofthefollowing:
•BaCO3
•KNO2
•CuClO3
•Al2(SO4)3
Name each of the following:
•Cl2O SO2
•N2O3 P2O5
•CO2 CO
•SO3 N2H4
Name each of the following:
NaCl MnSO4
S2O3 HBr(aq)
Na2CO3 HClO
HNO3(aq) NH4IO4