Noise and Vibration Assessment and Management · 1 INTRODUCTION 7 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 7 2.1 NOISE...

Appendix D Noise and vibration assessment and management plan

Acoustics Vibration Air Quality Mechanical & Structural Systems Fluid Mechanics Sustainability Building Technologies

Roads and Maritime Services

Sparks Road –Hiawatha to Warnervale Township Link

Noise and Vibration Assessment and Management

Report No. 29N-12-0034-TRP-471442-3-draft 02 Jul 2012




29N-12-0034-TRP-471442-3-draft October 2012 Page 2 of 45

Commercial-in-Confidence

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REPORT NO: 29N-12-0034-TRP-471442-3-draft PREPARED FOR: PREPARED BY: Roads and Maritime Services Vipac Engineers & Scientists Ltd PO Box 766 Woy Woy Shop 5 Shopping Village Laycock Street NSW 2256 Carey Bay NSW 2283 AUSTRALIA Contact: Ray Beattie e: [email protected] t: +61 2 4379 7027 t: +61 2 4950 5833 f: +61 2 4379 7032 f: +61 2 4950 4276

AUTHOR:

Lynne Tan Date: 18/02/2013 Project Engineer

REVIEWED BY:

Ian Guy Date: 18/02/2013 Reviewing Engineer

ISSUED BY:

Lynne Tan Date: 18/02/2013 Project Engineer

REVISION HISTORY: Revision No. Date Issued: Reason/Comments:

0 13/09/2012 Initial issue 1 28/09/2012 Response to comments 2 3

6/10/2012 19/10/2012

Response to comments Minor Alternation

DISTRIBUTION: Copy No. 2 Location

1 Project Folder 2 Uncontrolled Copy Client (PDF Format)

KEYWORDS: NOTE: This is a controlled document within the document control system. If revised, it must be marked SUPERSEDED and returned to the VIPAC QA Representative.

mailto:[email protected]






EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Vipac Engineers and Scientists Ltd (VIPAC) was commissioned by Roads & Maritime Services (RMS) to prepare a Noise & Vibration Management Plan as part of the Environmental Management Plan for Construction work proposed for Sparks Road, Warnervale extending between the Virginia Road and Hiawatha Road intersections.

This Noise & Vibration Management Plan is prepared in accordance with the:

• Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) NSW “Interim Construction Noise Guideline”,

• Transport Construction Authority (TCA) NSW “Construction Noise Strategy”;

• OEH NSW “Industrial Noise Policy”

• OEH NSW “Assessing Vibration: A technical guideline”

• RMS “Environmental Noise Management Manual”

• AS 2436-2010 “Guide to Noise Construction, Maintenance and Demolition Sites”

• DIN 4150-3:1992 “Structural Vibration – Effects of vibration on structures”

Noise produced during each stage of the construction program is predicted to exceed manageable noise levels at most sensitive receivers. These predictions are based on a conservative assumption that construction operations and activities are situated at the closest distances to noise sensitive receivers, which relates to the highest impact on the local community.

As required by the NSW Interim Construction Guidelines reasonable and feasible noise mitigation will need to be considered and community consultation will be required.

Construction Noise and Vibration Management Plan on the proposed intersection work is outlined in Section 7.






TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION 7

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 7

2.1 NOISE SENSITIVE RECEPTOR 10

2.2 NOISE MONITORING 11

3 CONSTRUCTION NOISE CRITERIA 12

3.1 NSW OEH “INTERIM CONSTRUCTION NOISE GUIDELINE” 12

3.1.1 RESIDENCES AND OTHER SENSITIVE LAND USES 12

3.1.2 ASSESSING IMPACTS 14

3.2 SLEEP DISTURBANCE 15

3.3 TRANSPORT FOR NSW CONSTRUCTION NOISE STRATEGY 16

4 CONSTRUCTION VIBRATION CRITERIA 17

4.1 HUMAN RESPONSE TO VIBRATION 17

4.1.1 OEH ASSESSING VIBRATION: A Technical Guideline 17

4.1.2 British Standard 6472:1992- Evaluation of Human Exposure to Vibration in Buildings 18

4.2 STRUCTURAL RESPONSE TO VIBRATION 20

4.2.1 German Standard DIN 4150-3:1999 – Structural Vibration – Effects of Vibration on Structures 20

4.2.2 British standard 7385 Part 2 – 1993 Guidelines 22

4.2.3 Construction Vibration Assessment Criteria Summary 23

5 CONSTRUCTION NOISE & VIBRATION GOALS 25

6 CONSTRUCTION NOISE & VIBRATION ASSESSMENT 26

6.1 HOURS OF CONSTRUCTION 26

6.2 PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 26

6.3 PREDICTED CONSTRUCTION NOISE LEVELS 27

6.3.1 Sleep Disturbance Assessment 38






6.3.2 Discussion 40

6.4 CONSTRUCTION VIBRATION ASSESSMENT 41

7 CONSTRUCTION NOISE AND VIBRATION MANAGEMENT PLAN 42

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Construction region and receivers - Proposed Intersection to Warnervale Township 8

Figure 2: Construction region and receivers- Hiawatha to Minnesota Link 8

Figure 3: Construction region and receivers – Minnesota to Warnervale Township Link 9

Figure 4: Prediction and Assessment of impacts- Quantitative method 14

Figure 5: BS 6472 building vibration levels. Z-axis. 18

Figure 6: DIN 4150-3 Vibration Limits 21

Figure 7: Transient Vibration Guide for Cosmetic Damage 23

Figure 8: Human Disturbance and Building Damage Guide Values 24

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Noise Sensitive Receivers 10

Table 2: Construction activities and equipment involved 11

Table 3: Monitoring Location 11

Table 4: Noise at residence using Quantitative Assessment 12

Table 5: Noise at sensitive land uses (other than residences) using quantitative assessment 13

Table 6: Transport for NSW Additional Mitigation Abbreviations 16

Table 7: Transport for NSW Additional Mitigations 16

Table 8: Acceptable vibration dose values (m/s1.75) for intermittent vibration in residential buildings 19

Table 9: Peak Particle velocity for z-axis 19

Table 10: DIN4150-3 Vibration Limits 20






Table 11: Transient vibration guide values for cosmetic damage 22

Table 12: Existing Noise levels, dB (A) 25

Table 13: Noise Criteria at receivers 25

Table 14: Human perception and cosmetic damage criteria (minimum value) 26

Table 15: Construction activities and Sound Powel Levels 27

Table 16: Stage 1- Predicted Noise level 28

Table 17: Stage 2- Predicted Noise Levels 31

Table 18: Stage 3- Predicted Noise Levels 34

Table 19: Stage 1- Sleep disturbance assessment 38



Table 22: Vibration levels of equipment 41






1 INTRODUCTION

VIPAC Engineers and Scientists Ltd (VIPAC) was commissioned by Roads & Maritime Services (RMS) to prepare a Noise & Vibration Management Plan as part of the Environmental Management Plan for Construction work on the proposed intersection on Sparks Road, Warnervale which extends between the Virginia Road and Hiawatha Road intersections.

This Noise & Vibration Management Plan is prepared in accordance with the:

• Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH) NSW “Interim Construction Noise Guideline”;

• OEH NSW “Industrial Noise Policy”;

• OEH NSW “Assessing Vibration: a technical guideline”;

• Road & Maritime Services (RMS) “Environmental Noise Management Manual”;

• Transport Construction Authority (TCA) NSW “Construction Noise Strategy”;

• AS 2436-2010 “Guide to Noise Construction, Maintenance and Demolition Sites”;

• DIN 4150-3:1992 “Structural vibration – effects of vibration on structures”.

The steps for managing noise impacts from construction are as follow:

• Identifies the locations of proposed works.

• Identifies the sensitive receiver locations with respect to proposed works.

• Define noise management levels for the sensitive locations.

• Describe the nature of the works to be undertaken and their intended duration.

• Predict levels of noise and vibration from construction work at the identified sensitive receivers.

Provide reasonable and feasible mitigation and management strategies where the noise management levels are exceeded.

2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The proposed work for Sparks Road, Warnervale extends between the Virginia Road and Hiawatha Road intersections. The upgrade to Sparks Road will provide an access way into the future Warnervale Township and cater for the regional and development traffic growth of the area.






Figure 1: Construction region and receivers - Proposed Intersection to Warnervale Township

Figure 2: Construction region and receivers- Hiawatha to Minnesota Link

L1

R1

R2

R3

R4

R5

R6

R10

R11

R12

L4

Construction area 1

Construction Area 3

R7

R8 R9






Figure 3: Construction region and receivers – Minnesota to Warnervale Township Link

L3

R13 R14

R15 R16

R17

A1

S1

L2

Construction Area 2






2.1 NOISE SENSITIVE RECEPTOR

The nearest noise sensitive receivers are shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3. The letter “R” denotes as residential area, “S” is for education building, “A” is for aged care facilities.

This assessment focuses on the closest of the nominated receiver types in relation to each construction region of the project. A summary of the receivers subject to this assessment is listed in Table 1.

Table 1: Noise Sensitive Receivers

Location ID Address Approximate Distance (metres) to

Construction Area1

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3

Refer to Figure 1

R1

R2

R3

R4

R5

R6

94 Sparks Road

10, Virginia Road

2, Sparks Road

21, Virginia Road

15, Virginia Road

1, Virginia Road

50

110

34

310

221

138

150

265

270

559

534

474

539

668

653

954

937

894

Refer to Figure 2

R7 6.8.10.12.14.16,18,20,22,24 Greybox Crescent 574 385 22

R8 4, Alpine Ash Road, 3-8, Flame Tree Close, 550 158 14

R9

R10

R11

R12

1-3 Alpine Ash Road

2,4,5,8 Minnesota Road

Ridgeland Street

Ridgewood Drive

474

415

732

733

90

65

353

357

12

45

64

92

Refer to Figure 3

R13

R14

R15

R16

R17

A1

21-25 Middletree Close




1,13 & 12 Burra Ct, 9,11,13,15, &19 Minnesota road

1-7 Minnesota Road

176

230

175

241

335

279

5

5

60

57

98

5

188

143

195

153

107

74

1 Distance measured from the nearest boundary to the proposed construction work area.






Staged road construction activities are typically scheduled as follows:

• Phase 1 – Clearing and grubbing by chainsaw, chipper, trucks and loader

• Phase 2 - Excavation of drainage lines and removal of existing kerb by excavator, hand jackhammer and a truck to take away the waste.

• Phase 3- Stripping and stockpiling of topsoil by bulldozer, graders, loader and trucks.

• Phase 4- Surface preparation by graders, milling machine and trucks.

• Phase 5- Compaction by rollers and vibrating compactors with trimming by graders. A truck to deliver materials for compaction.

• Phase 6- Application of wearing surface by pavers and rollers. Table 2: Construction activities and equipment involved

Construction Activities

Clearing and grubbing

Drainage/removal kerb and road

pavement

Stripping and stockpiling

Surface Preparation Compaction Wearing

Surface

Equipment used

Chainsaw Excavator Bulldozer Grader Roller Paver

Dump Trucks Dump Truck Grader Milling Machine

Vibrating Compactor Roller

Chipper Hand jack Hammer Dump truck Dump Truck Grader

Loader Loader

2.2 NOISE MONITORING

Environmental noise loggers were installed at the site to measure the current ambient noise levels associated with the proposed work location. The monitoring location is detailed in Table 3 and is shown on Figure 1 to Figure 3

Table 3: Monitoring Location

Date Location Description Instrument Serial No.

L1

L2

L3

L4

29/03/12– 5/04/12

18/06/12 – 25/06/12

18/06/12 – 25/06/12

10/02/10- 15/02/10

94 Sparks Road- 21 metres to road

School- 27 metres to road

86 sparks Road- 10 metres to road

71 Sparks Road- 25 metres to road

LD 870

Duo Db 1

LD 870

LD 870

1461

10303

1464

1464

The environmental noise loggers were programmed to accumulate noise data continuously over sampling periods of 15-minute for the entire monitoring period. Internal software then calculated and stored the Ln percentile noise levels for each sampling period, which can later be retrieved for detailed analysis.






The instrument was calibrated using a Rion NC-73 calibrator immediately before and after monitoring and showed a maximum error of 0.5 dB.

3 CONSTRUCTION NOISE CRITERIA

3.1 NSW OEH “INTERIM CONSTRUCTION NOISE GUIDELINE”

The NSW Interim Construction Noise Guideline was developed by the NSW - OEH and contains detailed procedures for the assessment and management of construction noise impacts.

The Guideline presents two ways of assessing construction noise impacts – the quantitative method, which is generally suited to longer-term construction, and the qualitative method, which is generally suited to short-term works such as infrastructure maintenance. Due to the length of the proposed works, a quantitative method will be followed.

3.1.1 RESIDENCES AND OTHER SENSITIVE LAND USES

Table 4 and Table 5 set out the management levels for noise at residences and sensitive land uses, respectively. Restrictions to the hours of construction may apply to activities that generate noise at residences above the ‘highly noise affected’ noise management level.

Table 4: Noise at residence using Quantitative Assessment

Time of Day Management level LAeq(15min)

1

Recommended standard hours Monday to Friday - 7 am to 6pm Saturday - 8am to 1 pm No Work on Sundays or Public holidays

Noise affected RBL

2 + 10dB

Highly noise affected3 75dB

Outside recommended standard hours Noise affected RBL2 + 5dB

1 Noise levels apply at the boundary that is most exposed to construction noise and at a height of 1.5 m above ground level. If the property boundary is more than 30m from the residence, the location for measuring or predicting noise levels is at the most noise-affected point within 30m of the residence. Noise levels may be higher at upper floors of the noise-affected residence. 2 RBL is the Rating Background Level as defined in the OEH Industrial Noise Policy. 3 LAeq 15-minute ≥ 75 dB is highly likely to generate strong community reactions and should be avoided.






Table 5: Noise at sensitive land uses (other than residences) using quantitative assessment

Land use Management Level, LAeq(15min ) Applies when properties are being used

Classrooms at schools and other educational institutions Internal Noise level 45dB(A)

Hospital wards and operating theatres Internal Noise levels 45

Where internal noise management levels are specified, the external noise level may be 10dB(A) greater for buildings with no adequate ventilation or 20dB(A) for buildings with fixed external windows and mechanical ventilation.

When assessing construction noise it is understood that several types of plant and equipment can be particularly annoying to nearby residents. In those instances a 5dB penalty is applied to the predicted noise level. Below are examples of the type of machines and operations that typically fit this category.

• Use of ‘beeper’ style reversing or movement alarms, particularly at night time

• Use of power saws, such as used for cutting timber, rail lines, masonry, road pavement or steel work

• Grinding metal, concrete or masonry

• Rock drilling

• Line drilling

• Vibratory rolling

• Rail tamping and regulating

• Bitumen milling or profiling

• Jack hammering, rock hammering it rock breaking’

• Impact piling






3.1.2 ASSESSING IMPACTS

The process of predicting noise is summarised in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Prediction and Assessment of impacts- Quantitative method






3.2 SLEEP DISTURBANCE

The NSW Construction Noise Guideline also recommends that when construction works extend for more than two consecutive nights, the analysis should cover maximum noise levels, and the extent that they exceed the Rating Background Level (RBL). Some guidance indicating the potential for sleep disturbance is in the NSW Environmental Criteria for Road and Traffic Noise (EPA 1999), and is summarised as follows:

“OEH reviewed research on sleep disturbance in the NSW Environmental Criteria for Road Traffic Noise (ECRTN) (EPA, 1999). This review concluded that the range of results is sufficiently diverse that it was not reasonable to issue new noise criteria for sleep disturbance.

From the research, OEH recognised that current sleep disturbance criterion of an LA1, (1 minute) not exceeding the LA90, (15 minute) by more than 15 dB(A) is not ideal. Nevertheless, as there is insufficient evidence to determine what should replace it, OEH will continue to use it as a guide to identify the likelihood of sleep disturbance.

This means that where the criterion is met, sleep disturbance is not likely, but where it is not met, a more detailed analysis is required.

The detailed analysis should cover the maximum noise level or LA1, (1 minute), that is, the extent to which the maximum noise level exceeds the background level and the number of times this happens during the night-time period. Some guidance on possible impact is contained in the review of research results in the appendices to the ECRTN. Other factors that may be important in assessing the extent of impacts on sleep include:

• How often high noise events will occur

• Time of day (normally between 10pm and 7am)

• Whether there are times of day when there is a clear change in the noise environment (such as during early morning shoulder periods).

The LA1, (1 minute) descriptor is meant to represent a maximum noise level measured under ‘fast’ time response. DECCW will accept analysis based on either LA1, (1 minute) or LA, (Max).

Note that the OEH stands for Office of Environment and Heritage, and DECCW stands for Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water.






3.3 TRANSPORT FOR NSW CONSTRUCTION NOISE STRATEGY

This guideline provides practical guidance on how to minimise impacts upon the community, from airborne noise, ground borne noise, and vibrations generated from construction activity, through the application of all feasible and reasonable mitigation measures.

The noise and vibration objectives are defined in accordance with the OEH Guidelines (Interim Construction Guidelines). If the levels are exceeded then standard mitigation measures provided by in the strategy including management levels, source controls, and path controls should be applied, where practicable. Where levels still exceed the noise objectives after having applied the standard mitigation measures, there are additional measures that need to be taken which include consideration of alternative accommodation, monitoring, individual briefings, letterbox drops, project specific respite offer, phone calls and specific notifications.

The application of additional mitigation is dependent on time period and the magnitude of the construction noise above the pre defined management levels. The application of the measures vs working hours and noise levels are detailed in Table 7. The abbreviations used in Table 7 are defined in Table 6.

Table 6: Transport for NSW Additional Mitigation Abbreviations

Measure Abbreviation

Alternative accommodation (residents only) AA

Monitoring M

Individual briefings IB

Letter box droppings LB

Project specific respite offer (Residents Only) RO

Phone calls PC

Specific notifications SN

Table 7: Transport for NSW Additional Mitigations

Time period

Mitigation measures

LAeq(15minute) noise level above background (RBL)

Qualitative assessment of noise levels

0 to 10 dBA

Noticeable

10 to 20 dBA

Clearly audible

20- to 30 dBA

Moderately intrusive

30 dBA

Highly intrusive

Standard

Mon-Fri

(7am-6pm) - - LB, M LB, M

Sat (8am-1pm)






4 CONSTRUCTION VIBRATION CRITERIA

The effects of construction vibration upon buildings can be separated into three main categories:

• Perceptibility of the occupants to the vibration, and the possibility of them being disturbed or annoyed;

• Vulnerability of the building structures to vibration induced damaged;

• Vulnerability of the contents of the building that includes types of equipment, activities and processes.

4.1 HUMAN RESPONSE TO VIBRATION

Humans are very sensitive to vibration, and they can be disturbed, annoyed, and have their work activities interfered with if the levels are too high. The OEH “Assessing Vibration Guidelines” and British Standard 6472 provide guidance on human response to vibration in buildings. They set down base vibration levels at which there would be minimal interference to occupants.

BS 6841 also sets out guidance on the effects of physical health from sustained exposure to vibration, however it is unlikely that such levels will ever be encountered from construction or demolition activities. The frequency weighting to be applied to the vibration levels are obtained from this standard.

The criteria and guidelines relating to human response are summarised below.

4.1.1 OEH ASSESSING VIBRATION: A Technical Guideline

The OEH guideline for assessing vibration provides evaluation methods to assess the human response from continuous, impulsive and intermittent vibration in buildings from 1Hz to 80Hz which is based on British Standards 6472:1992 “Evaluation of the Human Exposure to Vibration in Building (1Hz to 80Hz)”.

For continuous and impulsive vibration, assessment should be done on the basis of weighted RMS acceleration values. For intermittent vibration, assessment should be done on the basis of vibration dose values (VDV).

This guideline also includes a section on mitigation when the predicated vibration value exceeds the criteria. This involves:

• Controlling the vibration at the source, using the application of Best Management Practice (BMP) and Best Available Technology Economically Achievable (BATEA).

• Controlling the transmission of vibration.

• Controlling the vibration at the receiver






4.1.2 British Standard 6472:1992- Evaluation of Human Exposure to Vibration in Buildings

This standard sets out vibration levels at which minimal comment is likely to be provoked from the occupants of the building subject to the vibration. BS 6472 takes into account that humans perceive vertical vibrations more than horizontal, although the effect is reversed at very low frequencies, below 4 Hz.

The evaluation of building vibration with respect to annoyance and comfort for the occupants, overall weighted values of vibration are preferred.

Continuous vibration would be generated for typical construction work. The curves in Figure 5 represent the magnitudes of continuous vibration in buildings for Z-axis acceleration, below which adverse comments or complaints are rare. Multiplication factors are applied to the base level curve to define criteria for residential or office spaces. There are similar curves for x and y-axis.

0.00

0.01

0.10

1.00

1 10 100

Frequency (Hz)

Acc

eler

atio

n R

MS

(m/s

^2)

BS 6472 Base Level BS 6472 Residential Night Time

BS 6472 Residential Day Time BS 6472 Office Night and Day

Figure 5: BS 6472 building vibration levels. Z-axis.

The Vibration Dose Value in the BS 6472 is a concept used to evaluate the cumulative effects of bursts of both intermittent vibration and impulsive vibrations. Vibration Dose Value, or the VDV represents a single value amount used to quantify the level of vibration. The following Table 8 presents levels of VDV expressed in daytime, night time and typical human response.

/Critical working area






Table 8: Acceptable vibration dose values (m/s1.75) for intermittent vibration in residential buildings

Location Daytime Night time

Preferred Maximum Preferred Maximum

Residences 0.20 0.40 0.13 0.26

Offices 0.40 0.80 0.40 0.80

Vibration levels below the preferred values correspond to a low probability of adverse comment or disturbance to building occupants. Adverse comment or complaints may be expected when the VDV approaches maximum levels. Values up to the maximum level can only be used where all reasonable and feasible measures have been implemented and they can be justified.

Vibration levels below the magnitude vibration level in Table 9 have low probability of adverse comment. Vibration frequency was assessed in a range from 8Hz- 80 Hz, as predominant frequencies are known to be above 8Hz.

Table 9: Peak Particle velocity for z-axis

Place Time

Peak Particle velocity (mm/s) for z-axis vibration Frequency range 8hz-80hz

Exposure to continuous vibration

(16h day, 8h night)

Impulsive vibration excitation with up to

3 occurrences Critical working areas (e.g. hospital operating theatres, precision laboratories)

Day Night

0.14 0.14

0.14 0.14

Residential Day Night

0.28 to 0.56 0.197

8.46 to 12.69 2.82

Office Day Night

0.56 0.56

18.05 18.05

Workshops Day Night

1.13 1.13

18.05 18.05






4.2 STRUCTURAL RESPONSE TO VIBRATION

The response of a building to vibration is affected by several factors that include its type of foundation; the underlying ground conditions, its construction and the state of the building.

BS 7385: Part 2-1993 provides guide values for building damage, as well as guidance on vibration measurement and data analysis. The German Standard DIN 4150: Part 3-1999 also provides guidelines for evaluating the effects of vibration on structures.

4.2.1 German Standard DIN 4150-3:1999 – Structural Vibration – Effects of Vibration on Structures

The German standard DIN 4150-3 Structural Vibration Part 3: Effects on buildings and structures is commonly used in Australia to evaluate the effects of vibration on structures primarily used for static loading.

Short-term vibration is defined as vibration which does not occur often enough to cause structural fatigue and which does not produce resonance in the structure being evaluated.

Table 10 below provides guideline limits for short-term vibration to ensure that damage reducing the serviceability of a building will not occur provided vibration levels do not exceed these limits. This is also shown graphically in Figure 6. Vibration at the foundation is taken as the maximum absolute value in the x,y, and z directions, and vibration at the highest floor is the maximum of the in plane components.

Table 10: DIN4150-3 Vibration Limits

Type of structure

Guideline values for velocity in mm/s

Vibration at the foundation at a frequency of Vibration at

horizontal plane of highest floor at all

frequencies 1Hz to 10Hz 10 to 50Hz 50 to 100Hz (and above)

Buildings for commercial purposes, industrial buildings and buildings of similar design 20 20 to 40 40 to 50 40

Dwellings and buildings of similar design and/or occupancy 5 5 to 15 15 to 20 15

Structures that because of their particular sensitivity to vibration, cannot be classified as

above and are of great intrinsic value (e.g listed buildings under preservation order)

3 3 to 8 8 to 10 8






1.0

10.0

100.0

1 10 100

Frequency (Hz)

Peak

Par

ticle

Vel

ocity

(mm

/s)

DIN 4150 Industrial DIN 4150 Dwellings DIN 4150 Sensitive Buildings

Figure 6: DIN 4150-3 Vibration Limits






4.2.2 British standard 7385 Part 2 – 1993 Guidelines

The limits for transient vibration, above which cosmetic damage could occur to buildings, are given in Table 11 and shown graphically in Figure 7.

These guide values however relate predominantly to transient vibration that does not give rise to resonant responses in structures. The guide values in Table 11 should be reduced by up to 50%, in the case of dynamic loading caused by continuous vibration.

The values presented by BS 7385-2 are frequency dependant levels that are judged to give a minimal risk of vibration-induced damage.

Table 11: Transient vibration guide values for cosmetic damage

Type of building Peak component particle velocity in frequency range of predominant pulse

4 Hz to 15 Hz 15 Hz and above

Reinforced framed structures, Industrial and heavy commercial buildings 50 mm/s at 4 Hz and above

Un-reinforced or light framed structures, Residential or light commercial type buildings

15 mm/s at 4 Hz increasing to 20 mm/s at 15 Hz

20 mm/s at 15 Hz increasing to 50 mm/s at 40 Hz and

above

Note 1: Values referred to are at the base of the building

Note 2: For the residential buildings group, at frequencies below 4 Hz, a maximum displacement of 0.6mm (zero to peak) should not be exceeded






1.0

10.0

100.0

1 10 100

Frequency (Hz)

Peak

Par

ticle

Vel

ocity

(mm

/s)

BS 7385 Industrial BS 7385 Residential and Light Commercial BS 7385 Continuous Residential

Figure 7: Transient Vibration Guide for Cosmetic Damage

4.2.3 Construction Vibration Assessment Criteria Summary

A comparison to the above criteria is shown in Figure 8. PPV values have been used for the human disturbance values, in order to compare against building damage guide values.

The human disturbance criterion from BS 6472 for continuous vibration is significantly lower than the various threshold damage levels from DIN 4150 and BS 7385. This is due to humans being able to perceive vibration levels that are well below those that could cause any risk to damage to a building or its contents.

The values in DIN 4150 are levels that if complied with, damage will not occur. If levels are exceeded damage will not necessarily occur, however if they are significantly exceeded, then further investigations will be required.

The vales in BS 7385 are the lowest vibration levels above which damage has been credibly demonstrated. Hence why the values are much higher than those of DIN 4150.






0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1 10 100

Frequency (Hz)

Peak

Par

ticle

Vel

ocity

(mm

/s)

BS 6472 Base Level BS 6472 Residential Night Time BS 6472 Residential Day Time

BS 6472 Office Night and Day DIN 4150 Industrial DIN 4150 Dwellings

DIN 4150 Sensitive Buildings BS 7385 Residential and Light Commercial BS 7385 Industrial

Figure 8: Human Disturbance and Building Damage Guide Values

Based on the above, the following criterion is deemed most appropriate and is recommended for use in this assessment:

• When the adjacent building subject to vibration is being occupied, continuous vibration levels from BS 6472 will be used to assess human perception. Human perception occurs at lower thresholds than that for building damage and during occupied periods will be the limiting criteria.

• When it is un-occupied, vibration levels from DIN 4150 will be used to protect the building from cosmetic damage.

/Critical working area






5 CONSTRUCTION NOISE & VIBRATION GOALS

A noise survey was carried out to measure the current ambient noise levels associated with the proposed Sparks Road upgrade. The results of unattended measurement are shown in Table 12. The noise limit for construction on the site have been determined in accordance with the interim construction noise guideline and summarised in Table 13.

Table 12: Existing Noise levels, dB (A)

Location ID Measured Day (7am – 6pm)

Measured Evening (6pm – 10pm)

Measured Night (10pm – 7am)

LAeq RBL LAeq RBL LAeq RBL

L1-94 Sparks Road L2-School L3-86 sparks Road L4-71 Sparks Road

64 61 69 63

48 49 54 49

63 58 66 62

47 44 46 48

59 57 64 57

32 32 38 40

Table 13& Table 14 provide a summary of noise and vibration management levels criterion at the sensitive receivers. Where internal noise levels were specified, 10dB was added to approximate an external noise level.

Table 13: Noise Criteria at receivers

Receiver Type Noise Management Level dB(A)

Standard hours Outside Standard hours When in use

Noise affected

Highly noise affected

Day (RBL+5)

Evening (RBL +5)

Night (RBL +5)

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6

Residential

58

75

53 52 37

N/a

R7 R8 R9

R10

59 54 49 37

R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17

64 59 51 43

A1 Aged Care 64 75 59 51 43 N/a

S1 School N/a N/a N/a N/a N/a 55






Table 14: Human perception and cosmetic damage criteria (minimum value)

Receiver Type Human Perception and cosmetic damage criteria

Human Perception (mm/s) Cosmetic Damage (mm/s)

R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6

Residential

0.28-0.56 5

R7 R8 R9

R10

R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 A1 Aged Care

S1 School

6 CONSTRUCTION NOISE & VIBRATION ASSESSMENT

6.1 HOURS OF CONSTRUCTION

RMS has advised VIPAC that construction activities would be undertaken during the standard construction hours and outside of standard construction hours if required.

It is anticipated that construction of the Sparks Road upgrade will take approximately 12 months from commencement to completion.

6.2 PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Table 15 details the proposed plant and equipment and the corresponding acoustic power produced by these machines. The total predicted sound power levels for each of the construction phases is also presented. The typical sound levels of the plant and equipment were extracted from “Australian Standard AS 2436-2010, Appendix A” and VIPAC database”.






Table 15: Construction activities and Sound Powel Levels

Plant & Equipment Quantity Sound Power Level (LWA) dB

Predicted Sound Pressure Levels at various distances per equipment (metres)

10 20 60 150 200

Excavator 10 tonne 1 100 72 66 56 48 46

Dump Truck 15 tonne 1 108 80 74 64 56 54

Bulldozer 25 tonne 1 111 86 80 70 62 60

Grader 25 tonne 1 114 86 80 70 62 60

Wheeled Loader 30t 1 105 77 71 61 53 51

Asphalt Rotormill 1 111 72 76 66 58 56

Road Roller 22t 1 108 80 74 64 56 54

Vibrating compactor 1 110 82 76 66 58 56

Asphalt Paver 1 105 77 71 61 53 51

Chipper 1 112 84 78 68 50 58

Chainsaws 4-5hp 1 114 86 80 70 62 60

Jackhammer 1 113 85 79 69 61 59

6.3 PREDICTED CONSTRUCTION NOISE LEVELS

Predicted construction noise levels have been calculated for the three proposed stages of work. Calculations accounted for attenuation and acoustic effects due to distance, and reflection. Noise levels are all expressed as external LAeq-15 minutes at the nearest boundary of the receiver properties. To be conservative, it is assumed that all the plant and equipment are operating at the closest distance to the sensitive receivers.






Table 16: Stage 1- Predicted Noise level

Location ID Period Criteria Noise

Management level

Predicted Noise Level (LAeq) dB

Clearing & grubbing Drainage

Stripping and Stockpiling of top

soil

Surface preparation Compaction

Application of wearing surface

R1

Standard Hours Highly Noise Affected 75 72 75 74 72 74 70

Noise Affected (RBL+10dB) 58 72 75 74 72 74 70

Outside Standard Hours

Noise Affected Day (RBL + 5dB) 53 72 75 74 72 74 70 Noise Affected Evening (RBL + 5dB) 52 72 75 74 72 74 70

Noise Affected Night (RBL + 5dB) 37 72 75 74 72 74 70

R2






R3




Noise Affected Day (RBL + 5dB) 54 75 78 77 76 77 73

Noise Affected Evening (RBL + 5dB) 49 75 78 77 76 77 73


R4







R5






R6












Management level




soil




R7






R8






R9







R10






R11






R12 Standard Hours

Highly Noise Affected 75 48 51 51 49 50 47


Outside Standard Noise Affected Day (RBL + 5dB) 59 48 51 51 49 50 47







Management level




soil



Hours Noise Affected Evening (RBL + 5dB) 51 48 51 51 49 50 47 Noise Affected Night (RBL + 5dB) 43 48 51 51 49 50 47

R13





Noise Affected Evening (RBL + 5dB) 51 56 59 58 57 58 54 Noise Affected Night (RBL + 5dB) 43 56 59 58 57 58 54

R14







R15







R16







R17







A1 Standard Hours Highly Noise Affected 75 52 55 54 52 54 50







Management level




soil







S1 When in use



Table 17: Stage 2- Predicted Noise Levels


Management level


Clearing &grubbing Drainage


soil

Surface preparation Compaction Application of

wearing surface

R1






R2






R3







R4 Standard Hours

Highly Noise Affected 75 51 54 53 45 53 49 Noise Affected (RBL+10dB) 59 51 54 53 45 53 49

Outside Standard Noise Affected Day (RBL + 5dB) 54 51 54 53 45 53 49







Management level




soil


wearing surface

Hours Noise Affected Evening (RBL + 5dB) 49 51 54 53 45 53 49


R5






R6






R7






R8






R9







R10 Standard Hours Highly Noise Affected 75 64 67 67 59 66 63








Management level




soil


wearing surface




R11






R12






R13






R14







R15






R16 Standard Hours Highly Noise Affected 75 66 69 68 60 68 64








Management level




soil


wearing surface




R17







A1






S1 When in use



Table 18: Stage 3- Predicted Noise Levels


Management level




soil


wearing surface

R1












Management level




soil


wearing surface

R2






R3







R4







R5






R6






R7












Management level




soil


wearing surface

R8






R9







R10






R11






R12






R13












Management level




soil


wearing surface

R14







R15






R16






R17

Standard Hours Highly Noise Affected 75 60 62 60 62 58






A1






S1 When in use








6.3.1 Sleep Disturbance Assessment

For construction activities The L1 sound pressure level of a known Leq is typically 10 dB higher in most cases. This has been used to estimate L1 data of the proposed construction equipment. VIPAC have assessed sleep disturbance by using the RBL+15dB. Note also that the assessment has been completed for all activities. Results presented in red are exceedances of the sleep disturbance criteria.

Table 19: Stage 1- Sleep disturbance assessment

Location ID

Predicted Noise Level dBA

Clearing &

grubbing

Drainage Stripping and Stockpiling of

top soil

Surface preparation

Compaction Application of wearing surface

Sleep Disturbance RBL+15dB

R1 82 85 84 82 84 80

47

R2 75 78 77 76 77 73 R3 85 88 87 86 87 83 R4 66 69 68 67 68 64 R5 69 72 71 70 71 67 R6 63 66 75 74 75 71 R7 60 59 58 56 57 54

55

R8 61 59 58 57 58 54 R9 62 60 59 58 59 55

R10 63 66 66 64 65 62 R11 58 56 56 54 55 52 R12 58 61 61 59 60 57

R13 66 69 68 67 68 64

53 R14 63 66 66 64 65 62 R15 64 69 68 67 68 64 R16 64 66 65 64 65 61 R17 60 63 62 61 62 58 A1 62 65 64 62 64 60 53


Location ID


Clearing &

Grubbing


top soil

Surface preparation



R1 72 75 74 67 74 70

47

R2 67 70 70 62 69 65 R3 67 70 69 62 69 65 R4 62 64 63 55 63 59 R5 61 60 63 56 63 59 R6 62 55 64 57 64 60






Location ID


Clearing &

Grubbing


top soil

Surface preparation



R7 59 58 61 54 61 57

55

R8 67 70 69 61 69 65 R9 73 75 64 69 74 70

R10 74 77 77 69 76 73 R11 60 63 62 54 62 58 R12 65 68 67 59 67 63 R13 97 100 99 91 99 95

53 R14 97 100 99 91 99 95 R15 75 78 77 70 77 73 R16 76 79 78 70 78 74 R17 72 74 73 65 63 69 A1 97 100 99 91 99 95 53


Location ID


Clearing &

Grubbing


top soil

Surface preparation



R1 62 64 63 61 63 59

47

R2 59 62 62 59 61 57 R3 59 62 62 59 61 58 R4 56 59 58 56 58 54 R5 56 59 59 56 58 54 R6 56 50 59 57 59 55 R7 84 87 86 84 86 82

55

R8 88 91 90 88 90 89 R9 89 92 91 89 91 87

R10 78 86 85 83 85 81 R11 75 73 78 75 77 73 R12 76 75 79 76 78 75 R13 65 68 68 65 67 63

53 R14 68 71 70 68 70 66 R15 65 68 67 65 67 63 R16 67 70 69 67 69 75 R17 70 73 72 70 72 68 A1 73 81 81 78 80 76 53






6.3.2 Discussion

• Due to the proximity of sensitive receivers to the construction activities the noise impact is predicted to exceed the specified noise management levels.

• High impact noise is typically generated from jack hammering during kerb and asphalt removal, during stripping and stockpiling activities and compaction works.

• Stage 1 Construction operations are expected to impact on Super Clinic located at 115 Sparks Road.

• Stage 2 Construction operations are predicted to impact on most noise sensitive receivers, including the school.

• Residential receivers within 50-metres of the construction operations are expected to be above the highly noise affected management levels.

• The noise prediction takes into account the noise reduction provided by noise control treatments currently located at several noise sensitive receivers.

• Construction operations are predicted to impact all of the sensitive receivers during night time (outside standard hours).

• It is predicted to be sleep disturbance at most of the sensitive receivers near each construction stages. However, construction activities would take place during the standard hours.

• Overall, the assessment indicates that the noise management and noise-affected levels of the NSW Interim Construction Guideline are expected to be exceeds for a large proportion of the works during day period. As such a site-specific noise management plan adopting reasonable and feasible mitigation and management measures has been developed.






6.4 CONSTRUCTION VIBRATION ASSESSMENT

Vibration may also be generated as a result of construction work and has been considered both in respect of potential damage of buildings and potential annoyance to the occupants.

In many cases, it is the occupants/residents fear of building damage that enhances the potential annoyance. The most common form of vibration measurement is the peak particle velocity (PPV) in mm/s. In respect to building damage, a vibration level limit and frequency is normally specified, however, in respect of potential annoyance to receivers, a combination of vibration level frequency and duration is more appropriate. This is normally termed as a dose value.

The only equipment used for the project that has potential to generate vibration is detailed in Table 22. These machines have been evaluated against human perception criteria, and structural damage.

Table 22: Vibration levels of equipment

Typical Vibration levels of construction plant items

Typical Ground vibration level Comments

Vibratory roller Up to 1.5mm/s @ 25m Where vibratory roller is used we expect that vibration within 25 meters of a residential building, the human perceptibility criteria will potentially be exceeded and may cause annoyance.

Compactor 20mm/s @ 5m <0.3mm/s @30m

At distances closer than 10 meters, vibrations from the compactor could potentially exceed the 5mm/s particle velocity DIN 4150 criterion at residential and school buildings, in terms of cosmetic damage. However it is not expected that this will cause an exceedance of the criteria in BS 7385, at which exceedences have been demonstrated to cause structural damage.

Bulldozer 1-2mm/s @5m 0.1 @ 50m

We expect that vibration within 10 meters of a residential building, the human perceptibility criteria will potentially be exceeded and may cause annoyance.

Truck traffic (Smooth surface)

<0.2mm/s @20m We expect that vibration within 10 meters of a residential building, the human perceptibility criteria will potentially be exceeded and may cause annoyance.

Potential controls to reduce vibrations to acceptable levels are detailed in the Noise and Vibration Management Plan in Section 7 of this report.






7 CONSTRUCTION NOISE AND VIBRATION MANAGEMENT PLAN

Construction Noise and Vibration Management Plan

Component Details

General / Site. Management Issues

All employees, contractors and subcontractors are to receive an environmental induction. The induction must at least include: requirements of Transport for NSW’s Construction Noise Strategy, and all relevant project specific and standard noise and vibration mitigation measures detailed herein including permissible hours of work; any limitations on high noise generating activities; location of nearest sensitive receivers; construction employee parking areas designated loading/unloading areas and procedures site opening/closing times (including deliveries) environmental incident procedures.

A dedicated person will form a point of contact for the dissemination of general information on site operations. Contact persons will also be defined to receive comment or complaints from the community – refer to community liaison / complaints handling plan below.

Hours of Work / Respite Periods

Standard Hours for Construction:

07:00 – 18:00 Monday – Friday

08:00 -13:00 Saturday

If possible, constructions work at stage 2 take place during school holidays (e.g. summer holidays)

The following equipment will not be used at night or evening periods of a Sunday - pneumatic hammer and concrete saw

No more than four consecutive nights of high noise and/or vibration generating work may be undertaken over any seven-day period, unless otherwise approved by Transport for NSW.

Source Controls General / Work Practices

Avoid unnecessary revving of engines and turn off plant that is not being used / required.

Use only non-tonal reverse alarms (broadband alternatives are needed). Where possible organise the site so that delivery trucks and haulage trucks only drive forward to avoid the use of reversing alarms.

Organise and schedule the equipment operations to limit the noisiest machines operating simultaneously.

Site set up / movement of plant / delivery of materials / waste removal to site should be restricted to daytime.

Truck drivers are to be informed of site access routes, acceptable delivery hours and minimising extended periods of engine idling.

Ensure there is no unnecessary shouting or loud stereos/radios on site. No dropping of materials from height, throwing of metal items and slamming of doors.

Regularly inspect and maintain equipment to ensure it is in good working order. Also check the condition of mufflers.







Component Details

Equipment Selection and / or Substitution

Equipment to comply with maximum allowable noise levels for construction equipment defined in Table 2 of the NSW Transport Construction Noise Strategy.

Use less noise-intensive equipment where reasonable and feasible.

Construction equipment with most effective mufflers, enclosures and low-noise tool bits and blades will be procured and utilised for the project.

Where possible mains power shall be utilised for temporary traffic signals / work area lighting. Where this is not feasible silenced generator sets are to be used instead.

ViPAC recommends that all plant and equipment be certified prior to use.

Enclosures Utilise partial enclosure for cutting of kerbs and pavers.

Use and Siting of Equipment / activities

Where practical consider locating fixed plant away from sensitive receivers. (Milling machine)

During resurfacing / paving works consider taking pavers off site for cutting where practical.

Consultation

General A Community Involvement Plan has been implemented to engage with government agencies, relevant councils, landowners, community members and other stakeholders to provide a single consultation framework.

Notification A letter should be distributed to local residents in advance of the works to notify them of the nature and estimated timescales for completion. Thereafter a newsletter is to be distributed to the local community by letter on a 2 weekly basis.

Project info-line and Construction response line

A 24-hour construction response line will be provided s a contact point for any complaints regarding the construction work. And a project info line will be provided as a dedicated contact point for any project enquires.

A Transport Project representative will respond to complaints within 2 hours.

Complaints management

Upon receiving any complaint regarding construction activities, the nominated member of staff will investigate the source of the complaint. The aim will be to initiate an immediate investigation no later than two hours of the complaint being made. Where practicable a visit should be made to the complainant to verify the nature of the complaint and if justified appropriate action should be taken to cease or amend the activity causing the complaint.

Where three or more substantiated complaints of a similar nature are received (from at least two complainants), the work element will be reviewed in order to consider whether the work methods can be changed or additional mitigation method can be employed in order to prevent or reduce the likelihood of further complaints being made.

Monitoring Requirements

Noise Attended measurement are to be made within 14 days to verify equipment is consistent with the operating noise levels defined in NSW Transport Construction Noise Strategy.







Component Details

Attended measurements are to be completed within 14 days to verify noise levels at the receivers and compare to predictions.

Attended monitoring would also be undertaken in response to complaints made by the community in order to validate and assess the source.

Unattended noise logging will be deployed throughout the project. One logger will be set up close to sensitive buildings and will be moved as the works progress.

Monitoring will also be undertaken as per the requirements in the Road Noise Policy NSW Section 8.2 and Table 7 of this report.

Vibration Vibration monitoring will be undertaken for works within eight (8) metres of sensitive receivers. Attended vibration measurements will be required and undertaken by qualified personnel at the commencement of the works in order to confirm that vibration levels and safe working distances at the sensitive receivers are within the acceptable range, in order to prevent cosmetic damage.






APPENDIX A- GLOSSARY OF ACOUSTIC TERMS

Decibel, dB: Unit of acoustic measurement. Measurements of power, pressure and intensity. Expressed in dB relative to standard reference levels.

dB(A): Unit of acoustic measurement weighted to approximate the sensitivity of human hearing to sound frequency. Sound Pressure Level, Lp (dB), of a sound:

20 times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the r.m.s. sound pressure to the reference sound pressure of 20 micro Pascals. Sound pressure level is measured using a microphone and a sound level meter, and varies with distance from the source and the environment.

Sound Power Level, LW (dB), of a source: 10 times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the sound power of the source to the reference sound power of 1 Pico Watt. Sound power level cannot be directly measured using a microphone. Sound power level does not change with distance. The sound power level of a machine may vary depending on the actual operating load.

Ambient Sound: Of an environment: the all-encompassing sound associated with that environment, being a composite of sounds from many sources, near and far.

Background noise: The underlying level of noise present in the ambient noise, excluding the noise source under investigation, when extraneous noise is removed.

Percentile Level - L90, L10, etc: A statistical measurement giving the sound pressure level which is exceeded for the given percentile of an observation period, e.g. L90 is the level which is exceeded for 90% of a measurement period. L90 is commonly referred to as the "background" sound level.

LAEQ,T: Equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure level. The value of the A-weighted sound pressure level of a continuous steady sound that, within a measurement time interval T, has the same A-weighted sound energy as the actual time-varying sound.

Rating Background Level – RBL:

Method for determining the existing background noise level which involves calculating the tenth percentile from the LA90 measurements. This value gives the Assessment Background Noise Level (ABL). Rating Background Level is the median of the overall

Noise and Vibration Assessment and Management · 1 INTRODUCTION 7 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 7 2.1 NOISE...

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