001735060arad.mscc.huji.ac.il/dissertations/W/JMS/001735060.pdfNoah, and with David). When he...
274
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Transcript of 001735060arad.mscc.huji.ac.il/dissertations/W/JMS/001735060.pdfNoah, and with David). When he...
Abstract
My thesis encompasses chs. 40-55 of the book of Isaiah, which are ascribed to an
anonymous prophet called "Second Isaiah". It focuses, specifically, on three main motifs
found in his prophecies: traditions of Creation, Exodus (=redemption motif), and Covenant.
Second Isaiah lived in the period of the Babylonian Exile and Return to Zion, and he
delivered prophecies concerning the coming redemption of the people of Israel from Babylon,
universal monotheism of the God of Israel, and the marvelous restoration of Zion, expressed
in these three motifs. His oracles exemplify new theological approaches on these three
subjects and can be summed up in his own words: "Remember ye not the former things,
neither consider the things of old; Behold I will do a new thing, now shall it spring forth.
Shall ye not know?" (Is. 43: 18-19).
The biggest challenge for Second Isaiah was to deal with the Babylonian religion. The
prophet was influenced a lot by the Babylonian Myth "Enuma Elish" and the New Year's
Festival "Akitu", and continually polemicized against them. In order to prove the power of the
Lord, he alludes to important events from the Biblical traditions, such as the days of Noah
days and the Exodus, and refers to the Creation tradition (which was an important element for
the Babylonian religion) in order to argue that the Lord (not the Babylonian god) is the
Creator God. What makes Second Isaiah unique in comparison to other prophets is the
connection that he makes between the Lord's power of creation and the power of salvation. In
his prophecies, the Creation motif and the Redemption motif are closely bound together. The
prophet prophesied about the future Exodus from Babylon in the pattern of the Exodus from
Egypt, and employed the Creation motif to glorify the new redemption.
The Babylonian Exile is described as the return of chaos by the prophets who prophesied
before Second Isaiah (Jer. 4: 23-27; Zeph. 1: 2-3). After the nullification of the Sinai
Covenant, it was important for Second Isaiah to renew the relationship between the people of
Israel and God and to restore the right order of the world in the period of Return to Zion. His
new covenant is called by three different names: Covenant of the People (42: 6; 49: 8),
Covenant of Peace (54: 10), and Everlasting Covenant (55: 3), and he establishes the new
covenants on the basis of the covenants with the Fathers (the covenants with Abraham, with
Noah, and with David). When he prophesies his new covenant with God, he does it in
connection with the motifs of Creation and Redemption. Just as both the flood story and
renewal of the world in Gen. 6-9 and the Exodus ended in making a covenant (covenant with
Noah; the Sinai covenant), so, too, the same cycle is repeated in the prophecies of Second
Isaiah. The restoration of Zion and the redemption of the people of Israel from Babylon
conclude with the establishment of a new covenant between Israel and God.
Abstract
I
I
II
III
VI
II
I
II
Chaoskampf
III
Urzeit-Endzeit
VI
III
I
II
910
30-25
20-18
III
10
68
3
IV
I
I
0F
1F
1
Bright 1981, p. 345
2Wiseman 1961
2F
3F
4F
5F
6F
3Kenyon 1967, pp. 78-104, 107ff
4Bright 1981, p. 331
5
6Blenkinsopp 2000, p. 102
Hillers 1972, p. xviii
7Blenkinsopp 2000, p. 102
Aw l-Marduk7F
8
8F
Nergal-šar-u ur9F
10F
11F
12F
13FB l-
ar-u ur14F
8Awil Marduk
9Blenkinsopp 2000, p. 94
10
11Bright 1981, pp. 352-353
12
13
14Bright 1981, pp. 352-354
15Watts 1987, pp. 73-75Whybray 1983, pp. 8-9
15F
16F
16;Kaufmann 1970, p. 9Stolper 1985
Coogan 1974, pp. 6-12
17
Fried 2002, pp. 383-384
crownprinceGrayson
1975, pp. 110-111; Pallis 1926, p. 7
Antiochus Soter
An-ti-ku-us šarru rabu-u šarru dan-nu šar kiššati
šar Babili šar mâtâti za-ni-in E-sag-il n I-zi-da aplu ašaridu ša Si-lu-uk-ku šarri (80-6-17, I 1-4 ,
Pallis 1926, p. 7 .(
ANET p. 316
Fried 2002, p. 390
17F
18F
19F
20F
Fragment A21F
22F
18Bright 1981, pp. 361-362
19Esagila
ANET, pp. 315-316
20Bright 1981, pp. 361-362
21
22ANET, pp. 315-316
23Bright 1977, pp. 17-24
Last Judgment
Lindblom 1963, pp.360-
375
23F
24F
25F
26F
24Stuhlmueller 1980, p. 9
25Fried 2002, pp. 378-379
26
27Hayes
1963, pp. 419-426Anderson 1987, pp. 68-71Levenson 1987, pp. 93-94
Bright 1981, p. 332
27F
28F
29F
30F
28III
29Bright 1981, pp. 317-26
30III
31Bright 1981, pp. 334-335
31F
32F
32
III
33
Blenkinsopp
2000, p. 95
II
33F
34II
34F
35F
36F
35
Sommer
1998, pp. 48-49
36III
37Hanson 1998, pp. 9-16
II
37F
38F
39F
D derleinEichhorn
40FDuhm
41F
38
39
40Simon 1985, pp. 257-71
41Watts 1987, p. 70
Westermann 1969, pp. 8-9
42
42F
43F
44F
45F
43Westermann 1969, p. 32
44
Barstad 1987, pp. 90-110
45Klein 1979, pp. 105-106; Blenkinsopp 2000, p. 63
46Stuhlmueller 1980, p. 9, Blenkinsopp 2000, p. 63
46F
III
47Finclusio48F
47Haran 1963, pp. 150ff
48Goldingay, Payne 2005
Westermann 1991, p. 39
49Goldingay, Payne 2005, p. 5
49F
50F
51F
52F
53F
54F
50Blenkinsopp 2000, p. 59
Goldingay, Payne 2005, p. 19
51North 1963, p. 158
52Elliger 1933
Fried 2002, p. 375
53Goldingay, Payne 2005, p. 6-7
54
55Mettinger 1983Orlinsky 1967, pp. 14-15
55F
56F
57F
VI
58F
56North 1963Kaufman 1970, p. 73
57Mettinger 1983Orlinsky 1967, pp. 14-15
58Baltzer, 2001, pp. 18-22Clements, 1998, pp. 39-54
59
59F
60F
inclusio61F
60Mettinger 1983
61
62F
63F
64F
inclusio
65F
77 62Blenkinsopp 2000, p.
63North 1963, pp. 131-135
64
65
66Sommer 1998, pp. 47-49
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judgment
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76Jensen 1973, p. 23
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78Westermann 1969, p. 95
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114Blenkinsopp 2000, p. 300
Goldingay 2005, p. 152
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116Brueggemann 1998, pp. 109-114
117
118North 1963, p. 129
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119Blenkinsopp 2000, p. 304
120North 1963, pp. 118-119
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123Paul 1968, pp, 11-22
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128Goldingay 2005, p. 368
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132McKenzie 1968, pp. 103-109North 1972, pp. 187-188
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134North 1972, p. 188Childs 2000, p. 384
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139Goldingay 2005, p. 371
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168Westermann 1969, pp. 229-230
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175North 1972, p. 204
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179Reventlow 1998, pp. 23-38
180
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182II
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184ANET, pp. 331-334
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185
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187North 1963, p. 151
188Reventlow 1998, pp. 29-30
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189Clines 1976, pp. 11-22
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191
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horrified
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216McKenzie 1968, pp. 129-136
217North 1972, pp. 238-240
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233Westermann 1969, p. 264
234hendiadys
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suffering of conception
235
236
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241
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243North 1972, pp.231-233
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246Blenkinsopp 2000, p. 353
247Whybray 1983, pp. 65-81
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249Clines 1976, pp. 11-22
250North 1972, p. 241
251Blenkinsopp 2000, p. 348
252
253North 1972, p. 242
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255North 1972, p. 243
256Milgrom 1991, p. 327
257
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259Bright 1981, p. 358
260Blenkinsopp 2000, p. 351
261
262North 1972, p.232
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265Blenkinsopp 2000, p. 355
266Reventlow 1998, pp. 23-38
267Mowinckel 1962, p. 136
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269North 1972, pp.233-234
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276Rowley 1965, pp. 50-59Reventlow 1998, pp. 23-38Blenkinsopp 2000
276F
Similitudes or Parables
277F
277Blenkinsopp 2000, pp. 208-212
278Similitudes
corporate personality
Rowley 1965, pp. 3-59Mettinger 1983278F
279F
279
280Paul 1968, pp. 11-
22Laato 1992, pp. 16-68
280F
281F
281McKenzie 1968, pp. xxxviii-lv, Whybray 1983, pp. 65-81
282
282F
283F
284F
283Whybray 1983, pp. 65-
284
285North 1963
285F
286F
287F
288F
286Baltzer 2001, pp. 18-22
287Clements 1998, pp. 39-54
288II
289Clements 1998, pp. 39-54
II
0F
1F
292
293
"û"
Creative
Redemption2F3F4F
5F6F7F
8F
9F
294Stuhlmueller 1970
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
von Rad 1936, pp. 53-64
Stade 1905, pp. 235-46
Rendtorff 1993, pp. 93-94
Schmid 1973, pp. 102-17Wisdom in
Israel
10F
11F
12F
302Fishbane 1985, pp. 322-326
Sommer 1998, pp. 142-44
303Stuhlmueller 1959, pp. 429-69Mowinckel 1962, pp. 116-7Westermann 1969, pp. 48ffHabel 1972,
p. 420
304Blenkinsopp 2000, p. 191
13F
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305
306
307
308
309
310
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creatio ex
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22F23F
311
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314
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316
317KAI, 26 A III, 18; 129.1
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isinnu zagmukkuisinnu ak tuzagmukku
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318
ANET [5], pp. 6-7
Whitley 1959, pp. 32-40
319Sommer 2001, pp. 81-82
when on highLambert 1963, pp. 189-190; Jacobsen 1975, pp. 73-74; Anderson 1987,
p. 29
320Pallis 1926, pp. 7-12
29F
321
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322
323
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324
325
326Bright p. 149; Levenson 1988, pp. 66-77
327Mowinckel 1962, pp. 106-92
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328
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330
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332
333Levenson 1987, p. 144
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335Kraus 1966, pp. pp. 183-200, 205-208Levenson 1988, pp. 66-77
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336Segal 1963, pp. 114-54
337Levenson 1988, pp. 66-77
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356Stuhlmueller 1970, pp. 49-51Batto 1987, pp. 168-169
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379Ludwig 1973, pp. 345-57
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381Ludwig 1973, pp. 345-57
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382Klein 1992, pp. 138-40
383Sommer 2001, pp. 85-90
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412Weinfeld 1995, pp. 11-12
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413Weinfeld 1995, pp. 12-13
414
415Weinfeld 1995, p. 13
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417Weinfeld 1995, p. 14
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418
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419
420Waschke 1997, pp. 574-575Day 1984, pp. 6-7
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421Cassuto 1971, pp. 71-75
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423Ludwig 1973, pp. 345-57
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428Habel 1972, pp. 417-30
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445Anderson 1987, pp. 43-77
446III
447Anderson 1987, pp. 55-60
448Levenson 1987, pp. 191-206
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inclusio
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457Clifford 1994, pp. 163-76
458Anderson 1962, pp. 177–95
459
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465Paul 1969, pp. 109-21Sommer 1998
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478Batto 1992, pp. 31-36Gunkel 1984, pp. 25-52
479Levenson 1988 p. 134
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483
192F
193F194F195F196F197F
484
485
486
487
488
489Loewenstamm 1992, pp. 233-57
198F
199F
II200F
490Rendtorff 1983, pp. 385-93
491
492
201F
202F203F
493
494
495
204F
205F206FIII
496Deroche 1981, pp. 400-409
497Deroche 1980, pp. 104-108
498Deroche 1980, pp. 280-90III
207F208F
UUUU
UU
499
500
UUUUUU
209F
210F
UU
UU
I
501
502
Urzeit-Endzeit
UrzeitEndzeit211F
Urzeit-EndzeitEndzeit
UrzeitUrzeit-Endzeit
UU
UUEndzeit
Urzeit212F
213F214F
Urzeit-Endzeit
215F216F
Urzeit
Endzeit
503EndzeitUrzeit504III
505
Walton 2006, p. 124
506
507
508
UUUUUU
VI
217F
509Kapelrud 1964, pp. 58-64
Fishbane 1985, pp. 322-326
218F
510Blenkinsopp 2000, p. 191; Whybray 1971
219F
220F
221F
“A new legal text such as Deuteronomy cannot allow for the continued existence of an
alternative, 222F
514since the law must be defined one way for the other. In addition, the
historical circumstances of the two texts may have affected their attitudes. Deuteronomy
stems from an earlier time, when the authority of older scriptural writing may have been
compelling. By Deutero-Isaiah’s day, the status of older traditions had solidified.
Moreover, the exilic prophet wrote after a crisis, when the tradition as a whole was beset
511Fishbane 1985, pp. 322-326
Sommer 1998, pp. 142-144
512Whybray 1971, pp. 64-77
513Sommer 1998, pp. 153-155
514Sommer 1998, p. 156
by threats from disappointed Israelites and competing ideas. In that era, the need to
bolster tradition outweighed other factors.”
223F
UU
UU
515North 1972, p. 15Bird 1981, p. 135
Batto 1992, p. 3
224F
516Blenkinsopp 2000,
pp. 51-54
225F226F
227F228F229F
517
518
McKenzie 1968, p. xxv; Sommer 1998, pp. 96-100; Goldingay, Payne 2005, p. 3
519
520
521
lmu
UU
UU
UU
UU
230F
231F
232F
233F
234F
n r
522
523
524
525Phipps 1989, p. 2Mowinckel 1962, p. 145
526
n r
n r235F
UUUU
236F
237F
UU
UU
UU
UU
UU
P
JP
UUUU
UU
UUUU
UU
527Ringgren 1997, pp. 267-84
528Bird 1981, p. 135von Rad 1961, p. 41
529Levenson 1988, p. 5
238F239F
J
240F
241F
530
531
532
533
P
UUUU
242F
534Bird 1981, pp. 129-59
A
BAB
A
C
D
B
A
CD
BC
DCDAB
AB243F
535
DCD
B
Meri-Ka-Re“Well directed are men,
the cattle of the god. He made heaven and earth according to their desire, and he repelled the water-
monster. He made the breath of life [for] their nostrils. They who have issued from his body are his
images. He arises in heaven according to their desire. He made for them plants, animals, fowl, and fish to
feed themANET, p. 417
244F
UU
UUU
U
245F
536
537Whybray 1971, pp. 71-73
taml ku
UU
UU
ma-am-man ina
-a-šu la um-[daššal]("
ša a-na tal-lak-ti ru-bu-ti-šu la u-maš-ša- -um-ma("246F
My father gave me the heavens, and gave me the earth. I am the
lady of heaven. Does anyone, any god, measure himself with me?247F
538
539Westermann 1969, p. 156
248F
249F250F
540Whybray 1971, pp. 70-71Lambert1968, pp. 104-12
541
251F
1(
UU252F
UU
P
542
543Duhm 1899, p. 25Perowne 1901, pp. I, 121Kraus 1988, p. 171
544Childs 1974, p. 415
253F
254F255F
UU
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256F
545Haag 1997, pp. 382-383
546
547
548
2(
257F
qir-biš kum-mi-šu šup-
šu-hi-iš i-nu-uh-hu
513i-nu- h-ma be-lum ša-lam-tu-uš i-bar-ri
258F
259F
549Batto 1987, p. 156
Ptah
CTA 6.iii, 18-19
550
Batto 1987, pp. 159-77
551rigmuhub ru
260F
261F
3(
262F263F264F
265F266F
552
553
554
555
556
557
267F
558
559
creatio ex nihilo
268F
UU
560Walton 2006, p. 181
269F
270F
561Bernhardt 1997, p. 248
562
III
0F
563
I
1F
2F
563
564Mendenhall 1954, pp. 50-76
5651413
3000
3F
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riksu
išhiul
5F
6F
7F
8F89F
10 10F911F312F
566Weinfeld 1972, pp. 59-61
567Weinfeld 1997, p. 268
568Loretz 1966, pp. 239-41; Dumbrell 1984, p.16; Weinfeld 1997, p. 255
569Youngblood 1983, p. 35p. 511974Wolff
5701997pp. 253-254 Weinfeld
571Weinfeld 1997, pp. 256-257
btu/damiqtulaššu/ rauušnekan
1976, p. 190Weinfeld
572
573
574
575
13F
20
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24-2230-2614-920-15
305411208-4
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21-920-18
576Weinfeld 1997, p. 255
577
išhiulWeinfeld 1997, pp. 273-274
57810
579I
3
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71
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585
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587Mendenhall 1954, pp. 50-76
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15UU28
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589Postgate, No. 9, pp. 29ff
590Postgate, No. 9: 11ff
591
ŠuppiluliumaŠattiwazza29F
1428-27
30F
15
28
divine oracle of salvationK4310III-
VK4310V:26-VI31Gakuru 2000, pp. 49-77
761316lifetime16
13
78-79
The estimation of David (especially his moral life) by the prophetic passages, which is more
realistic, is not characteristic of the Judean lofty view of David…..the political and religious institutions
of Israel were not fixed as it was believed in the South, but were subject to the active word of God
delivered by them (the prophets) on the basis of the prophecy/fulfillment schema
592Weinfeld 1976, p. 190
593Weinfeld 1997, p. 271
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16
16
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612Blenkinsopp 2000, pp. 351-352
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Rost 1947, pp. 129-34; Bright 1981, p. 227; Bruegemann 1978, p. 86; Nicholson 1967, p. 58
7-120-14
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62F
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627
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626Mowinckel 1962, pp. 156-157
627
628Kraus 1966, pp. 183-200
629Weinfeld 1976, p. 190ŠuppiluliumaŠattiwazza
67F14-12
17
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630Kraus 1966, pp. 183-200
631Gray 1970, pp. 579-81
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63533-29
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638von Rad 1966, pp. 1-78Weinfeld 1997, pp. 265-266
639Nicholson 1967, pp. 37-57
640
13
Weinfeld 1998, pp. 267-268
641Mendenhall
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642Newman 1962, pp. 51-55
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645
646
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648Nicholson 1967, pp. 37-57
649Newman 1962, pp. 112f
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657Murray 1992, p. 29
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13-12
Alexander, T.D., "Genesis 22 and the Covenant of Circumcision," JSOT 25 (1983), pp.
17-22
Anderson, B.W., "Exodus and Covenant in Second Isaiah and Prophetic Tradition," in:
Cross, F.M., Lemche, W.E. and Miller, P.D. (eds.), Magnalia Dei: The Mighty Acts of
God – Essays on the Bible and Archeology in Memory of G. Ernest Wright (Garden
City, NY: Doubleday, 1976), pp. 339–60
idem, Creation versus Chaos: The Reinterpretation of Mythical Symbolism in the Bible
(Philadelphia: Fortress, 1987), pp. 43-80
idem, "Exodus Typology in Second Isaiah," in: Anderson, B.W. and Harrelson, W.
(ed.), Israel's Prophetic Heritage: Essays in Honor of James Muilenburg (London:
SCM, 1962), pp. 177–95
Barstad, H.M., "On the So-Called Babylonian Literary Influence in Second Isaiah,"
SJOT 2/1987, pp. 90-110
Batto, B.F., "The Covenant of Peace: A Neglected Ancient Near Eastern Motif," CBQ
49 (1987), pp. 187–211
idem, "The Sleeping God: An Ancient Near Eastern Motif of Divine Sovereignty,"
Biblica 68 (1987), pp. 153-77
idem, Slaying the Dragon; Mythmaking in the Biblical Tradition (Louisville, Kentucky:
Westminster/John Knox Press, 1992), p. 3
idem, "Creation Theology in Genesis", in: Clifford, R.J. and Collins, J.J. (ed.), Creation
in the Biblical Traditions (The Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series 24, 1992),
pp. 16-38
Baltzer, K., Kohl, M. (tr.), Deutero- Isaiah (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2001), pp. 18-
22
Bergman, J., Bernhardt, K.H. and Botterweck, J.B., Ringgren, H., “ b r ”, in:
Botterweck, G.J. and Ringgren, H. (ed.), Willis, J.T. (tr.), Theological Dictionary of the
Old Testament, vol. 2 (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing
Company, 1975), pp. 242-249
Bird, P.A., "'Male and Female He Created Them': Gen 1:27b in the Context of the
Priestly Account of Creation," HTR 74:2 (1981), pp. 129-59
Blenkinsopp, J., A History of Prophecy in Israel: From the Settlement in the Land to the
Hellenistic Period (Philadelphia, 1983), p. 69
idem, Isaiah 1-39 (New York, London, Toronto, Sydney, Auckland: Doubleday, 2000),
pp. 351-352
idem, Isaiah 40-55 (New York, London, Toronto, Sydney, Auckland: Doubleday,
2000), pp. 44, 92-102, 208-12, 297-307, 317-23, 344-57
Bright, J., A History of Israel (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1981), pp. 227, 317-26,
331-339, 345-53, 361-362
Brueggemann, W., "The Epistemological Crisis in Israel’s Two Histories (Jer 9: 22-
23)," in: Gammie, J.G. (ed.), Israelite Wisdom: theological and literary essays in honor
of Samuel Terrien (Missoula: Scholars, 1978), p. 86
idem, "A Shape for Old Testament Theology: Structure Legitimation," CBQ 47 (1985),
pp. 28–46
idem, Isaiah 1-39 (Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press, 1998), p. 188
idem, Isaiah 40-66 (Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press, 1998), pp. pp.
109-114
idem, A Commentary on Jeremiah: Exile & Homecoming (Grand Rapids,
Michigan/Gambridge, U.K.: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1998), pp.
109-112, 296, 319
Cassuto, U., Abrahams, I. (tr.), The Goddess Anath: Canaanite Epics of the Patriarchal
Age (Jerusalem: Magnes, 1971), pp. 71–75
idem, "On the Formal and Stylistic Relationship Between Deutero-Isaiah and Other
Biblical Writers," in: Abrahams, I. (tr.) Biblical and Oriental Studies (Magnes:
Jerusalem, 1973), pp. 1: 143-60
Ceresko, A.R., "The Rhetorical Strategy of the Fourth Servant Song (Isaiah 52:13–
53:12): Poetry and the Exodus-New Exodus," CBQ 56 (1994), pp. 42–55
Childs, B.S., Exodus; a Commentary (Bloomsbury Street London: SCM Press LTD,
1975), p. 415
idem, Introduction to the Old Testament as Scripture (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1979), pp.
328-330
idem, Isaiah: A Commentary (Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox, 2000), pp.
289-290, 384
Clements, R.E., Abraham and David: Genesis XV and its Meaning for Israelite
Traditions (Bloomsbury Street London: SCM PRESS LTD, 1967)
idem, "Isaiah 53 and the Restoration of Israel", in: Bellinger, W.H. JR. and Farmer,
W.R. (ed.), Jesus and The Suffering Servant (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Trinity Press
International, 1998), pp. 39-54
idem, "The Davidic Covenant in the Isaiah Tradition," in: Mayes, A.D.H. and Salters,
R.B. (ed.), Covenant as Context: Essays in Honor of E.W. Nicholson (Oxford
University Press, 2003), p. 42
Clifford, R.J., "Psalm 89: A Lament Over the Davidic Ruler’s Continued Failure," HTR
73 (1980), pp. 35-47
idem, Creation Accounts in the Ancient Near East and in the Bible (The Catholic
Biblical Quarterly; Monograph Series 26, 1994), pp. 163-76
Clifford, R.J.S.J. and Collins, J.J., "Introduction: The Theology of Creation Traditions",
in: Clifford R.J. and Collins J.J. (ed.), Creation in the Biblical Traditions (The Catholic
Biblical Quarterly; Monograph Series 24, 1992), pp. 1-15
Clines, D.J.A., I, HE, WE AND THEY: A LITERARY APPROACH TO ISAIAH 53,
(Sheffield, England : JSOT, 1976), pp. 11-22
Coogan, M.D., "Life in the Diaspora," BA 37 (1974), pp. 6-12
Cornill, C.H., "Die Komposition des Buches Jesaja," ZAW 4 (1884), pp. 103-104
Cross, F.M., Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University
Press, 1973), pp. 223-229
Day, J., God’s Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea; Echoes of a Canaanite Myth in the
Old Testament (Cambridge, London, New York, New Rochelle, Melbourne, Sydney:
Cambridge University Press, 1984)
idem, "Why Does God 'Establish' rather than 'Cut' Covenants in the Priestly Source?,"
in: Mayes, A.D.H. and Salters, R.B. (ed.), Covenant as Context: Essays in Honour of
E.W. Nicholson (Oxford University Press, 2003), pp. 91-110
Dell, K.J., "Covenant and Creation in Relationship," in: Mayes, A.D.H. and Salters,
R.B. (ed.), Covenant as Context: Essays in Honour of E.W. Nicholson (Oxford
University Press, 2003), pp. 111-33
Dequeker, L., "Noah and Israel; The Everlasting Divine Covenant with Mankind," in:
Duculot, J. S.A, (ed.), Questions Disputées d’Ancien Testament: Méthode et Théologie
(Leuven University Press, 1974), pp. 117-24
Deroche, M., "Contra Creation, Covenant and Conquest (Jer. viii 13)," VT 30 (1980),
pp. 280-90
idem, "Zephaniah I 2-3: The 'Sweeping' of Creation," VT 30 (1980), pp. 104-108
idem, "The Reversal of Creation in Hosea," VT 31 (1981), pp. 400-409
Driver, S.R., An Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament (Edinburgh 1913),
p. 237
Duhm, B. Die Psalmen (Kurzer Hand-Commentar zum Alten Testament 14; Freiburg i.
Br. 1899), p. 25
idem, Das Buch Jeremia (Tübingen and Leipzig: Mohr, 1901), p. ix
Dumbrell, W.J., Covenant & Creation: An Old Testament Covenantal Theology (Cape
Town: Paternoster, 1984)
Eaton, J.H., "The Origin of the Book of Isaiah," VT 9 (1959), pp. 138-57
Eissfeldt, O., "The Promises of Grace to David in Isaiah 55:1-5," Anderson, B.W. and
Harrelson, W. (eds.), Israel's Prophetic Heritage: Essays in Honor of James
Muilenburg (London: SCM, 1962), pp. 196–207
Elliger, K., Deuterojesaja in seinem Verhältnis zu Tritojesaja (BWANT 63; Stuttgart:
Kohlhammer, 1933)
Fishbane, M., Biblical Interpretation in Ancient Israel (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985),
pp. 322-326, 350-379
Fried, L.S., "Cyrus the Messiah? The Historical Background to Isaiah 45:1," HTR 95:4
(2002), pp. 373-95
Gakuru, G., An Inner-Biblical Exegetical Study of the Davidic Covenant and the
Dynastic Oracle (Lewiston, Queenston, Lampeter: the Edwin Mellen Press, 2000), pp.
23-47, 49-77
Ginsberg, H. L., The Israelian Heritage of Judaism (New York: The Jewish Theological
Seminary of America, 1982), pp. 97-99
Goldingay, J. and Payne, D., Isaiah 40-55, vol. 1 (T&T Clark, 2005)
Goldingay, J., The Message of Isaiah 40-55; A Literary-Theological Commentary (T &
T Clark, 2005)
Gowan, D.E., Eschatology in the Old Testament (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1986)
Görg, M., “ r qîa”, in: Botterweck, J.B., Ringgren, H. and Fabry, H.J. (ed.), Stott,
D.W. (tr.), Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, vol. 13 (Grand Rapids,
Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1997), pp. 646-53
Grant, M., The History of Ancient Israel (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1984), p.
183
Gray, J., 1 & 2 Kings: A Commentary (Bloomsbury Street London: SCM PRESS LTD,
1970), pp. 579-81
Grayson, A.K., "Chronicle 7, col. iii 22-28," in: Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles
(1975; reprinted Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 2000), pp. 110-111
Greenberg, M., Ezekiel 1-20: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary
(Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1983), p. 301
idem, Ezekiel 21-37: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary (Garden
City, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1983), p. 703
Gunkel, H., "The Influence of Babylonian Mythology upon the Biblical Creation
Story," Anderson, B.W. (ed.), Creation in the Old Testament (Philadelphia: Fortress,
1984), pp. 25–52
idem, Creation and Chaos in the Primeval Era and the Eschaton: A Religio-Historical
Study of Genesis 1 and Revelation (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 2006)
Haag, E., “ šabat”, in: Botterweck, J.B., Ringgren, H. and Fabry, H.J. (ed.), Stott,
D.W. (tr.), Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, vol. 14 (Grand Rapids,
Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1997), pp. 382-383
Habel, N.C., "He Who Stretches out the Heavens," CBQ 34 (1972), pp. 417–30
idem, "'YAHWEH, Maker of Heaven and Earth': A Study in Tradition Criticism," JBL
91 (1972), pp. 321-37
Hanson, P.D., Isaiah 40-66 (Louisville: John Knox Press, 1995), p. 46
idem, "The World of the Servant of the Lord in Isaiah 40-55", in: Bellinger, W.H. JR.
and Farmer, W.R. (ed.), Jesus and The Suffering Servant (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania:
Trinity International, 1998), pp. 9-22
Haran, M., "The Literary Structure and Chronological Framework of the Prophecies in
Is 40-48," SVT 9(1963), pp. 150ff
Harner, P.B., "Creation Faith in Deutero-Isaiah," VT 17 (1967), pp. 298–306
Hayes, J.H., "The Tradition of Zion’s Inviolability," JBL 82 (1963), pp. 421-426
Hillers, D.R., Lamentations (Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc.
1972), pp. xviii-xxiii
Jacobsen, T., "Religious Drama in Ancient Mesopotamia," in: Goedicke, H. and
Roberts, J.J.M. (ed.), Unity and Diversity (Baltimore, 1975), pp. 73-74
Jensen, J., The Use of Tora by Isaiah: His Debate with the Wisdom Tradition
(Washington: Catholic Biblical Association of America, 1973), p. 23
Jones, D.R., "The Tradition of the Oracles of Isaiah of Jerusalem," ZAW 67 (1955), pp.
226-46
Jones, G. H., 1 and 2 Kings, vol. 1: NCBC (Basingstoke: Marshall Morgan and Scott,
1984), pp. 182-184
Kaminsky, J.S., Yet I loved Jacob: Reclaiming the Biblical Concept of Election
(Nashville: Abingdon Press, 2007), p. 82
Kapelrud, A., "The Date of the Priestly Code (P)". ASTI 3 (1964), pp. 58-64
Kaufmann, Y., Efroymson, C.W. (tr.), The Babylonian Captivity and Deutero-Isaiah
(New York: Union of American Hebrew Congregations, 1971), pp. 9, 61-70, 149
Kenyon, K.M., Jerusalem (London: Thames and Hudson; New York: McGraw-Hill,
1967), pp. 78-104, 107f
Kimchi, D., " " in (reprinted New York: Pardes, 1993)
Kittel, R., “Cyrus and Deterojesaya,” ZAW 18 (1898), pp. 149-62
Klein, J., "Akitu," in: Freedman, D.N., Herion, G.A. and Plein, J.D. (ed.), The Anchor
Bible Dictionary, vol. 1 (New York, London, Toronto, Sydney, Auckland, 1992), pp.
138-140
Klein, R.W., Israel in Exile: A Theological Interpretation, Overtures to Biblical
Theology (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1979), pp. 105-106
Knight, G.A.F., Servant Theology; A Commentary on the Book of Isaiah 40-55
(Edinburgh: Handsel Press; Grand Rapids: W.B. Eerdmans Pub. Co., 1984), p. 145
Kraus, H.J., Buswell, G. (tr.), Worship in Israel: A Cultic History of the Old Testament
(Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1966), pp. 183-200, 205-208
idem, Oswald, J.C. (tr.), Psalms: A Commentary (Minneapolis : Augsburg publishing
house, 1988-1989), p. 171
Lambert, W.G., "The Great Battle of the Mesopotamian Religious Year: The Conflict in
the Akîtu House," Iraq 25 (1963), pp. 189-90
idem, "Myth and Ritual as Conceived by the Babylonians," JSS 13 (1968), pp. 104-12
Landes, G.M., "Creation and Liberation," USQR 33/2 (Winter 1978), pp. 79-89
Langdon, S., The Babylonian Epic of Creation; Restored from the Recently Recovered
Tablets of Aššur (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1923), pp. 78-79, 146-147, 192-193, 202-
203
Levenson, J.D., Sinai and Zion (San Francisco: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1987), pp.
93-94, 144, 191-217
idem, Creation and the Persistence of Evil: The Jewish Drama of Divine Omnipotence
(San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1988), pp. 66-77, 134
Lindblom, J., Prophecy in Ancient Israel (Oxford: Basil Blackwell MCMLXIII, 1963),
pp. 360-76
Loewenstamm, S.E., Schwartz, B. J. (tr.), The evolution of the exodus tradition
(Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1992), pp. 233-57
Loretz, O., " - Band-Bund", VT 16, pp. 239-41
Ludwig, T.M., "The Traditions of the Establishing of the Earth in Deutero-Isaiah," JBL
92 (1973), pp. 345-57
Mann, T. W., "Stars, Sprouts, and Streams: The Creative Redeemer of Second Isaiah,"
in: Brown, W.P. and McBride, S.D. Jr. (ed.), God Who Creates; Essays in Honor of W.
Sibley Towner (Grand Rapids, Michigan/ Cambridge, U.K: William B. Eerdmans
Publishing Company, 2000), pp. 135-51
Mays, J.L., Hosea: A Commentary (Bloomsbury Street London, SCM PRESS LTD,
1969), p. 49-51
McCarthy, D.J. S.J., "'Creation' Motifs in Ancient Hebrew Poetry", CBQ 29/3 (1967),
pp. 87-100
McKenzie, J.L., The Second Isaiah, (New York: Doubleday & Company, 1968), pp.
xxv, xxxi, xxxviii- lv, 36-41, 103-09, 129-136
Melugin, R.F., The Formation of Isaiah 40-55 (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1976), pp.
64-74
Mendenhall, G.E., "Law and Covenant in Israel and the Ancient Near East," BA 17
(1954), pp. 50-76
Mettinger, T.N.D., A Farewell to the Servant Songs (CWK GLEERUP, 1983)
Milgrom, J., Leviticus 1-16; A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary
(New York, London, Tronto, Sydney, Auckland: Doubleday, 1991), p. 327
Miller, P.D., "Creation and Covenant", Israelite Religion and Biblical Theology:
Collected Essays (JSOT Sup 267; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2000), pp. 471–
91
idem, "El, the Creator of Earth", ibid, pp.45–49
Montgomery, J. A. and Gehman, H.S., A Critical Exegetical Commentary on the Books
of Kings, ICC (Edinburgh: T and T Clark, 1951), pp. 170-174
Moran, W.L. S.J., "The Ancient Near Eastern Background of the Love of God in
Deuteronomy", CBQ 25 (1963), pp. 77-87
Morgan. D.E., “Wisdom and the Prophets”, Livinstone (ed.), Studia Biblica 1978,
JSOTSup 11 (Sheffield: JSOT, 1979), pp. 209-44
Mowinckel, S., Prophecy and Tradition: The Prophetic Books in the Light of the Study
of the Growth and History of the Tradition (Oslo, 1946), pp. 67-70
idem, The Psalms in Israel’s Worship, vol. 1 (Oxford, 1962), pp. 106-92 ; vol. 2, pp.
222-50
Murray, R., The Cosmic Covenant (Heythrop Monographs 7; London: Sheed & Ward),
p. 29
Napier, B.D., "On Creation-Faith in the Old Testament," Interpretation 16 (1962), pp.
21–42
Newman, M.L. Jr., The People of the Covenant: A Study of Israel from Moses to the
Monarchy (New York, Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1962), pp. 46-55, 112ff
Nicholson, E.W., "The Nature of Deuteronomy and the Traditions upon which it
stands," Deuteronomy and Tradition (Oxford: B.Blackwell, 1967), pp. 37-57, 93
North, C.R., The Suffering Servant in Deutero-Isaiah; An Historical and Critical Study
(Oxford University Press, 1963)
idem, The Second Isaiah, (Oxford: Clarendon, 1972)
O’Connell, K.G., "Continuity & Change in Israel’s Covenant with God," Bible Review
(1985), vol. 14, pp. 46-55
Orlinsky, H.M., Studies on the Second Part of the Book of Isaiah: The So-called
“Servant of the Lord” and “Suffering Servant” in Second Isaiah (Leiden: E.J. Brill,
1967)
Pallis, S.A., The Babylonian Akîtu Festival (København: Bianco Lunos Bogtrykkeri,
1926), pp. 7-12, 126-127
Paul, S.M., "Literary and Ideological Echoes of Jeremiah in Deutero-Isaiah",
Proceedings of the Fifth World Congress of Jewish Studies (1969), pp. 1: 109-21,
reprinted in Divrei Shalom; Collected Studies of Shalom M. Paul on the Bible and the
Ancient Near East Leiden, Boston Brill, 2005
idem, "Deutero-Isaiah and Cuneiform Royal Inscriptions", in: Divrei Shalom; Collected
Studies of Shalom M. Paul on the Bible and the Ancient Near East Leiden, Boston
Brill, 2005 , pp. 11-22
idem, Amos; A Commentary on the Book of Amos (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1991),
pp. 90-91, 101
idem, “Deuteronomi(sti)c Influences on Deutero-Isaiah”, in: Fox, M.S. et alii (ed.),
Mishneh Torah: Studies in Deuteronomy and its Cultural Environment in Honor of Jeff
Tigay (Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns, 2009), pp. 219-27
Perowne, J.J.S., The Books of Psalms: A New Translation with Introduction and Notes
(Andover 1901), p. I, 121
Pfeiffer, R.H., Introduction to the Old Testament (New York: Har per and Brothers,
1941; rev. ed., 1948), p. 415
Phipps, W.E., Genesis and Gender; Biblical Myths of Sexuality and Their Cultural
Impact (New York, Westport, Connecticut, London: Praeger Publishers, 1989), p. 2
Postegate, J.N., Neo-Assyrian Royal Grants and Decrees (Rome: Pontifical Biblical
Institute, 1969)
Rendtorff, R., "Covenant as a Structuring Concept in Genesis and Exodus," JBL 108
(1989), pp. 385–93
idem, "'Where Were You When I Laid the Foundation of the Earth?': Creation and
Salvation History," in: Kohl, M. (tr.), Canon and Theology: Overtures to an Old
Testament Theology (Edinburgh T & T Clark, 1993), pp. 92–113
idem, The Covenant Formula (Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1998), pp. 70-76
Reventlow, H.G., "Basic Issues in the Interpretation of Isaiah 53," in: Bellinger, W.H.
JR. and Farmer, W.R. (ed.), Jesus and The Suffering Servant (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania:
Trinity Press International, 1998), pp. 23-38
Ringgren, H., "e îm," in: Botterweck, G.J. and Ringgren, H. (ed.), Willis, J.T. (tr.),
Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, vol. 1 (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William
B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1997), pp. 267-84
Rowley, H.H., "The Servant of the Lord in the Light of Three Decades of Criticism,"
The Servant of the Lord, (London 1965), pp. 3-59
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London, Toronto, Sydney, Auckland, 1992), pp. 1004-1006
Rost, L., "Sinaibund und Davidsbund," ThLZ 3 (1947), pp. 129-34
Schmid, H.H., "Creation, Righteousness, and Salvation: 'Creation Theology' as the
Broad Horizon of Biblical Theology," Anderson, B.W. (ed.), Creation in the Old
Testament (Philadelphia Fortress, 1984), pp. 102–17
Segal, J.B., The Hebrew Passover (London: Oxford University, 1963), pp. 114-54
Simon, U., "Ibn Ezra between Medievalism and Modernism: The Case of Isaiah xl-
lxvi," in Emerton, J. A. (ed.), Congress Volume: Salamanca 1983 (SVT 36; Leiden,
1985), pp. 257-71
Snaith, N. H., “Isaiah 40-66: A Study of the Teaching of the Second Isaiah and Its
Consequences”, Studies on the Second Part of the Book of Isaiah (VT Suppl. 14),
Leiden, 1967, pp. 135-264
Sommer, B.D., A Prophet Reads Scripture: Allusion in Isaiah 40–66 (Stanford:
Stanford University Press, 1998)
idem, "New Light on the Composition of Jeremiah," CBQ 61 (1999), pp. 646-66
idem, "The Babylonian Akitu Festival: Rectifying the King or Renewing the Cosmos?,"
JANES 27 (2000), pp. 81-95
Stade, B., Biblische Theologie des Alten Testaments, vol. 1: Die Religion Israels und die
Entstehung des Judentums (Freiburg and Leipzig, 1905), pp. 235-46
Stendebach, F.J., “ ôm” in: Botterweck, J.B., Ringgren, H. and Fabry, H.J. (ed.),
Green, D.E. (tr.), Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, vol. 15 (Grand Rapids,
Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1997), pp. 13-49
Stolper, M.W., Entrepreneurs and Empire; The Murašu Archive, the Murašu firm and
the Persian rule in Babylonia (Leiden, 1985)
Stuhlmueller, C., "The Theology of Creation in Second Isaiah," CBQ 21 (1959), pp.
429–67
idem, "'First and Last' and 'Yahweh-Creator' in Deutero-Isaiah," CBQ 29 (1967), pp.
495–511
idem, Creative Redemption in Deutero-Isaiah (Rome: Biblical Institute, 1970)
idem, "Deutero-Isaiah (Chaps. 40-55): Major Transitions in the Prophet’s Theology and
in Contemporary Scholarship," CBQ 42 (1980), pp. 1–29
Torrey, C.C., The Second Isaiah: A New Interpretation (New York: Charles Scribner’s
Sons, 1928)
von Rad, G., Genesis; A Commentary (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1961), p. 45
idem, "The Theological Problem of the Old Testament Doctrine of Creation," Anderson,
B.W. (ed.), Creation in the Old Testament (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1984), pp. 53–64
idem, Problem of the Hexateuch (Trans. 1966), pp. 1-78
Walton, J.H., Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament: Introducing the
Conceptual World of the Hebrew Bible (Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Academic,
2006), pp. 113-30, 168, 181, 197
Waschke, E.J., " ," in: Botterweck, J.B., Ringgren, H. and Fabry, H.J. (ed.), Green,
D.E. (tr.), Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, vol. 15 (Grand Rapids,
Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1997), pp. 574-81
Watts, J.D.W., Isaiah 34-66 (Waco, Texas: Word Books, 1987), pp. 73-75, 94
Weinfeld, M., "The Covenant of Grant in the Old Testament and in the Ancient Near
East," JAOS 90 (1970), pp. 184–203
idem, Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomic School (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972), pp.
59-61
idem, "Covenant, Davidic," Interpreter’s Dictionary: Supplementary Volume
(Nashville: Abingdon, 1976), pp. 190
idem, Social Justice in Ancient Israel and in the Ancient Near East (Jerusalem,
Minneapolis: The Magnes Press, The Hebrew University, Fortress Press, 1995), pp. 11-
14, 20-26
idem, “ berîth”, Botterweck, G.J. and Ringgren, H. (ed.), Theological Dictionary of
the Old Testament, vol. 2 (Grand Rapids, Michigan: William B. Eerdmans Publishing
Company, 1997), pp. 253-79
Weiser, A., The Psalms: A Commentary (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1962), p. 792
Westermann, C., Isaiah 40–66: A Commentary (London SCM, 1969)
idem, Scullion, J.J. S.J. (tr.), Genesis 1-11: A Commentary, (Minneapolis: Augsburg
Publishing House, 1984), p. 26-41
idem, Crim, K. (tr.), Prophetic Oracles of Salvation in the Old Testament (Louisville,
Kentucky: Westminster/John Knox Press, 1991), p. 39
Whitley, C.F., "The Pattern of Creation in Genesis Chapter 1," JNES 18 (1859), pp. 32-
40
Whybray, R.N., The Heavenly Counselor in Isaiah xl 13-14: A Study of the Sources of
the Theology of Deutero-Isaiah (Cambridge University Press, 1971), pp. 2-9, 64-77
idem, The Second Isaiah (Sheffield : JSOT Press, 1983), pp. 2-5, 65-81
Williamson, H. G. M., Ezra, Nehemiah (WBC 16; Waco, 1985), p. 10
Williamson, P.R., Abraham, Israel and the Nations: The Patriarchal Promise and its
Covenantal Development in Genesis (JSOT 315: Sheffield Academic Press), pp. 157-
158
Wilson, L., “Wisdom in Isaiah”, Firth, D.G. and Williamson, H.G.M. (ed.), Interpreting
Isaiah: Issues and Approaches (Downers Grove, Illinois: IVP Academic, 2009), pp.
145-67
idem, The Book Called Isaiah: Deutero-Isaiah’s Role in Composition and Redaction
(Oxford: Clarendon Press 1994), p. 1-2
Wiseman, D.J., Chronicles of Chaldaean Kings (626-556 B.C.) in the British Museum,
(London: The Trustees of the British Museum, 1961)
idem, "The Vassal-Treaties of Esarhaddon," Iraq 20 (1958), pp. 266-268
Wolff, H.W., Stansell, G. (tr.), Hosea: A Commentary on the Book of the Prophet
Hosea, (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1974), p. 48, 51, 57, 63
Wyatt, N., "Androgyny as a Theological Strategy in West Semitic Thought: Some
Preliminary Reflections," in: Helzter, M. and Malul, M. (ed.), Teshurot LaAvishur;
Studies in the Bible and the Ancient Near East in Hebrew and Semitic Languages,
Festschrift Presented to Prof. Yizhak Avishur on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday (Tel-
Aviv: Archeological Center Publications, 2004), pp. 191-198
Yee, G.A., "The Theology of Creation in Proverbs 8:22-31," in: Clifford, R.J. and
Collins, J.J. (ed.), Creation in the Biblical Traditions (The Catholic Biblical Quarterly
Monograph Series 24, 1992), pp. 85-96
Youngblood, R.F., "The Abrahamic Covenant: Conditional or Unconditional?," in:
Inch, M. and Youngblood, R.F. (ed.), The Living and Active Word of God (Festschrift
S.J. Schultz; Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1983), p. 35
Padova 1867
