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Freehand Sketching


2

Freehand Sketching

• Freehand sketching is a method of

making a drawing without the use of

instruments.

– Most designers use sketches to “think

through” an idea before making the final

drawing.

– Freehand sketching requires only a pencil

and plain or grid paper.

(continued)


3

Freehand Sketching

• Cross-section

paper may be

used for freehand

sketching.


4

Sketching Technique

• When sketching, hold the pencil with a

grip firm enough to control the strokes.

• Your arm and hand should have a free

and easy movement.

• It is helpful to use a soft lead type.

• As you sketch, rotate the pencil slightly

between the strokes to retain the point

longer.

• Initial lines should be sharp and light.


5

Sketching Technique

• Apply light pressure to avoid making

grooves in the paper.

• Keep your eye on the point where the

line will end; use a series of short

strokes to reach that point.

• When all the lines are sketched, go

back and darken the lines.

• Strive for neatness and good technique.

(continued)


6

Sketching Technique

• When sketching, grip your the pencil

farther back than you normally would.


7

Sketching Horizontal Lines

• There are four basic steps.


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Sketching Vertical Lines

• There are four

basic steps.


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Sketching Inclined Lines

• Locate the end points

of the line.

• Position arm for trial

movement.

• Sketch several short,

light lines.

• Focus on end point.

• Darken the line.


10

Sketching an Angle

• First, sketch a right

angle (90°).

• Subdivide the right

angle to get the

angle you desire.


11

Sketching Circles and Arcs

• There are several methods of sketching

circles and arcs:

– Centerline method.

– Enclosing square method.

– Hand-pivot method.

– Free-circle method.

• All are sufficiently accurate, so use the

best method for a particular situation.


12

Centerline Method

• Locate centerlines.

• Mark off radius.

• Position arm.

• Sketch the circle in short sweeps.

• Darken the circle.


13

Enclosing Square Method

• Locate centerlines.

• Sketch a box equal to the diameter.

• Sketch arcs where the centerlines cross the box line.

• Sketch the circle.


14

Hand-Pivot Method

• First, position the pencil and small

finger. Then, rotate the paper to sketch

the circle.


15

Hand Sketching Arcs

• Control the shape of arcs by first

sketching squares.


16

Sketching Ellipses

• The rectangular method for sketching

ellipses is similar to the enclosing

square method for circles.


17

Sketching Irregular Curves

• Sketch an irregular curve by connecting

a series of points at intervals of 1/4" to

1/2" along its path.


18

Proportion in Sketching

• Proportion is the size relationship of one

part to another or to the whole object.

• Keep the same width, height, and depth

in proportion.

– Unit method.

– Pencil-sight method.

(continued)


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• Unit Method


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• Gauge proportions using the pencil-

sight method.


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Sketching Practice: Below are four images, each with increasing

difficulty. Use the techniques learned, to draw your most accurate

representation of each image. Turn your sketch into the inbox when

complete including your NAME and DATE. Courtesy of http://rapidfireart.com/2017/05/17/lesson-4-how-to-draw-with-accurate-proportions/

http://rapidfireart.com/2017/05/17/lesson-4-how-to-draw-with-accurate-proportions/

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