Neuro-linguisticNeuro-linguisticProgramming (NLP)Programming (NLP)

History & DevelopmentHistory & Development Original work in the 1970’s by Richard Bandler, Computer Scientist and Original work in the 1970’s by Richard Bandler, Computer Scientist and

Gestalt therapist and Dr. John Grinder, linguist and therapist.Gestalt therapist and Dr. John Grinder, linguist and therapist. Grinder and Bandler fell out(1980’s) , countersued each other amid Grinder and Bandler fell out(1980’s) , countersued each other amid

controversy over intellectual property rights of NLP.controversy over intellectual property rights of NLP. Others used NLP to their own end including Anthony Robbins (Neuro Others used NLP to their own end including Anthony Robbins (Neuro

Associative Conditioning) and Michael Hall( Meta-states) - stepping back Associative Conditioning) and Michael Hall( Meta-states) - stepping back and viewing the self from a larger perspective using self-reflexive and viewing the self from a larger perspective using self-reflexive consciousness.consciousness.

Abundance of developers and trainers created no definitive system of NLPAbundance of developers and trainers created no definitive system of NLP Research reviewers in experimental counseling psychology and the National Research reviewers in experimental counseling psychology and the National

Research council gave NLP an overall negative assessment ( mid -late 80’s)Research council gave NLP an overall negative assessment ( mid -late 80’s) In 2000, Grinder & Bandler settled dispute and became offical co-founders In 2000, Grinder & Bandler settled dispute and became offical co-founders

of NLPof NLP Since then, many types of training certificates exist originally intended for Since then, many types of training certificates exist originally intended for

therapists. Certificate programs can be from 20 days to a 9 month program therapists. Certificate programs can be from 20 days to a 9 month program for a professional level competence. for a professional level competence.

Exists as a set of techniques, methods, concepts, and labelsExists as a set of techniques, methods, concepts, and labels NLP is still an open field of training.NLP is still an open field of training.

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What is NLP?What is NLP?Richard Bandler ‘s definition: Richard Bandler ‘s definition: "The Study of the Structure of Subjective Experience and what can be calculated "The Study of the Structure of Subjective Experience and what can be calculated

from it.”from it.”

Others definition of NLPOthers definition of NLP An approach to discovering and modifying patterns of human thought and An approach to discovering and modifying patterns of human thought and

behavior.behavior.

NLP is a universal model for communication and change. It is also an attitude NLP is a universal model for communication and change. It is also an attitude and a set of techniques to influence ourselves and others with precision, elegance and a set of techniques to influence ourselves and others with precision, elegance and integrity. and integrity.

NLP describes the fundamental dynamics between mind (neuro) and language NLP describes the fundamental dynamics between mind (neuro) and language (linguistic) and how their interaction effects our body and behavior (linguistic) and how their interaction effects our body and behavior (programming).(programming).

NLP is about the study of patterns in human behavior that usually are outside of NLP is about the study of patterns in human behavior that usually are outside of conscious awareness. conscious awareness.

NLP is is a tool for generating change for changes sake.NLP is is a tool for generating change for changes sake.

NLP is the Art and Science of Personal ExcellenceNLP is the Art and Science of Personal Excellence

Applications of NLPApplications of NLP

Companies, Companies, organizations, and organizations, and individuals use NLP individuals use NLP as a communication as a communication and self-improvement and self-improvement tool.tool.

Directors and executivesDirectors and executives Managers at all levelsManagers at all levels Sales peopleSales people AdministratorsAdministrators Engineering and technical staffEngineering and technical staff Customer care operativesCustomer care operatives Receptionists and secretariesReceptionists and secretaries TrainersTrainers Human Resource personnelHuman Resource personnel TherapistsTherapists ActorsActors

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Core ResearchCore Research

Premise: Perceptions are Premise: Perceptions are represented in the brain represented in the brain through our five senses with through our five senses with images, sounds, images, sounds, smells,taste, and touch.smells,taste, and touch.

Individual’s thoughts, gestures, Individual’s thoughts, gestures, and words interact to create and words interact to create a perception of the world. By a perception of the world. By changing one’s outlook, one changing one’s outlook, one can improve his-her attitudes can improve his-her attitudes and actions.and actions.

Studied 3 prominent therapists to Studied 3 prominent therapists to determine their effectiveness at determine their effectiveness at work. What made these successful work. What made these successful psychotherapists different from their psychotherapists different from their peers? They studied Dr. Milton peers? They studied Dr. Milton Erickson, father of modern Erickson, father of modern hypnotherapy; Fritz Perls, creator of hypnotherapy; Fritz Perls, creator of Gestalt therapy;Virginia Satir, mother Gestalt therapy;Virginia Satir, mother of modern-day family therapyof modern-day family therapy

Research revealed information about Research revealed information about patterns of behavior and specific patterns of behavior and specific actions successful people exhibitedactions successful people exhibited

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ModelingModeling

Process of adopting Process of adopting the behaviors, the behaviors, language, strategies, language, strategies, and beliefs of another and beliefs of another personperson

Grinder and Bandler modeled Grinder and Bandler modeled the three therapists and the three therapists and developed special “patterns” for developed special “patterns” for general communication, rapport-general communication, rapport-building, and self-improvement.building, and self-improvement.

NLP could be developed as a NLP could be developed as a tool for modeling excellencetool for modeling excellence

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Representational systemsRepresentational systemsGrinder and Bandler focused on three major Grinder and Bandler focused on three major

representational modalities to use in their representational modalities to use in their research.research.

Visual (V)Visual (V) Auditory (A)Auditory (A) Kinesthetic (K)Kinesthetic (K)

Each modality is broken down into smaller Each modality is broken down into smaller structural divisions called Submodalitiesstructural divisions called Submodalities

NLP SubmodalitiesNLP SubmodalitiesSubmodality is a distinction of form or structure (rather Submodality is a distinction of form or structure (rather

than content). A submodality describes the modality with than content). A submodality describes the modality with certain attributes and more precision.certain attributes and more precision.

For example, For example,

Visual(modality) images can have many attributes. Some Visual(modality) images can have many attributes. Some common visual attributes(Submodalities) could be clear, common visual attributes(Submodalities) could be clear, fuzzy, bright or dark.fuzzy, bright or dark.

Some Submodalities of the Kinesthetic system could be Some Submodalities of the Kinesthetic system could be soft, warm or cold.soft, warm or cold.

Sample NLP Submodalities of threeSample NLP Submodalities of threeRepresentational SystemsRepresentational Systems

Visual (V) Auditory (A) Kinesthetic (K)Clear, fuzzy, bright, dark, lucid, see, look, imagine, illustrate, picture, convex, concave, watch, gaze, glare,reflect,show

Voice, loud, quiet, volume, hear, listen, tell, say, talk, rhythm, tempo, blaring

Feel, touch, warmth, pressure, handle, cuddle, kiss, emotions

Communication(V)

Samples(A) (K)

“I see what you mean”.“Sandy’s future looks bright.”“Imagine that!”“Show me the money”.

“I hear what you’re saying.”“Listen, could we talk?”“Sounds good to me.”

“I know how you feel.”“I can handle it.”“No Pressure!”“Things are heating up!”

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NLP Representational Systems NLP Representational Systems (Modalities)(Modalities)

VAK Preference Learning stylesVAK Preference Learning styles

Visual (V) Auditory (A) Kinesthetic (K)Someone with a Visual learning style has a preference for seen or observed things including pictures, movies, diagrams, displays, demonstrations

Someone with an Auditory learning style has a preference for the transfer of information through listening; to the spoken word, of self or others, of sounds and noises.

Someone with a Kinesthetic learning style has a preference for physical experience - touching, feeling, holding, doing, practical “hands-on” experiences.

Limitations and DifficultiesLimitations and Difficulties using NLP using NLP

Lacks a specific definition without a Lacks a specific definition without a large body of empirical support. large body of empirical support.

Requires skill. Many use NLP Requires skill. Many use NLP without much preparation or without much preparation or practice, creates potential misuse. practice, creates potential misuse. Missing code of ethicsMissing code of ethics

Difficult to measure scientifically Difficult to measure scientifically making it difficult to determine making it difficult to determine effectiveness and “best use” effectiveness and “best use” strategystrategy

Ambiguous nature of NLP creates Ambiguous nature of NLP creates openings for misinterpreting it openings for misinterpreting it meaningmeaning

NLP ,MI, and Other fields NLP ,MI, and Other fields

NLP and Multiple Intelligences (MI)NLP and Multiple Intelligences (MI)

Both seek to describe a learning Both seek to describe a learning preference that can be useful for preference that can be useful for teaching, learning, and teaching, learning, and communicatingcommunicating

Both seek to provide a model for Both seek to provide a model for understanding the brain and how it understanding the brain and how it worksworks

Both demand active participation on Both demand active participation on the part of the learner.This creates the part of the learner.This creates individualized strategies designed to individualized strategies designed to enhance personal successenhance personal success

Other theories and Fields

•Albert Bandura’s Modeled behavior shares similarities with Grinder and Bandlers modeling for excellence

•NLP like Goleman’s Emotional intelligence seek to recognize feelings and effectively manage emotional states.

•NLP uses Techniques of intervention, patterned behavior, and goal setting which are also found in psychotherapy, hypnotherapy, and Gestalt therapy( aims to make individuals ‘whole’ by increasing their awareness of aspects of their personality which have been denied or disowned).

Learner type Is good at.. Learns best by.. Activities VAK strategy of NLP

Linguistic Reading, writingAnd stories

Saying, hearing andSeeing words

Memory gamesTrivia games,stories

Mostly (A)

Logical/mathematical

Solving puzzles, exploring patterns, reasoning, logic

Asking questions, categorizing and working with problems

PuzzlesProblem solving

(A) with some (V)

Visual/Spatial Drawing, building,Arts and crafts

Visualizing using the minds eye

Flashcards, pictures, colors, project work

Mostly (V) with some (K) hands-on art

Musical Singing, listening to music, play musical instruments

Using rhythm with music on

Using songs, chants, drilling

Mostly (A)

Bodily/Kinesthetic

Moving around, touching things and body language

Moving, touching and doing

Tactile activities, action songs, miming

Mostly (K)

Interpersonal Mixing with others,Leading groups, mediating

Co-operating working in groupsAnd sharing

Mingle activities, group work, debates, discussions

Some (A)Some (K)

Intrapersonal Working alone and pursuing own interests

Working alone Working individually on personalized projects

Some (K), some (A) internal, Some (V)

Naturalistic Nature Working outside, observing nature

Environmentalprojects

(V) With some (K)

Multiple Intelligences with VAK modalitiesMultiple Intelligences with VAK modalities

Beginnings General assumptions

concepts Scope Classroom

NLP Mid-70’s Richard Bandler and John Grinder

People elicit specific physiological patterns which can be modeled and taught for achieving desired outcomes

Modeled behaviors (Bandura), Self -awareness,Self-improvement

Lacks a specific theory for usage ,instead is applied to many fields of interest notably as an application for self-improvement and communication

CreateRapport, identify and utilize an active learning state for a student, communication tool for teacher

MI 1983 - Howard Gardner

Different experiences develop different capabilities expressed as intelligences, Theory Challenges IQ model

Eight distinct intelligences exist in human beings.

Learning Theory encompasses different kinds of intelligences for understanding human development and applications for education

Individualized for student, active learning state