NJLM_2011_Pedestal_PDF Version

NJLM 2011 – IBC 509 Pedestal Buildings – John Drucker

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John Drucker ©

Pedestal Buildings

What they are, How they are Constructed and Protected

2009 IBC/NJ Section 509 – Special Provisions

John Drucker ©

Pedestal Buildings


Pedestal….

1. an architectural supportfor a column, statue, vase, orthe like.

2. a supporting structure orpiece; base.


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Pedestal Buildings


Commentary….

“In practical application, the number of storiespermitted for buildings above a pedestalbuilding is not diminished by having to includethe pedestal building story below the horizontalassembly.”

“Buildings above the pedestal are typicallyType V construction, and determining thenumber of allowable stories without having toinclude the pedestal building’s above gradestory presents a significant design advantage”

Pedestal Building DesignBuilding Safety JournalFebruary 2006

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Pedestal Buildings


2009 IBC/NJ Section 509 Special Provisions

509.1 General.

The provisions in this section shall permit the use of special conditionsthat are…..

exempt from, or modify, the specific requirementsof this chapter regarding the allowable heights andareas of buildings based on the occupancyclassification and type of construction,

provided the special condition complies with the provisions specifiedin this section for such condition and other applicable requirements ofthis code.


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Pedestal Buildings


The provisions of Sections 509.2 through 509.8………

are to be considered independent and separate from each other.

509.2 Horizontal building separation allowance.

509.3 Group S-2 enclosed parking garage with Group S-2 open parking garage above.

509.4 Parking beneath Group R.

509.5 Group R-1 and R-2 buildings of Type IIIA construction.

509.6 Group R-1 and R-2 buildings of Type IIA construction.

509.7 Open parking garage beneath Groups A, I, B,M and R.

509.8 Group B or M with Group S-2 open parking garage.

John Drucker ©

Pedestal Buildings


Lets focus specifically on “Pedestal” or “Podium” Buildings………


History….

”Pedestal Building Design Concept” was provided for in the 1967 edition ofthe Uniform Building Code (UBC) with modifications in the early 1990’s topermit A, B and M uses both above and below the 3 Hour fire separation.

In the drafting of the 2000 IBC the pedestal construction provisions of theUBC were incorporated into the IBC.

The 2009 IBC includes significant changes that expand the allowable usesabove and below the pedestal.


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Pedestal Buildings


Bldg 1

The “Pedestal”

Bldg 2

Separation

Grade

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Pedestal Buildings



A building shall be considered as separate and distinct buildings forthe purpose of determining;

• area limitations,

• continuity of firewalls,

• limitation of number of stories

and

• type of construction

Point of Information….Height Limitation is not listed in this codePoint of Information….Height Limitation is not listed in this codesection, we’ll see why in a moment.section, we’ll see why in a moment.


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Pedestal Buildings



A building shall be considered as separate and distinct buildings forthe purpose of determining;

• area limitations,• continuity of firewalls,• limitation of number of stories and• type of construction

where all of the following conditions are met:

There are seven conditions……………………..

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Pedestal Buildings


1. The buildings are separated with a horizontal assembly having aminimum 3-hour fire-resistance rating.


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Pedestal Buildings


2. The building below the horizontal assembly is no more than one storyabove grade plane.

502.1 Definitions

GRADE PLANE.

A reference plane representing the average offinished ground level adjoining the building at exteriorwalls.

Where the finished ground level slopes away from theexterior walls, the reference plane shall be established by thelowest points within the area between the building and the lotline or, where the lot line is more than 6 feet (1829 mm) fromthe building, between the building and a point 6 feet (1829 mm)from the building.

1 Story

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Pedestal Buildings


3. The building below the horizontal assembly is of Type IA construction.

TABLE 601FIRE-RESISTANCE RATINGREQUIREMENTS FORBUILDING ELEMENTS

IBC Table 601


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Pedestal Buildings


3. The building below the horizontal assembly is of Type IA construction.

Point of Information !Point of Information !

This section is addressing theconstruction type of the pedestalin accordance with Table 601which only requires a two (2)hour fire rating for the floorconstruction whereas the specialprovisions require a three (3)hour fire separation betweenthe building above and belowthe pedestal.

33Hr Required for509.2 PedestalFire Separation

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Pedestal Buildings


4. Shaft, stairway, ramp and escalator enclosures through the horizontalassembly shall have not less than a 2-hour fire-resistance rating withopening protectives in accordance with Section 715.4.

Yes, a 2-hour ratedenclosure is permitted topierce the 3-hourhorizontal separationassembly, however thereis an exception……….


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Pedestal Buildings


Exception: Where the enclosure walls below the horizontal assembly have not less than a 3-hour fire-resistancerating with opening protectives in accordance with Section 715.4, the enclosure walls extending above the horizontalassembly shall be permitted to have a 1-hour fire-resistance rating, provided:

1. The building above the horizontal assembly is not required to be of Type I construction;2. The enclosure connects less than four stories3. The enclosure opening protectives above the horizontal assembly have a minimum 1-hour fire protection rating.

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Pedestal Buildings


5. The building or buildings above the horizontal assembly shall bepermitted to have multiple Group A occupancy uses, each with anoccupant load of less than 300, or Group B, M, R or S occupancies.

Multiple Assembly– less than 300 eachBusinessMercantileResidentialStorage


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Pedestal Buildings


6. The building below the horizontal assembly shall be protected throughout byan approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1,and shall be permitted to be any of the following occupancies:

6.1. Group S-2 parking garage used for the parkingand storage of private motor vehicles;

6.2. Multiple Group A, each with anoccupant load of less than 300;

6.3. Group B;

6.4. Group M;

6.5. Group R;

6.6. Uses incidental to the operationof the building (including entry lobbies,mechanical rooms,storage areas andsimilar uses).

Multiple Assembly– less than 300 eachBusinessMercantileResidentialS2 Private Garage

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Pedestal Buildings


7. The maximum building height in feet (mm) shall not exceed the limitsset forth in Section 503 for the building having the smaller allowableheight as measured from the grade plane.

Use Section & Table 503

Analyze each building

• Use• Construction Type• Suppression Credit

Determine allowable heightDetermine allowable height

Maximum Height of thecombined buildings ismeasured from grade plane,NOT the pedestal, and limitedby the smaller allowable height.

Maximum Height


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Pedestal Buildings


Section 504.2, Allowable building height and story increase due to automatic sprinkler system installation.

504.2 Automatic sprinkler system increase.

For Group R buildings equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with

Section 903.3.1.2, the value specified in Table 503 for maximum building height is increased by 20 feet

(6096 mm) and the maximum number of stories is increased by one, but shall not exceed 60 feet(18 288 mm)or four stories, respectively.

Table 601 Note d. An approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 shall be allowedto be substituted for 1-hour fire-resistance-rated construction, provided such system is not otherwiserequired by other provisions of the code or used for an allowable area increase in accordance with Section506.3 or an allowable height increase in accordance with Section 504.2.The 1-hour substitution for the fire resistance of exterior walls shall not be permitted.

John Drucker ©

Pedestal Buildings



Maximum HeightIs measured fromGrade Plane

R2

M - IA

The smaller allowableheight would be the R2since the M is Unlimited

Remember ……..Remember ……..Maximum Height = Measured from Grade PlaneMaximum Height = Measured from Grade PlaneNumber of Stories = Measured from PedestalNumber of Stories = Measured from Pedestal


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Pedestal Buildings




R2-VB

M - IA


R2 – Type VB 13R SuppressedTable 503 = 40 Ft504.2 13R Suppression + 20 Ft

Maximum Height = 60 Ft

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Pedestal Buildings




R2-VB

M - IA



For Group R buildings equipped throughout with an approved automaticsprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.2, the value specified inTable 503 for maximum building height is increased by 20 feet (6096 mm)and the maximum number of stories is increased by one, but …..

…..shall not exceed 60 feet (18 288 mm)or four stories, respectively.

R2 – Type VA 13R SuppressedTable 503 = 50 Ft504.2 13R Suppression + 20 Ft

Maximum Height = 70 Ft

Why not 70 Ft ?

60 Ft


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Pedestal Buildings


Maximum Numberof Stories is3 measured fromthe pedestal.

R2 -VB

M - IA

R2 – Type VB 13R SuppressedMaximum Number of Stories is 3.(Table 503 = 2 tabular + 1 for Suppression per 504.2)



A building shall be considered as separate and distinct buildings forthe purpose of determining; limitation of number of stories

3 St

1 St

John Drucker ©

Pedestal Buildings


Maximum Numberof Stories is4 measured fromthe pedestal.

R2 -VA

M - IA

R2 – Type VA 13R SuppressedMaximum Number of Stories is 4.(Table 503 = 3 tabular + 1 for Suppression per 504.2)




4 St

1 St


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Pedestal Buildings


R2 -VB

M - IA

R2 – Type VB Suppressed



903.3.1.2 (13R)

903.3.1.1 (13)


For Group R buildings equipped throughout with anapproved automatic sprinkler system in accordance withSection 903.3.1.2, the value specified in Table 503 formaximum building height is increased by 20 feet (6096 mm)and the maximum number of stories is increased by one,

but shall not exceed 60 feet (18 288 mm)or fourstories, respectively.


3 St

1 St

John Drucker ©

Pedestal Buildings


R2 -VA

M - IA

R2 – Type VA Suppressed



903.3.1.2 (13R)

903.3.1.1 (13)



For Group R buildings equipped throughout with anapproved automatic sprinkler system in accordance withSection 903.3.1.2, the value specified in Table 503 formaximum building height is increased by 20 feet (6096 mm)and the maximum number of stories is increased by one,

but shall not exceed 60 feet (18 288 mm)or fourstories, respectively.

4 St

1 St


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Pedestal Buildings


Pedestal Buildings and NFPA-13R

This issue is not without controversy…..….

• is at a four story or …

• five story building ?

• is NFPA-13R appropriate ?

John Drucker ©

Pedestal Buildings



2009 IBC Commentary Pg 5-47

7. “The height of the combined buildings above and below thehorizontal assembly is limited to the number of feet abovegrade plane allowed by Section 503 for the type ofconstruction of the upper building.

However the charging language of Section 509.2 does notrestrict the number of stories of the entire structure but only tothat which is above the horizontal assembly.

Thus a Type VA Building, protected by a NFPA-13R sprinklersystem and containing a Group R-2 occupancy, can havefour stories above the horizontal assembly, provided theoverall height of both building does not exceed 60 feetabove grade plane.”

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fire_door.jpg


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Pedestal Buildings



Pg 24 Building Safety Journal February 2006

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Pedestal Buildings



DCA C&S Code Assistance hasexpressed opinion concurring thatthe measurement begins at the top ofthe pedestal consistent with the IBCand that NFPA-13R is appropriate.

11/14/2011


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Pedestal Buildings


4.1 Sprinklered Throughout.A building provided with a fire sprinkler system designed and installed in accordance with the requirements of thisstandard, including its allowable omissions, shall be considered fully sprinklered throughout.

6.9 Location of Sprinklers.

6.9.1 Sprinklers shall be installed in all areas except where omission is permitted by 6.9.2 through 6.9.7.

6.9.2 Sprinklers shall not be required in bathrooms where the bathroom area does not exceed 55 ft2 (5.1 m2).

6.9.3 Except where specified in 6.9.4, sprinklers shall not be required in clothes closets, linen closets, andpantries within dwelling units that meet all of the following conditions:

(1) The area of the space does not exceed 24 ft2 (2.2 m2).(2) The least dimension does not exceed 3 ft (0.91 m).(3) The walls and ceilings are surfaced with noncombustibleor limited-combustible materials as defined by NFPA 220,Standard on Types of Building Construction.

6.9.4 Sprinklers shall be installed in any closet used for heating and air-conditioning equipment.

2007 NFPA-13R Fire Sprinkler System Limitations

Information for Code Officials and the Fire ServiceInformation for Code Officials and the Fire Service

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Pedestal Buildings


4.1 Sprinklered Throughout.A building provided with a fire sprinkler system designed and installed in accordance with the requirements ofthis standard, including its allowable omissions, shall be considered fully sprinklered throughout.


6.9.5 Sprinklers shall not be required in any porches, balconies, corridors, and stairs that are open and attached.

[F] IBC/NJ 903.3.1.2 NFPA 13R sprinkler systems.

[F] IBC/NJ 903.3.1.2.1 Balconies and decks.

Sprinkler protection shall be provided for exterior balconies, decks and ground floor patios of dwellingunits where the building is of Type V construction, provided there is a roof or deck above. Sidewallsprinklers that are used to protect such areas shall be permitted to be located such that their deflectors are within1 inch (25 mm) to 6 inches (152 mm) below the structural members and a maximum distance of 14 inches (356mm) below the deck of the exterior balconies and decks that are constructed of open wood joist construction.




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Pedestal Buildings




4.1 Sprinklered Throughout.A building provided with a fire sprinkler system designed and installed in accordance with the requirements of thisstandard, including its allowable omissions, shall be considered fully sprinklered throughout.


6.9.6 Sprinklers shall not be required in attics, penthouse equipment rooms, elevator machine rooms,concealed spaces dedicated exclusively to and containing only dwelling unit ventilation equipment,crawl spaces, floor/ceiling spaces, noncombustible elevator shafts where the elevator cars comply withANSI A17.1, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators, and other concealed spaces that are not used orintended for living purposes or storage and do not contain fuel-fired equipment.

6.9.7 Sprinklers shall not be required in closets on exterior balconies, regardless of size, as long as there areno doors or unprotected penetrations from the closet directly into the dwelling unit.

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Pedestal Buildings




Section 905 Standpipe Systems

[F] 905.3.1 Height.

Class III standpipe systems shall be installed throughout buildings where the floor level of thehighest story is located more than 30 feet (9144 mm) above the lowest level of firedepartment vehicle access, or where the floor level of the lowest story is located more than 30feet (9144 mm) below the highest level of fire department vehicle access.

Exceptions:

1. Class I standpipes are allowed in buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinklersystem in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2.


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Pedestal Buildings




Section 905 Standpipe Systems

[F] 905.3.2 Building Area

In buildings exceeding 10,000 sf in area per story (appx 100 X 100) Class I automatic wet ormanual wet standpipes shall be provided where any portion of the buildings interior area is morethan 200 ft of travel , vertically and horizontally, from the nearest point of fire department vehicleaccess.

Exceptions:

1. Buildings equipped throughout with an automatic sprinklersystem in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1

NFPA-13 !

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Pedestal Buildings




Section 901 Supervisory Service

901.6.1 Automatic sprinkler systems. Automatic sprinklersystems shall be monitored by an approved supervising station

901.6.2 Fire alarm systems. Fire alarm systems requiredby the provisions of Section 907.2 of this code and Sections907.2 and 907.3 of the International Fire Code shall bemonitored by an approved supervising station in accordancewith Section 907.6.5


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Pedestal Buildings




Section 907 Fire Alarm Systems

[F] 907.2.9 Group R-2. Fire alarm systems and smokealarms shall be installed in Group R-2 occupancies asrequired in Sections 907.2.9.1 and 907.9.2.

[F] 907.2.9.1 Manual fire alarm system. A manual fire alarm system that activates the occupant notification systemin accordance with Section 907.5 shall be installed in Group R-2 occupancies where:

1. Any dwelling unit or sleeping unit is located three or more stories above the lowest level of exit discharge;2. Any dwelling unit or sleeping unit is located more than one story below the highest level of exit dischargeof exits serving the dwelling unit or sleeping unit; or3. The building contains more than 16 dwelling units or sleeping units.

Exception: 2. Manual fire alarm boxes are not required where the building is equipped throughout with an automaticsprinkler system installed in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 and the occupant notification applianceswill automatically activate throughout the notification zones upon a sprinkler waterflow.

[F] 907.2.9.2 Smoke alarms. Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms shall be installed in accordance withSection 907.2.11.

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Pedestal Buildings


The additional configurations in Section 509………………

Each stipulates specific conditions for the building configurations listed that modify or exempt therequirements of Section 503.

509.3 Group S-2 enclosed parking garage with Group S-2 open parking garage above.

509.4 Parking beneath Group R.

509.5 Group R-1 and R-2 buildings of Type IIIA construction.

509.6 Group R-1 and R-2 buildings of Type IIA construction.

509.7 Open parking garage beneath Groups A, I, B, M and R.

509.8 Group B or M with Group S-2 open parking garage.

509.9 Multiple buildings above Group S-2 parking garages.


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Pedestal Buildings


What's possible………………………Multiple Buildings above the pedestal

Type 1A Pedestal – Unlimited Area – Max 1 Story – NFPA-13 Suppressed

Type VBResidentialNFPA-13RSuppressed

If a firewall isneeded it ispermitted toterminate at thepedestal


A building shall be considered as separate and distinctbuildings for the purpose of determining;

• continuity of firewalls,

John Drucker ©

Pedestal Buildings


Thanks for Attending

John DruckerFire Protection Subcode OfficialBuilding/Fire/Electrical InspectorBorough of Red Bank, NJ

[email protected]

[email protected]

Disclaimer – The information contained in this program has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. However noguarantee expressed or implied is made as to its accuracy. This program is not a substitute for any codes, standards, regulations,interpretations, directives, and/or other guidance including professional legal services. As such it is the Authority of Jurisdiction’s(AHJ) sole responsibility as to the applicability and or approval of any such designs, engineering, systems, components, methods &materials.

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