Nitrogen-Based Alternative Fuel Alternative Fuel Genís Guillem, Yamit Pisman, Kadya Wittenberg...
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Nitrogen - Based Alternative Fuel Genís Guillem, Yamit Pisman, Kadya Wittenberg Advisors: Alon Grinberg Dana, Lea Winter The current global energy and environmental crisis has demonstrated that the carbon-based energy paradigm is unsustainable. Our society requires a continuous power supply, but major renewable sources are intermittent. In order to provide a viable alternative, renewable energy must be stored to make it transferable over space and time 1 . The most convenient storage method is via fuels. We investigate a nitrogen-based alternative fuel, given the abundance of nitrogen in the atmosphere. The proposed fuel consists of an aqueous solution of Urea and Ammonium Nitrate (UAN) 2 . Our objective is to determine the effect of pressure on the product composition and thermal profile of the fuel. • 400μl of UAN (15% urea, 60% ammonium nitrate and 25% water) • Combustion took place in the minibatch reactor, (Figure 1) • Data was analyzed by Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Gas Chromatography (GC) We would like to thank Alon Grinberg Dana and Lea Winter for their guidance, and Prof. Gideon S. Grader for hosting us in his lab. We are also very grateful to Mr. Ed Satell and the Grand Technion Energy Program for facilities and support. Thank you to CiMs+CELLEX Scholarship, the Gilbert Foundation, and the Michael and Morven Heller Charitable Foundation, for their generous donations. [1] J. A. Turner,Science, 1999, 285, 687 ;[2] A. Grinberg Dana, G. E. Shter and G. S. Grader,RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 10051 Figure 2 – Ignition Pressure vs. Ignition Temperature The data correlates to a polynomial fit. The graph of the boiling point of pure water at the corresponding pressures has been added. Ignition temperature increases with pressure. Temperature difference between water boiling and ignition decreases with increase in pressure. N 2 yield increases with pressure. N 2 yield decreases when two ignitions occur. 28% 37% 14% 74% 107% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 26 bar 106 bar N 2 Yield Figure 3 – N 2 Yield Yield is the percentage of actual moles of nitrogen relative to the amount of nitrogen produced in the ideal reaction. Ignition pressure is the system pressure just before ignition. Two ignitions observed Ignition pressure R² = 0.9311 R² = 0.919 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 20 70 120 Temperature (˚C) Ignition Pressure (bar) Figure 1
Transcript of Nitrogen-Based Alternative Fuel Alternative Fuel Genís Guillem, Yamit Pisman, Kadya Wittenberg...
Nitrogen-Based Alternative FuelGenís Guillem, Yamit Pisman, Kadya Wittenberg
Advisors: Alon Grinberg Dana, Lea Winter
The current global energy and environmental crisis has demonstrated thatthe carbon-based energy paradigm is unsustainable. Our society requires acontinuous power supply, but major renewable sources are intermittent. Inorder to provide a viable alternative, renewable energy must be stored tomake it transferable over space and time1. The most convenient storagemethod is via fuels. We investigate a nitrogen-based alternative fuel, giventhe abundance of nitrogen in the atmosphere. The proposed fuel consists ofan aqueous solution of Urea and Ammonium Nitrate (UAN)2.
Our objective is to determine the effect of pressure on the productcomposition and thermal profile of the fuel.
• 400µl of UAN (15% urea, 60% ammonium nitrate and 25% water)
• Combustion took place in the minibatch reactor, (Figure 1)
• Data was analyzed by Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Gas Chromatography (GC)
We would like to thank Alon Grinberg Dana and Lea Winter for their guidance, and Prof. Gideon S. Grader for hosting us in his lab. Weare also very grateful to Mr. Ed Satell and the Grand Technion Energy Program for facilities and support. Thank you to CiMs+CELLEXScholarship, the Gilbert Foundation, and the Michael and Morven Heller Charitable Foundation, for their generous donations.
[1] J. A. Turner,Science, 1999, 285, 687 ;[2] A. Grinberg Dana, G. E. Shter and G. S. Grader,RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 10051
Figure 2 – Ignition Pressure vs. Ignition TemperatureThe data correlates to a polynomial fit. The graph of the boilingpoint of pure water at the corresponding pressures has beenadded.
Ignition temperature increases with pressure.
Temperature difference between water boiling and ignition decreases with increase in pressure.
N2 yield increases with pressure.
N2 yield decreases when two ignitions occur.
28%
37%
14%
74%
107%
0%
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100%
26 bar 106 bar
N2
Yie
ld
Figure 3 – N2 YieldYield is the percentage of actual moles of nitrogen relative tothe amount of nitrogen produced in the ideal reaction.Ignition pressure is the system pressure just before ignition.
Two ignitions observed
Ignition pressure
R² = 0.9311
R² = 0.919
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20 70 120
Tem
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˚C)
Ignition Pressure (bar)
Figure 1
