nitric prills

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PRODUCTION OF AMMONIUM

NITRATE PRILLS

SUBMITTED BY:-Sumit Arora(0906851043)

SunnyKumar(0906851044) SuyashMisra (0906851046)


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AMMONIUM NITRATEThe chemical compound ammonium nitrate( NH 4NO 3) is awhite crystalline solid at room temperature and standardpressure.

It is commonly used in agriculture as a high-nitrogenfertilizer, and it has also been used as an oxidizing agent inexplosives, including improvised explosive devices.Ammonium nitrate is an important fertilizer with the NPK

designation 34-0-0 (34% nitrogen).Ammonium nitrate's advantage over urea is that it is morestable and does not lose nitrogen to the atmosphere. Duringwarm weather urea should only be applied before imminent

rain in order to minimize nitrogen loss.


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PROPERTIESChemical Formula (NH 4)(NO 3)Molar mass 80.052 g/molAppearance white solidDensity 1.725 g/cm 3 (20 C)Melting point 169.6 C

Boiling pointapprox. 210 Cdecomp.

Solubility in water

118 g/100 ml (0

C)150 g/100 ml (20 C)297 g/100 ml (40 C)410 g/100 ml (60 C)576 g/100 ml (80 C)1024 g/100 ml (100 C)

Structure Crystal structure trigonal

Explosive data Shock sensitivity very lowFriction sensitivity very lowExplosive velocity 5270 m/s


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CONSUMPTION PATTERN ANDEND USSES

END USES ARE: AS EXPLOSIVES

AS FERTIZISERS

AS MICS.CHEMICALS


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INDUSTRIES PRODUCINGNH 4NO 3

CSBP LIMITED

ALFA AESAR

JINAN HAOHUA INDUSTRY

HIAHANG INDUSTRY

WESFARMERS

BERNNTAG

UHDE


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INDIAS LEADING PRODUCER

OF AMMONIUM NITRATENithyasri Chemicals, Thane- It is a salt of ammonia and nitric acid that is used in tanning leather,antiperspirants, corrosion inhibitors, extraction of uranium,petroleum refining and as a nitrating agent

A. B. Enterprises, Mumbai .Peri Nitrates Pvt.Ltd., Pune -Porous PrilledAmmonium Nitrate is widely used in the manufacturing of

elemental explosives that are used in oil, mining, gas industry .Tradex Corporation, Ahmedabad .


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METHODS OFPRODUCTION

NEUTRALISATION OF NITRIC ACID ANDAMMONIAODDA PROCESS

STENGEL PROCESS


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PRODUCTION BYNEUTRALISATION OF NITRIC

ACID AND AMMONIAAmmonium Nitrate (NH 4NO 3; AN) is produced byneutralisation of ammonia and nitric acid.

The neutralisation reaction is highly exothermic andproceeds with high speed.

NH 3 (g) + HNO 3 (l) NH 4NO 3 (s) H = -146 kJ/mol

This considerable heat of reaction can be used for partial orcomplete evaporation of the water.

The heat will be utilised most efficiently if neutralisation iscarried out under pressure.

Depending on operating pressure and concentration of thenitric acid, solutions with a concentration upto 95-97%ammonium nitrate can be obtained without additional

energy required.


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PRODUCTION BY ODDAPROCESS

The nitrophosphate Process (also known as theOdda process) was a method for the industrialproduction of nitrogen fertilizers invented byErling Johnson in the city of Odda, Norwayaround 1927.Reaction involved-

Ca(NO 3)2 + 2 NH 3 + CO 2 + H 2O 2 NH 4NO 3 +

CaCO 3 Both products can be worked up together asstraight nitrogen fertilizer.


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PRODUCTION BY STENGELPROCESS

Ammonia vapor is preheated to 140-150 C in asingle stage heat exchanger while 60 % HNO 3 Is preheated first to 95 C in a stainless steel unitand then to 160 C in a tantalum unit avoid hightemperature HNO 3corrosion.The molten NH 4NO 3 and water vapor at 200 Care passed through the tangential entry of a

cyclone separator where air aids in removal of steam from the molten salt.


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The latter is removed at the bottom andsolidified on a water-cooled stainless steelbelt.The solids are crushed, ground to flake sizeand screened.Oversize is reground and fines aredissolved and returned to HNO 3 pre-heaterstream.


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RAW MATERIALS

57-60% HNO 3 from oxidation-absorptiontower.Liquid NH 3

Clay, for coating on end product to avoidexplosions.Basis: 1 ton of Ammonium Nitrate(98%yield)

Ammonia: 0.22 ton60 % HNO 3Plant Capacity: 100-500 tons/day


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FLOW DIAGRAM


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FLOW DIAGRAM OF AMMONIUM NITRATE MELT


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FLOW DIAGRAM OFPRODUCTION OF PRILLS


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DESCRIPTION OFPROCESS

There are four essential steps to ammonium nitrate(AN) manufacture:Neutralization of nitric acid with ammonia toproduce a concentrated solution of Ammoniumnitrate;Evaporation of water from the solution to give asuitably high concentration of solution forsolidification;Prilling and drying or granulation producingammonium nitrate in a solid form; andScreening, cooling and coating to give thecommercial product.


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NEUTRALIZATION

In the neutralization process, ammoniumnitrate solution (ANS) is produced by theinstantaneous, exothermic reaction

between nitric acid and gaseous ammoniain a well mixed reactor at a controlledtemperature.The neutralizer is a loop reactor andoperates at a working pressure of about4.5 bar and a working temperature of approx. 180 C.


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EVAPORATION

The evaporation process involvespumping the ANS to a falling filmevaporator which uses steam to evaporate

some of the water in the solution andconcentrate the ANS to around 95% w/w.Vacuum evaporator step, the concentration

of the NH 4NO 3-solution is increased toabout 98.5 % using high-pressure steam.


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PRILLING AND GRANULATIONPROCESS

Prilling and granulation are the most commonprocesses used to produce solid ammoniumnitrate. To produce prills, concentrated melt issprayed into the top of a prill tower.In the tower, ammonium nitrate droplets fallcountercurrent to a rising air stream that coolsand solidifies the falling droplets into spherical

prills.Prill density can be varied by using differentconcentrations of ammonium nitrate melt. Lowdensity prills, in the range of 1.29 specificgravity, are formed from a 95 to 97.5 percent


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ammonium nitrate melt, and high density prills,in the range of 1.65 specific gravity, are formed

from a 99.5 to 99.8 percent melt.Low density prills are more porous than highdensity prills. Therefore, low density prills areused for making blasting agents because theywill absorb oil.Most high density prills are used as fertilizers.


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SCREENING, COOLING ANDCOATING TO GIVE THE

COMMERCIAL PRODUCT The prills / granules are subsequently screened to removeover and under-size material. The over and under-sizematerial is then recycled through the process.The AN Prills / granules are then cooled using a bulk flowcooler or fluidised bed cooler. The cooled prills / granules are then coated with a coatingagent in a Coating Drum to improve handling characteristics .Following coating, the prills / granules are conveyed either toa Bulk Store or direct to bag or container filling. The prillsfrom the Bulk Store are re-screened on vibrating screens toremove fines and lumps before loading into bags from 25kgup to 1.2 tonne, 20 tonne containers or bulk load out intotruck.


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MAJOR ENGINEERING

PROBLEMS COROSSION-Carbon steel can only be used in the NH 3storage and feed system. Up to about120 C, extra-low carbon (ELC)stainlesssteel is used for aqueous or 100 % HNO 3.In the Stengel process, where it is

necessary to preheat 60% HNO 3 to 170 C,expensive titanium metal is needed forthis heat exchanger.


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SAFETY-The extreme reactivity of NH 4NO 3 with

combustible materials and its sensitivity toexplosive decomposition requires safetyprecautions different from most in organicprocessing . Any air used in drying mustbe free oil and other combustibles.The Stengel process has the greatestinherent safety in its design since theequipment is designed for short residencetimes and low hold-up.


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CONDITIONED AIR REQUIREMENTS-Both NH 4NO 3 and nitrolime are

hygroscopic so that humidity andtemperature requirements of the air in thematerial handling area are critical.


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nitric prills

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