NIS Linkages :A Policy NIS Linkages :A Policy PerspectivePerspective

Presentation byPresentation by

NIRAJ KUMARNIRAJ KUMARNational Project Head (IMTT)National Project Head (IMTT)

Centre for International Trade in TechnologyCentre for International Trade in TechnologyIndian Institute of Foreign Trade ,New DelhiIndian Institute of Foreign Trade ,New Delhi

(Ministry of Commerce, GOVT OF INDIA)(Ministry of Commerce, GOVT OF INDIA)

NIS OverviewNIS OverviewNIS past trendsNIS past trendsNIS developmentsNIS developmentsNIS modelsNIS modelsNIC Index-cross countryNIC Index-cross countryLinkages sub index-cross countryLinkages sub index-cross countryNIC index and sub index-INDIANIC index and sub index-INDIAActors and Linkages in NISActors and Linkages in NIS

NIS-past trendsNIS-past trendsFreeman(1987)Freeman(1987)Dosi et al (1988)Dosi et al (1988)Lundvall(1992)Lundvall(1992)Nelson(1993)Nelson(1993)Ohmae(1995)Ohmae(1995)Edquist(1997)Edquist(1997)Malerba(1997)Malerba(1997)Braczyk et al(1998)Braczyk et al(1998)Porter(1998)Porter(1998)Porter and Stern(2002)Porter and Stern(2002)

NIS-developmentsNIS-developmentsOhmae(1995)-concept of regional Ohmae(1995)-concept of regional innovation systemsinnovation systemsMalerba(1997)-sectoral innovation Malerba(1997)-sectoral innovation systemssystemsPorter(1998)-concept of industrial Porter(1998)-concept of industrial clustersclusters

NIS-modelsNIS-modelsLiu and White(2001)-conceptual framework built on 5 different Liu and White(2001)-conceptual framework built on 5 different activities of innovation process.activities of innovation process.

Research,production,enduse,linkage and education.Research,production,enduse,linkage and education.Chang and Shih(2003)-model made up of 6 elements.Chang and Shih(2003)-model made up of 6 elements.

R&D expenditure,R&D performance, Technology policy, human R&D expenditure,R&D performance, Technology policy, human capital development, technologycapital development, technology

transfer,entrepreneurial climate.transfer,entrepreneurial climate.

Furman et al(2002)-concept of NICFurman et al(2002)-concept of NIC

Porter and Stern(2002)-development of NIC Index based on 4 sub Porter and Stern(2002)-development of NIC Index based on 4 sub indexes namely-innovation policy, cluster innovation, proportion of indexes namely-innovation policy, cluster innovation, proportion of scientists and engineers & linkages.scientists and engineers & linkages.

NIC Index-cross countryNIC Index-cross countryCountry Rank IndexCountry Rank IndexUS 1 30.3US 1 30.3Germany 3 27.2Germany 3 27.2UK 4 27.0UK 4 27.0Japan 12 26.4Japan 12 26.4Singapore 13 26.0Singapore 13 26.0Taiwan 14 26.0Taiwan 14 26.0Korea 23 22.9Korea 23 22.9India 38 18.9India 38 18.9China 43 18.1China 43 18.1Thailand 46 17.4Thailand 46 17.4Malaysia 52 16.8Malaysia 52 16.8

Linkages sub Index-cross countryLinkages sub Index-cross countryCountry Rank sub IndexCountry Rank sub IndexUS 1 7.1US 1 7.1Germany 10 6.1Germany 10 6.1UK 9 6.3UK 9 6.3Japan 21 5.4Japan 21 5.4Singapore 15 5.8Singapore 15 5.8Taiwan 17 5.6Taiwan 17 5.6Korea 24 5.1Korea 24 5.1India 23 5.2India 23 5.2China 41 4.3China 41 4.3Thailand 49 4.1Thailand 49 4.1Malaysia 46 4.2Malaysia 46 4.2

NIC Index and sub index-INDIANIC Index and sub index-INDIANIC Index 18.9(rank-38)NIC Index 18.9(rank-38)Innovation policy 4.8(rank-39)Innovation policy 4.8(rank-39)Scientists/engineers 1.2(rank-59)Scientists/engineers 1.2(rank-59)Cluster innovation 7.8(rank-31)Cluster innovation 7.8(rank-31)Linkages 5.2(rank-23) Linkages 5.2(rank-23)

Actors in NISActors in NISGovernmentsGovernments (local,regional,national,international)-setting (local,regional,national,international)-setting policy directionspolicy directionsBridging institutions-Bridging institutions-intermediaries between intermediaries between governments and research performers.governments and research performers.Private enterprisesPrivate enterprises & research institutes they & research institutes they financefinanceUniversities and institutions-Universities and institutions-provide key provide key knowledge and skills.knowledge and skills.Other public and private organizationsOther public and private organizations(labs,TTOs,patent offices etc.)(labs,TTOs,patent offices etc.)

NIS Linkages: Policy FormulationNIS Linkages: Policy FormulationObjective1Objective1-foster scientific research in Universities and -foster scientific research in Universities and scientific institutions.scientific institutions.

Objective2Objective2-promote interaction between private and -promote interaction between private and public institutions.public institutions.

Objective3Objective3-Leverage technologies such as IT, -Leverage technologies such as IT, Biotechnology etc. Biotechnology etc.

Objective4Objective4-strengthen enabling mechanisms relating to -strengthen enabling mechanisms relating to technology development and absorption.technology development and absorption.

Objective5Objective5-promote international S&T cooperation. -promote international S&T cooperation.

NIS linkages: StrategyNIS linkages: StrategyStrategy1(Policyobjective1)Strategy1(Policyobjective1)-estb of research institute, -estb of research institute, Setting up world class R&D centers.Setting up world class R&D centers.

Strategy2(Policyobjective2)Strategy2(Policyobjective2)-synergy between industry -synergy between industry &scientific research, increased R&D investments by &scientific research, increased R&D investments by industry.industry.

Strategy3(Policyobjective3)Strategy3(Policyobjective3)-capacity buiding,global -capacity buiding,global competitiveness.competitiveness.

Strategy4(Policyobjective4)Strategy4(Policyobjective4)-Technology transfer and -Technology transfer and diffusion.diffusion.

Strategy5(Policyobjective5)Strategy5(Policyobjective5)-MOUs,collaboration,foreign -MOUs,collaboration,foreign R&D centers.R&D centers.

Policy impact:sectoral viewPolicy impact:sectoral view(Biotechnology)(Biotechnology)

R&D InstitutionsR&D InstitutionsPublic-private partnershipPublic-private partnershipTechnology TransferTechnology TransferApplicationsApplicationsS&T CooperationS&T CooperationForeign R&D CentresForeign R&D Centres

R&D InstitutionsR&D InstitutionsCCMB DNA based researchCCMB DNA based researchIMTECH Microbial BioprocessingIMTECH Microbial BioprocessingNII Immunology researchNII Immunology researchNCBC Molecular BiologyNCBC Molecular BiologyCBT Bioinformatics & GenomicsCBT Bioinformatics & GenomicsPGC/CHG Genome researchPGC/CHG Genome researchNBRC Brain researchNBRC Brain research

Public-Private partnershipPublic-Private partnershipMonsanto Research (R&D Center) @ IISc Monsanto Research (R&D Center) @ IISc Bangalore (plant genomics)Bangalore (plant genomics)GENOMED(JV between CBT & Nicholas GENOMED(JV between CBT & Nicholas Piramal) [pharmaco -genomics]Piramal) [pharmaco -genomics]Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (Govt of Karnataka & ICICI)Biotechnology (Govt of Karnataka & ICICI)Biotech Consortium India Ltd.Biotech Consortium India Ltd.TATA-CSIR Initiative for Bio Suite.TATA-CSIR Initiative for Bio Suite.

Technology TransferTechnology TransferImmunodiagnosticsImmunodiagnosticsCrop BiotechnologyCrop BiotechnologyAnimal BiotechnologyAnimal BiotechnologyBiomassBiomassBiofertilizersBiofertilizersIndustrial BiotechIndustrial Biotech

ApplicationsApplications(consumption of biotech products)(consumption of biotech products)Human/Animal healthcare productsHuman/Animal healthcare products

Agricultural productsAgricultural products

Industrial productsIndustrial products

Other Biotech productsOther Biotech products

S&T CooperationS&T CooperationMOUs(Germany,Switzerland,USA,UK,MOUs(Germany,Switzerland,USA,UK,Sweden).Sweden).

Coordinating G15 Nations in Coordinating G15 Nations in establishment of Gene Banks. establishment of Gene Banks. (medicinal and aromatic plants) (medicinal and aromatic plants)

More than 15 foreign R&D Centers.More than 15 foreign R&D Centers.

Foreign R&D CentersForeign R&D CentersAstrazenecaAstrazeneca,b’lore -dev of prescription medicines (cancer, ,b’lore -dev of prescription medicines (cancer, neuroscience, cardiovascular, respiratory &inflammation)neuroscience, cardiovascular, respiratory &inflammation)

GangagenGangagen Biotechnologies , b’lore-prevention & treatment of Biotechnologies , b’lore-prevention & treatment of bacterial functionsbacterial functions

NovartisNovartis, Mumbai (Human vaccines), Mumbai (Human vaccines) Novo NordiskNovo Nordisk, b’lore (Diabetes care), b’lore (Diabetes care)

R&D MilliporeR&D Millipore, b’lore (protein/DNA research), b’lore (protein/DNA research)

IntervetIntervet India,pune (animal health products) India,pune (animal health products)……………………………………………………..and many more...and many more.

Policy Impact:sectoral viewPolicy Impact:sectoral view(Nanotechnology)(Nanotechnology)

R&D InstitutionsR&D Institutions

Public-private partnershipPublic-private partnership

Industry R&DIndustry R&D

ApplicationsApplications

S&T CooperationS&T Cooperation

R&D InstitutionsR&D InstitutionsNanoparticles IISc/IIT-K/NCL/TIFRNanoparticles IISc/IIT-K/NCL/TIFRCarbon nanotubes JNCASR/NPL/NCLCarbon nanotubes JNCASR/NPL/NCLDNA Biochips IIT-B/CSIODNA Biochips IIT-B/CSIONanocomposites IISc/IIT-M/IIT-RNanocomposites IISc/IIT-M/IIT-RMEMS SSPLMEMS SSPLSurface Engg SINPSurface Engg SINPMolecular imprints IICTMolecular imprints IICT

Public-Private PartnershipPublic-Private PartnershipMEMS RESEARCH LABMEMS RESEARCH LAB

Collaboration betweenCollaboration betweenCranes software International Limited Cranes software International Limited

& IISc Bangalore& IISc Bangalore

Industry R&DIndustry R&DBiomix Network Limited, MumbaiBiomix Network Limited, Mumbai

(Developing biotechnology tools)(Developing biotechnology tools)

Velbionanotech,MumbaiVelbionanotech,Mumbai (Bionanotechnology products)(Bionanotechnology products)

Nano Tex LLc -dev centre in India.Nano Tex LLc -dev centre in India.

ApplicationsApplicationsDabur and Shantha BiotechDabur and Shantha Biotech

(Using drug delivery applications on (Using drug delivery applications on commercial scale).commercial scale).Raymonds and Grasim Raymonds and Grasim

(Using nano –chemicals).(Using nano –chemicals).Samsung and LG Samsung and LG

(using nano-coating).(using nano-coating).

S&T CooperationS&T CooperationUS based Nano- tex planning an R&D US based Nano- tex planning an R&D center in India.center in India.

Ranbaxy has already signed a deal Ranbaxy has already signed a deal with Bayer.with Bayer.

Innovation tomorrow: Policy Innovation tomorrow: Policy ImplicationsImplications

33rdrd generation innovation policy generation innovation policy

Technological capability development Technological capability development routeroute

Technological learning processesTechnological learning processes

Capacity Building in IMTT: An IIFT initiativeCapacity Building in IMTT: An IIFT initiative

33rdrd generation policy generation policyCore emphasis on innovation across.Core emphasis on innovation across.Placing innovation at the heart of Placing innovation at the heart of policy areas shaping innovation policy areas shaping innovation performance.performance.Developing interfaces that allow for Developing interfaces that allow for pooling of knowledge.pooling of knowledge.Developing interfaces that allow for Developing interfaces that allow for Experience learning.Experience learning.Coordination of policy initiatives.Coordination of policy initiatives.

Technological capability Technological capability development routesdevelopment routes

Reverse Value ChainReverse Value Chain

Reverse PLCReverse PLC

Process SpecialistProcess Specialist

Product pioneeringProduct pioneering

Application pioneeringApplication pioneering

Technological learning processesTechnological learning processesReverse value chain-Reverse value chain-learning by doing, learning by doing, learning by transacting,R&D.learning by transacting,R&D.Reverse PLC-Reverse PLC-learning by doing, reverse learning by doing, reverse engineering, imitative R&D.engineering, imitative R&D.Process specialist-Process specialist-learning by doing, learning by doing, learning by transacting,R&D.learning by transacting,R&D.Product pioneering-Product pioneering- R&D,market R&D,market research.research.Application pioneering-Application pioneering-Technology Technology scanning, Integration with Domain scanning, Integration with Domain Knowledge.Knowledge.

Capacity Building in IMTTCapacity Building in IMTTAn IIFT initiativeAn IIFT initiative

Developing masters program in innovation Developing masters program in innovation management and technology transfer.management and technology transfer.

4 partners-UCE,UK; DMU, China; IEH, Poland; IIFT, 4 partners-UCE,UK; DMU, China; IEH, Poland; IIFT, India.India.

Knowledge dissemination through workshops, Knowledge dissemination through workshops, training sessions, forums.training sessions, forums.

Beneficiaries shall include Beneficiaries shall include knowledge workers from academia, R&D, SMEs, knowledge workers from academia, R&D, SMEs,

industry, policymakers.industry, policymakers.

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

THANK YOUTHANK YOU