Nikopol City Profile

7/27/2019 Nikopol City Profile

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JKMAVACH@OAITEVBKG @GAJAOKG NKWGEC

GKX[ VTANKC@


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Y`cgao`!

Kt ks wktb irèt prkh` ejh setksnegtkaj tbet w` pr`s`jt tbks

prankc` an Jkmapac Gkty.

Xb` prankc` wes grèt`h tbrauib e lakjt `nnart kjvacvkji

Jkmapac gkty gaujgkc, gkty h`perto`jt annkgkecs, ejh atb`r

stem`bach`rs, ecaji wktb aur Gejehkej ejh Pmrekjkej

gaccèiu`s nrao tb` @D@H pral`gt.

Jkmapac ks tb` pèrc an tb` Hjkprap`travsm rìkaj. Kt bes

e rkgb bkstary tbet kjgcuh`s d`kji tb` g`jtr` an nkv` an tb`

irèt eutajaoaus `jgeopo`jts tbet w`r` mjawj es tb`

\eparazbkej Wkgbs. Xahey, Jkmapac ks ej kjhustrkec g`jtr`

aj tb` Hjk`p`rtb` rkv`r tbet ks et tb` bèrt an tb` gktys

gurr`jt ejh nutur` gajaokg str`jitb.

Xbks haguo`jt r`nc`gts tb` egtkvktk`s an aur gkty, aur egbk`vò`jts, ejh aur prasp`gts. Oelar kjhkgetars an

tb` sagka-`gajaokg h`v`capo`jt an tb` gkty bev` d``j essòdc`h b`r`. Xb`y oem` kt passkdc` ta stuhy

ejh ejecyz` m`y negtars r`cet`h ta tb` gktys `gajaokg irawtb ejh ta kh`jtkny aur str`jitbs ejh gaop`tktkv`

ehvejtei`s kj e systòkg oejj`r wktb tb` iaec an kopravkji tb` ckvkji stejherhs an v`ry r`skh`jt an aur gkty

ejh `jsurkji tbet `v`ry vksktar `jlays bks ar b`r tko` b`r`.

Aur nutur` ks drkibt. Jkmapac ks ap`j ta kjv`sto`jt. Y` er` prauh an tb` dèuty an aur gkty ejh kts surraujhkjis.

Y` strkv` ta pr`s`rv` aur kh`jtkty, aur ehv`jturaus spkrkt, ejh ecc tb` tbkjis tbet oem` Jkmapac ej eppèckji

pceg` ta ckv` ar vkskt.

Xb` prankc` pr`s`jt`h b`r` wkcc s`rv` es e r`n`r`jg` pakjt nar tb` grètkaj ejh kopcò`jtetkaj an kjjavetkv`

praireoo`s ejh h`v`capo`jt pral`gts kj aur gkty.

K wksb ta `xpr`ss oy iretktuh` ta aur Gejehkej ejh Pmrekjkej gaccèiu`s kj tb` @D@H pral`gt, tb` Gejehkej

Kjt`rjetkajec H`v`capo`jt Ei`jgy (wbkgb ks nujhkji tb` pral`gt), ejh ta tb` stet` ejh oujkgkpec eutbarktk`s

ejh Jkmapac gkty gaujgkc oòd`rs wba warm`h wktb us kj h`v`capkji tb` Jkmapac Gkty Vrankc`.

Wkjg`r`cy yaurs,

Tuscej Kvejavygb Xamer

Jkmapac Gkty Oeyar


3/43

Jkmapac Gkty Vrastc`< Hòairepbkg, @gajaokg, Nksgec.

Xbks haguo`jt wes pr`per`h wktbkj tb` nreo`warm an tb` Kjt`rjeajec X`gbjkgec Esskstejg` Vral`gt Dukchkji

Gepegkty kj @vkh`jg`-Des`h @gajaokg H`v`capo`jt Vcejjkji kj Pmrekjkej Adcests ejh Oujkgkpeck

`s (@D@HVral`gt).

Vral`gt Hkr`gtar< Veuc Herdy

Eutbars< Dr`jhe Cefflùr (D`jgboermkji @xp`rt)

Las`pb Bekoawktz (@gajaokg @xp`rt)

Oeb`w Wt`wert (Nksgec @xp`rt)

Jetecke Mbahma (Gajsuctejt aj Wtesgec Ejecysks)

Ac`msejhr \bacuh (Gajsuctejt aj @gajaokg Ejecysks)

Acie Taoejyum (W`jkar Duhi`t ejh I`jh`r Gajsuctejt)Wb`kce Tea (D`jgboermkji @xp`rt, Nksgec Nar`gesji @xp`rt)

Wp`gkec tbejms ta Tuscej Xamer, Oeyar an tb` Gkty an Jkmapac, ta tb` stet` ejh oujkgkpec eutbark`s

ejh Jkmapac gkty gaujgkc oòd`rs, oekj stesgs ag` kj Hjkprap`travsm Adcest, tb` stesgs ag`

kj Jkmapac, Jkmapacs gkty òpcayo`jt g`jt`r, ejh ta Ejzb`ce Dcyzjyum, @D@H Cagec Gaarhkjetar kj

Jkmapac nar esskstejg` ejh suppart kj pr`pereaj an tb` Jkmapac Gkty Vrastc`.

@hktars< Dr`jhe Cefflùr

Kryje ^`rjascave

Las`pb Bekoawktz

Oexko Darahe

Jetecke Mbahma

H`skij< [eje Mapycave

Ecc tb` pbatas us`h kj tbks haguo`jt w`r` tem`j kj Jkmapac ejh pravkh`h dy gkty gaujgkc.

Xb` @D@H pral`gts oekj iaec ks ta `jsur` tb` sustekjedc` `gajaokg h`v`capo`jt an tb` Pmrekjkej adcests ejh gk`s

tbrauib dukchkji tb` gepegkty an adcest ejh gkty agkecs ta eppcy quejtev` ejecysks ejh nar`gesji taacs ta koprav`

tb` `gajaokg h`v`capo`jt pcejjkji an tb`kr t`rrktark`s (www.`d`h.ari.ue).

Xb` @D@H pral`gt ks kopcò`jt`h dy Xb` Gajn`r`jg` Daerh an Gejehe (www.gajn`r`jg`daerh.ge) ejh stjejg`h dy tb`

Iav`rjo`jt an Gejehe tbrauib tb` Gejehkej Kjt`rjeajec H`v`capo`jt Ei`jgy (www.eghk-gkhe.ig.ge). Xb` apkjkajs

`xpr`ss`h kj tbks haguo`jt er` an tb` eutbars ajcy ejh ha jat r`ffl`gt tb` agkec paskaj an tb` Iav`rjo`jt an Gejehe

ejh tb` Gejehkej Kjt`rjeajec H`v`capo`jt Ei`jgy.

4654 @D@H pral`gt


4/43

Jkmapac - Hòairepbkg, @gajaokg, Nksgec

0

XEDC@ AN GAJX@JXWKJXTAHPGXKAJ ........................................................................................................................................................>

Av`rvk`w ......................................................... ............................................................ ................................................. >

Ehokjkstrev` ejh X rrktarkec Hkvkskaj................................................................................................... ...................... >

Cagec W`cn-Iav`rjejg`................................................................................................ ............................. ..................... 9

Bkstarkgec degmiraujh .......................................................... .............................................. .......................................... 9

Iàirepbkg Cageaj ........................................................... ................................................................ ......................... 2

Gckoet` ........................................................ .............................................................. ................................................... 2

Okj`rec T`saurg`s ............................................................... ............................................. ........................................... 2

Wagkec ejh @gajaokg Av`rvk`w ........................................................ ......................................... ................................... ;

GBEVX@T 4. H@OAITEVBKG VTANKC@ ...................................................................................................................... 56

Av`rvk`w ......................................................... ............................................................ ............................................... 56

Av`recc Vapuceaj Hyjeokgs ............................................................... ................................................... ................... 56

Gbeji` kj tb` Jeturec Vapuceaj ......................................................... ................................................................ 55J`t Okireaj ....................................................... ................................................................ ................... ............. 54

Wuooery an Jeturec Vapuceaj Gbeji` ejh J`t Okireaj ...................................................... .......................... 58

Vapuceaj Hkstrkduaj dy Ei` ejh W`x .......................................................... .................................................. ......... 58

H`p`jh`jgy Tea ................................................................ ............................................................ .......................... 50

Kjhkgetars an Jkmapacs Hòairepbkg Wktueaj .......................................................... ................................................ 59

GBEVX@T 7. @GAJAOKG VTANKC@ ............................................................................................................................ 52

Av`rvk`w ......................................................... ............................................................ ............................................... 52

@gajaokg Wtrugtur` .............................................................. ............................................. ......................................... 52

Wec`s an Iaahs ejh W rvkg`s ................................................................................................. ................................ 52

@opcayo`jt .......................................................... ........................................................ ....................................... 5;

Pjòpcayo`jt ............................................................... ................................................. ..................................... 46Wkz` Hkstrkduaj an @opcay`rs ...................................................... ........................................................ ................ 45

M`y @jt`rprks`s kj Jkmapac ....................................... .......................................................... .................................. 44

Kjnrestrugtur` H`v`capo`jt ............................................................ ....................................... ................................... 44

T`skh`jec Gajstrugaj W`gtar ............................................................. ....................................................... ........ 44

Xrejspart ...................................................... ............................................................. ........................................... 47

Gajsuopaj Egvkty ......................................................... ................................................................ ........................ 47

W`rvkg`s W`gtar ............................................................ .................................................. ............................................. 48

Kjv`sto`jt ......................................................... .......................................................... .............................................. 40

Nkx`h Gepktec Kjv`sto`jt..................................................................................................... .................................. 40

Hkr`gt Nar`kij Kjv`sto`jt ............................................................. ...................................... ................................. 40

Kjt`rjeajec @xparts ejh Koparts ...................................................... ............................................... ........................ 4>

@xparts ............................................................ ......................................................... ............................................. 4>

Koparts .......................................................... ........................................................... ............................................ 4>Yei`s ........................................................ ............................................................... ...................... ........................... 4>

Gajgcuskajs ........................................................... ....................................................... .............................................. 4;

Kjhkgetars an Jkmapacs @gajaokg V`rnaroejg` ................................................................................. ........................ 76

GBEVX@T 8. NKWGEC VTANKC@ .................................................................................................................................... 75

Av`rvk`w ......................................................... ............................................................ ............................................... 75

Duhi`t Wurpcus/H`stgkt ....................................................... ................................................................ .................... .... 75

T`v`ju`s ............................................................. ........................................................ ............................................... 74

Wp`gkec Nujh ......................................................... ........................................................ .............................................. 70

Duhi`t nar H`v`capo`jt ........................................................ ............................................... .................................... 7>

Oahkstedc` T`v`ju`s ......................................................... ....................................................... ................................. 79

@xp`jhktur`s ....................................................... .......................................................... ............................................. 79Kjhkgetars an Jkmapacs Nksgec Bèctb ........................................................................................ .................................. 86


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Gbept`r 5

Naujheaj an tb` gkty 5>7;

Gkty stetus adtekj`h 5;4>

T`skh`jt papuceaj 547,272*

Vapuceaj h`jskty 4,87> pàpc` p`r sq. mo*

Gktys sber` kj tb` adcests papuceaj 7.94%*

Erè 06 sq. mo

M`y kjhustrk`s o`teccuriy

Ev`rei` ejjuec tòp`retur` +;.4

EHOKJKWXTEXK^@ EJH X@TTKXATKECHK^KWKAJ

Xb` gkty ks jat hkvkh`h kjta ehokjkstrev` hkstrkgts. Xb` lurkshkgaj an Jkmapac Gkty Gaujgkc ha`s jat kjgcuh` ejy tawjs ar

vkccei`s d`skh`s tb` Gkty an Jkmapac kts`cn.

KJXTAHPGXKAJ

A^@T^K@Y

*Hete es an Lejuery 5, 4655.


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CAGEC W@CN-IA^@TJEJG@Xb` systò an cagec s`cn-iav`rjo`jt kjgcuh`s tb` oeyar, gkty gaujgkc, `x`guv` gaook``, ejh atb`r `x`guv` dahk`s

an tb` gkty gaujgkc.

Xb` Jkmapac Gkty Gaujgkc gaoprks`s >6 oòd`rs wba warm kj jkj` p`roej`jt gaooksskajs. Xb` `x`guv` gaook``

an tb` Jkmapac Gkty Gaujgkc kjgcuh`s jkj` oòd`rs. Xb` `x`guv` dahk`s an tb` gkty gaujgkc òpcay 5;7 stestoòd`rs(es an W`ptòd`r 5, 4655).

BKWXATKGEC DEGMITAPJHJkmapac ks aj` an ach`st ejh oast neoaus gk`s an Hjkprap`travsm Adcest. Xb` strst r`garh an tb` erè wb`r` oah`rj

Jkmapac ks sktuet`h (Oymytyj Tkb ejh Cyse Bare) het`s degm ta 50;8. Kj 5>7;, Gassegms dukct \eparkzme Wkgb kj Oymytyj

Tkb ejh kt ks d`ck`v`h ta d` tb` naujheaj het` an tb` gkty.

Kj Lejuery 5>82 e r`d`c Gassegm ujkt cèh dy Dabhej Mbo`cjytsmyk ckd`ret`h Oymytyjsme Wkgb nrao Vacksb aggupeaj ejh

oeh` kt tb` g`jtr` an tb` Ckd`reaj Yer an Pmrekjkej pàpc` eiekjst Tz`gzpaspackte. Kj Eprkc 5>82, Dabhej Mbo`cjytsmyk

wes `c`gt`h e b`toej dy tb` Gassegm gaujgkc et Wkgb ejh adtekj`h tb` rìecke an tb` Gassegm eroy.

Et tb` `jh an tb` 59tb ejh dìkjjkji an tb` 52tb g`jtury, tb` Oymytyj V`r`vkz s`cò`jt wes naujh`h des`h aj

Oymytyjsme Wkgb. Xb`r` wes e ierrksaj, e gustaos ag`, e past ag`, tb` Vrat`gaj an tb` Bacy ^krikj Gburgb, ejh ep-

praxkoet`cy 86 Gassegm baus`bachs.

Kj 5990, wb`j tb` Wkgb wes h`stray`h ejh tb` Gassegm oavò`jt wes `ckokjet`h, Oymytyj V`r`vkz d`geo` pert an

Javarasskysmeye iud`rjkye (pravkjg` kj Tusskej @opkr`).Kj 5926 tb` gktywes r`jeo`h Jkmapac ejh tb`r` w`r` pcejs

ta dukch e nartr`ss tb`r`.

Xb` nartr`ss wes jat dukct, baw`v`r, ejh Jkmapac wes kjtìret`h kjta Met`ryjascevsmyk pavkt (hkstrkgt) an tb` pravkjg` wktb

tb` seo` jeo` es e sup`rjuo`rery tawj.

D`tw``j tb` `jh an tb` 59tb g`jtury ejh tb` dìkjjkji an tb` 5;tb g`jtury, Jkmapac h`v`cap`h es e treh` ejh gre s

s`cò`jt. Kj tb` s`gajh becn an tb` 5;tb g`jtury, tb` strst kjhustrkec `jt`rprks`s eppèr`h kj tb` tawj. Kj 52;9, tb`

tawjs papuceaj règb`h 2,566 pàpc`. Oejiej`s` okjkji, wbkgb wes stert`h kj 522> kj tb` erè an tb` Wacaje rkv`r,

ejh tb` ceujgbkji an tb` Mryvyk TkbJkmapacAc`msejhrkvsm rekcraeh kj 5;67 w`r` kopartejt kjfflu`jg`s aj tb` tawjs

h`v`capo`jt.

Kj 5;45 Jkmapac d`geo` e pavkt (hkstrkgt) gepktec ejh kj 5;47 kt d`geo` e rekaj gepktec an tb` Mryvyk Tkb rìkaj. Kj 5;4>

Jkmapac adtekj`h gkty stetus ejh e gkty gaujgkc wes grèt`h. Jkmapacs gurr`jt stetus an e gkty an adcest sudarhkjeaj

wes adtekj`h kj 5;78.

Kj tb` 5;76s, tb` PWWTs Vkvh`jjyk Vkp` Vcejt wes dukct kj Jkmapac ejh 47 atb`r `jt`rprks`s skijkstgejtcy kjgrès`h tb`kr

prahugaj.

Jkmapac wes aggupk`h dy Jezk I`roejs hurkji Yarch Yer KK, nrao Euiust 5;85 ta N`druery 5;88.

D`tw``j 5;06 ejh 5;26, Jkmapac d`geo` ej kjhustrkec bud haokjet`h dy o`teccurikgec jt`rprks`s< Vkvh`jjyk Vkp` Vcejt

(jaw gecc`h Xrudastec Cth. ejh Kjt`rpkp` Jkma Xud` Cth.) ejh tb` Jkmapac N`rraeccay Vcejt (jaw gecc`h tb` Jkmapac N`r-


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raeccay Vcejt VLWG). Xb` kjhustrkec s`gtar an tb` gkty ecsa kjgcuh`s o`gbejkgec `jikj``rkji, gajstrugaj oet`rkecs, ckibt

kjhustry, ejh naah kjhustry jt`rprks`s.

Eggarhkji ta tb` H`gr`` an tb` Gedkj`t an Okjkst`rs an Pmrekj` #292 het`h Lucy 4>, 4665, Jkmapac wes pceg`h aj tb` Ckst

an Bkstarkg Gk`s ejh ^kccei`s.

I@AITEVBKG CAGEXKAJJkmapac ck`s aj tb` rkibt dejm an tb` Membavsm` T`s`rvakr kj tb` sautbèst s`gaj an Hjkprap`travsm Adcest.

Xb` gkty ck`s kj tb` okhhc` cetuh` an tb` Jartb`rj bòkspb`r` r`cev` ta tb` `quetar ejh kj tb` @est`rj bòkspb`r`

r`cev` ta tb` Ir``jwkgb o`rkhkej. Xb` gktys gaarhkjet`s er` 8967872 jartb`rj cetuh` ejh 7864549 èst`rj caj-

iktuh`.

Jkmapacs cejh erè ks 06 sq. mo. Xb` gkty str`tgb`s nar 57 mo nrao jartb ta sautb ejh 59 mo nrao èst ta w`st.

Xb` hkstejg` nrao Jkmapac ta s`c`gt`h gk`s< Hjkprap`travsm ;; mo= Mykv 878 mo= Cajhaj 4,>54 mo= Verks

4,827 mo= D`rckj 5,>2> mo= Druss`cs 4,76; mo= Oasgaw ;4> mo= Yesbkjitaj 2,74; mo.

GCKOEX@Jkmapacs gckoet` ks oah`ret`cy gajj`jtec wktb hry suoo`rs ejh wkjt`rs wktb ckc` sjaw. Wuoo`rs er` oastcy bat

ejh hry= wkjt`rs er` okch wktb ckc` sjaw. Xb` gkty ck`s wktbkj e sautb`rj hry ejh v`ry wero eiragckoeg erè.

Xb` ev`rei` ejjuec tòp`retur` ks +;.4G. Xb` ev`rei` tòp`retur kj Lejuery ks -8.8G ejh kj Lucy kt ks +44.6G. Xb`

okjkouo tòp`retur` (-78) wes r`garh`h kj 5;86 ejh tb` oexkouo (+86.5) kj 5;76.

Xb` gktys ev`rei` ejjuec rekjnecc ks 876 oo. Xb` bkib`st ev`rei` rekjnecc c`v`c kj Jkmapac ks kj Luj` (>6 oo) ejh tb`

caw`st ks kj Agtad`r (49 oo). @v`ry yèr tb`r` ks e sjaw gav`r kj Jkmapac dut kt ks jat h``p.

Jartbèst wkjhs er` ks oast nr`qu`jt kj Jkmapac (59.4 p`r g`jt) wbkc` sautbw`st rj wkjhs er` cèst nr`qu`jt (56.8 p`r

g`jt).

Ejtbrapai`jkg negtars skijkstgejtcy kjfflu`jg` tb` gktys gckoet`. Xb` grèaj an tb` Membavsm` T`s`rvakr skijkstgejtcy

gbeji`h rekjnecc hkstrkduaj kj tb` erè an tb` r`s`rvakr. Xb` r`s`rvakr ecsa bes e tb`roec kopegt aj tb` surraujhkji erè

geuskji ehhkajec esg`jhkji ekr, wbkgb bes e werokji `st gt. Xb` ev`rei` wet`r tòp`retur` kj tb` r`s`rvakr ks +44.7G

kj suoo`r. Xb` wet`r tòp`retur` gej règb`s +76 ta +75G aj bat heys.

JEXPTEC T@WAPTG@WXb` Jkmapac rìkaj ks rkgb kj okj`rec r`saurg`s, pergucercy oejiej`s` ar`. Xb`r` er` ecsa `xpcar`h h`paskts an deux-kt`s, irejkt`s, oercs, cko`staj`s, sejhstaj`s ejh gcey. Xb` pryhjkpravsmyk oejiej`s` ar` deskjwbkgb kjgcuh`s tb`

Jkmapac rìkajpravkh`s tb` kraj kjhustry wktb oejiej`s` ar`.


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Xb` Jkmapac oejiej`s` ar` deskj ks aj` an tb` ceri`st kj tb` warch wktb ej erè an 0,666 squer` mkcao`tr`s.Xatec oej-

iej`s` r`s`rv`s kj Pmrekj` er` 7.0 dkcckaj tajs kjgcuhkji 4.7 dkcckaj tajs an gaoo`rgkec r`s`rv`s. Pmrekj`s sber` kj

icadec oejiej`s` prahugaj ks 74 p`r g`jt.

Xb` Jkmapac oejiej`s` ar` deskj (ap`j`h kj 5227 wktb gaoo`rgkec h`v`capo`jt sterji kj 522>) ks hkvkh`h kjta twa

okj`st`chs< Jkmapacsm` ejh ^`cymatamoetsm`. Jkmapacsm` okj`st`ch ks caget`h jèr tb` Gkty an Jkmapac= ^`cymatamoetsm

okj`st`ch ck`s jèr \eparkzbzbke. Ar` okjkji ks haj` uskji ap`j-pkt (4/7) ejh ujh`riraujh o`tbahs. Kj Jkmapacsm`

okj`st`ch, tb` caw`r Ackiag`j` naroeaj wktb gaoo`rgkec sèos str`tgb`s ecoast 406 mo nrao w`st ta èst ejh ks

40 mo wkh`. @xpcar`h r`s`rv`s an oejiej`s` `xg``h 966 okcckaj tajs. Oejiej`s` gajt`jt verk`s nrao 2 ta 78 p`r g`jt.

Ar`-hr`sskji pcejts kjgrès` tb` oejiej`s` gajt`jt kj ar` up ta 06 ta >6 p`r g`jt ejh ks s`jh ta o`teccurikgec pcejts.

Becvejs (dejh`h kraj naroeajs) wktb 42 ta 7; p`r g`jt kraj gajt`jt er` okj`h uskji ej ap`j-pkt o`tbah.

Ap`j-pkt okj`s eraujh tb` gkty er` `xtregji verkaus okj`rec r`saurg`s nar gajstrugaj j``hs< meackjs, str` gceys,

cko`staj`s, ejh ceri` h`paskts an irejkt`.

Okjkji ffluxkji cko`staj` ejh str` okj`recs (hacaokt`s, oeij`skt`s, str` gceys, `tg.) er` kopartejt `cò`jts an tb` o`t-

eccurikgec gaopc`x es w`cc es oejunegturkji str` oet`rkecs j``h`h nar st``c o`cji, gajstrugaj an dcest ejh Oerj

nurjeg`s, ejh st``c gesji.

Gaoo`rgkec r`s`rv`s an iach w`r` `xpcar`h kj tb` Jkmapac rìkaj.

WAGKEC EJH @GAJAOKG A^@T^K@YXb`r` er` 45 ceri` ejh o`hkuo-skz`h `jt`rprks`s ap`reji kj tb` gkty. Xb` gktys `gajaoy ks des`h aj o`teccurikgec ejh

pkp` `jt`rprks`s. Xb` ceri`st er` Jkmapac N`rraeccay Vcejt VLWG (e m`y oejunegtur`r an eiicao`ret`, fflux, n`rraeccays),

Xrudastec Cth., ejh Kjt`rpkp` Jkma Xud` Cth.

Jèrcy 46 `jt`rprks`s an verkaus naros an awj`rsbkp oejunegtur` jaj-naah prahugts kj tb` gkty, kjgcuhkji ckibt kjhustry

prahugts, baus`bach iaahs, ejh gajstrugaj prahugts.

Naah prahugts er` oejunegtur`h dy 0 naah ejh prag`sskji `jt`rprks`s ejh edaut 76 atb`r duskj`ss `j`s. Vrahugaj

an gajstrugaj oet`rkecs ks gerrk`h aut dy e juod`r an `jt`rprks`s sp`gkeckzkji kj hkst r`jt erès= nar `xeopc`, soecc

pcejts oejunegturkji r`kjnarg`s gajgr`t` ejh cagec gajstrugaj oet`rkecs.

Dus`s ejh sbuc` dus`s er` tb` gktys oekj oèjs an trejspart wktb 70 ap`retars an hkst r`jt naros an awj`rsbkp.

Xb` gkty bes rkv`r trejspart es w`cc es tb` Jkmapac rekcraeh steaj aj tb` Epastacav`\eparkzbzbke ckj`. Xb` jeajec

\eparkzbzbkeMkravabreh raeh ecsa ia`s tbrauib tb` gkty.

Vr`sgbaac `hugeaj gaoprks`s 4> stedcksbo`jts wbkc` gaopucsary s`gajhery `hugeaj ks r`pr`s`jt`h dy 42 `sted-

cksbo`jts kjgcuhkji 4 iyojeske, 4 sp`gkeckz`h sgbaacs, ejh 5 jkibt sgbaac.

Jkmapac bes 7 vageajec sgbaacs, 8 `hugeajec kjstuajs an KKK eggr`hkteaj c`v`cs, ejh > drejgb`s an bkib`r `huge-

aj `stedcksbo`jts an KKKK^ eggr`hkteaj c`v`cs tbet er` des`h kj atb`r Pmrekjkej gk`s.

Xb` bèctb-ger` s`gtar an tb` gkty kjgcuh`s 54 o`hkgec trèto`jt ejh pr`v`jaj stedcksbo`jts ejh autpe jt gckjkgs.

Kt ecsa bes 82 prkvet` o`hkgec kjstuajs, e Wejktery ejh @pkhòkacaikgec W`rvkg`, es w`cc es e o`hkgacìec kjv`sieaj

h`perto`jt an tb` Hjkprap`travsm O`hkgacìec Kjv`sieaj Durèu.


9/43


56

A^@TECC VAVPCEXKAJH[JEOKGW

Xb` papuceaj an Jkmapac bes h`gckj`h skjg` tb` H`gòd`r 4665 g`jsus. (W`` Gbert 4.5.) Et tb` o` an tb` g`jsus,

tb` gktys papuceaj wes 572,452 pàpc`. Kj Lejuery 4655, tb`r` w`r` 547,272 pàpc`, wbkgb oèjs tbet tb` gkty cast

58,726 pàpc`, ar 56.8 p`r g`jt an kts papuceaj. Xb` juod`r an oec`s h`gckj`h sckibtcy oar` tbej tb` juod`r an

nòec`s. Nòec`s jaw r`pr`s`jt 00.8 p`r g`jt an Jkmapacs papuceaj. (W`` Xedc` 4.5.) Xb` papuceaj h`gckj` bes eg-g`c`ret`h kj tb` pest naur yèrs. Es w`cc, tb` hètb ret` bes d``j bkib`r tbej tb` dkrtb retòèjkji tbet tb`r` bes

d``j e jeturec papuceaj h`grèsèjh j`t okireaj bes d``j jìev`.

Gbept`r 4H@OAITEVBKG VTANKC@

Av`r tb` 466455 p`rkah, Jkmapac cast 56.8 p`r g`jt an kts papuceaj, hu` ta datb e h`gckj` kj tb` jeturecpapuceaj ejh j`t okireaj aucaw.

Jeturec papuceaj irawtb wes jìev` kj `v`ry seopc` yèr. Xb` kjgrès` kj dkrtbs d`tw``j 466> ejh 466;

wes jat `jauib ta gaop`jset` nar tb` bkib`r juod`r an hètbs.

Xb`r` bes d``j e stèhy h`gckj` kj tb` juod`r an pàpc` oavkji aut an Jkmapac ta atb`r gaujtrk`s, dut tbks

h`gckj` bes d``j av`rtem`j dy tb` kjgrès` kj tb` juod`r an pàpc` oavkji aut an Jkmapac ta atb`r perts an

tb` gaujtry.

Kj 4655, tb` juod`r an nòec`s eggaujt`h nar 00.8 p`r g`jt an Jkmapacs papuceaj. Xbks kodecejg` kjgrès`s

kj ach`r ei` iraups. Ybkc` oec`s oeh` up e ceri`r praparaj an Jkmapacs papuceaj kj tb` 6 ta 49 ei` ga-

bart, nòec`s oeh` up >5.0 p`r g`jt an tb` gktys papuceaj kj tb` av`r-88 ei` iraup.

Xb` ev`rei` ei` an tb` papuceaj an Jkmapac ks 85.; yèrs, wbkgb ks ach`r tbej tbet kj Hjkprap`travsm Adcest

(86.9 yèrs).

A^@T^K@Y


10/43


55

Xb` papuceaj an Jkmapac ks est gt`h dy twa negtars< e) tb` gbeji` kj tb` jeturec papuceaj= ejh d) j`t okireaj.

Gbeji` kj tb` Jeturec VapucetkajXb` gbeji` kj tb` jeturec papuceaj ks h`stj`h es tb` hkst r`jg` d`tw``j tb` juod`r an dkrtbs ejh tb` juod`r an

hètbs kj e pergucer yèr. Kn tb` juod`r an dkrtbs ks ceri`r tbej tb` juod`r an hètbs, tb`r` ks ej kjgrès` kj tb` jeturec

papuceaj. E h`grès` kj tb` jeturec papuceaj aggurs kn tb` juod`r an dkrtbs ks soecc`r tbej tb` juod`r an hètbs.

Kj 4656, tb` juod`r an dkrtbs wes dy 6.; p`r g`jt caw`r tbej kj 466>. (W`` Xedc` 4.4.) D`tw``j 466> ejh 466;, baw`v`r,

dkrtbs kjgrès`h dy 9.2 p`r g`jt. Xb` skijkstgejt hrap kj dkrtbs kj 4656 wes tb` rèsaj nar tb` h`gckj` kj tb` av`recc

466>56 p`rkah. Dkrtbs n`cc dy 2.5 p`r g`jt kj 4656. Jkmapacs h`gckj` kj dkrtbs hkst rs nrao tb` i`j`rec upwerh tr`jh kj

Pmrekj` es e wbac`.

5 Ecc papuceaj hete er` sbawj es an Lejuery 5 nar egb yèr. Xb` ajcy xg`paj ks kj 4664, wb`j hete er` des`h aj tb`

jeajec papuceaj g`jsus an H`gòd`r 0, 4665.

Waurg`< Oekj stesgs ag` kj Hjkprap`travsm Adcest.

GBETX 4.5. VAVPCEXKAJ H[JEOKGW, 466455 (JPOD@T AN V@AVC@)5

XEDC@ 4.5.JKMAVAC VAVPCEXKAJ, 466>55

4664

46,666

Xatecpapuceaj

Oec`

Nòec`

86,666

>6,666

26,666

566,666

546,666

586,666

5>6,666

4660 46624667 466> 466;4668 4669 4656 4655

[èr

Vapuceaj,

juod`r an

pàpc`

Vapuceaj

irawtb, p`r

g`jt

Oec`s Nòec`s

Juod`r an

oec`s

V`r g`jt an tatec

papuceaj

Juod`r an

nòec`s

V`r g`jt an tatec

papuceaj466> 574,806 -5.67 0;,056 88.; 94,;86 00.5

4669 575,4>5 -6.;6 02,2;5 88.; 94,796 00.5

4662 54;,02> -5.42 02,676 88.2 95,00> 00.4

466; 549,>07 -5.8; 09,6>7 88.9 96,0;6 00.7

4656 540,264 -5.80 0>,542 88.> >;,>98 00.8

4655 547,272 -5.0> 00,454 88.> >2,>4> 00.8



11/43


12/43


57

J`t kjt`rjeajec okireaj ks tb` hkst r`jg` d`tw``j tb` juod`r an pàpc` oavkji kjta Jkmapac nrao atb`r gaujtrk`s

ejh tb` juod`r an pàpc` oavkji aut an Jkmapac ta atb`r gaujtrk`s. J`t kjt`rjeajec okireaj wes jìev` kj tb`

p`rkah nrao 466> ta 466;, dut turj`h paskv` kj 4656. (W`` Xedc` 4.0.)

Xb`r` bes d``j e stèhy h`gckj` kj tb` juod`r an pàpc` oavkji aut an Jkmapac ta atb`r gaujtrk`s, dut tbks h`gckj` bes

d``j av`rtem`j dy tb` kjgrès` kj tb` juod`r an pàpc` oavkji aut an Jkmapac ta atb`r perts an tb` gaujtry. Xb` j`t

aucaw an pàpc` nrao Jkmapac bes kjgrès`h stèhkcy d`tw``j 466> ejh 4656. (W`` Gbert 4.7.)

XEDC@ 4.8. HAO@WXKG OKITEXKAJ, 466>56 (JPOD@T AN V@AVC@)

XEDC@ 4.0. KJX@TJEXKAJEC OKITEXKAJ, 466>56 (JPOD@T AN V@AVC@)

[èr

Kjta Jkmapac Aut an Jkmapac J`t hao`sg okireaj

Datbs`x`s

Oec`s Nòec`sDatbs`x`s


Oec`s Nòec`s

466> 5,9>2 994 ;;> 5,92; 25> ;97 45 88 47

4669 5,455 069 968 5,925 9;; ;24 096 4;4 492

4662 986 770 860 5,0;9 955 22> 209 79> 825

466; 829 454 490 5,855 >84 9>; ;48 876 8;8

4656 >6> 4>; 779 5,>72 97> ;64 5,674 8>9 0>0

[èr

Kjta Jkmapac Aut an Jkmapac J`t kjt`rjeajec okireaj

Datbs`x`s



Oec`s Nòec`s

466> ;8 89 89 57; 06 2; -80 -7 -84

4669 ;8 89 89 582 >5 29 -08 -58 -86

4662 75 50 5> 08 44 74 -47 -9 -5>

466; 54 > > 44 ; 57 -56 -7 -9

4656 8> 48 44 57 > 9 77 52 50



-5,466

-5,666

-266

-866

->66

-466

6

4662466> 466;4669 4656


GBETX 4.7. J@X OKITEXKAJ, 466>56 (JPOD@T AN V@AVC@)


13/43


58

Wuooery an Jeturec Vapucetkaj Gbejièjh J`t Okiretkaj

Xb` papuceaj an Jkmapac bes d``j sbrkjmkji. Kj 466>, 4669, ejh 4662, tb` cass an pàpc` nrao tb` gkty wes oastcy hu`

ta e h`gckj` kj tb` jeturec papuceajtb` juod`r an hètbs wes ceri`r tbej tb` juod`r an dkrtbs. Kj 466; ejh 4656,

jìev` okireaj wes e sckibtcy ceri`r negtar kj `xpcekjkji tb` h`grès` kj tb` papuceaj. (W`` Xedc` 4.>.)

VAVPCEXKAJ HKWXTKDPXKAJD[ EI@ EJH W@R

Xb` papuceaj pyreokh kj Gbert 4.8 sbaws tbet tb` praparaj an oec`s ks irèt`r kj tb` ei` gabart nrao 6 ta 49 yèrs,

wbkc` nòec`s haokjet` kj tb` ach`r ei` iraups. Xb` ceri`r nòec` gabart d`gao s pergucercy jagèdc` e r ei`

88, wb`r` nòec`s oem` up >5.0 p`r g`jt an tb` papuceaj, ejh kj tb` av`r->6 ei` iraup, wb`r` nòec`s oem` up >0.2 p`r

g`jt an tb` papuceaj. Gbert 4.8 r`vècs tbet tb`r` ks e sudstejec r`hugaj kj tb` oec` papuceaj e`r ei` an >6.

Xedc` 4.9 pr`s`jts tb` papuceaj hete nar verkaus ei` ejh s`x gabarts kj Jkmapac nar 4669, 466;, ejh 4655. Xb` sber` an

pàpc` kj tb` yauji`st gabart (6 ta 58 yèrs) bes irawj sao`wbet. Baw`v`r, tb` praparaj an yauji`r ehucts (tbas`

ei`h 50 ta 48) n`cc oerm`hcy. Xb` hòairepbkg tr`jh kj Jkmapac ks aj` an ej eikji papuceaj. Xb` sber`s an tb` papuce-

aj kj tb` ei` gabarts an 40 ta 88, 80 ta >6, ejh av`r >6 yèrs er` irawkji.

XEDC@ 4.>. JEXPTEC EJH OKITEXKAJ VAVPCEXKAJ GBEJI@W, 466>56 (JPOD@T AN V@AVC@)

Vapuceaj gbeji` 466> 4669 4662 466; 4656

Gbeji` kj tb` jeturec papuceaj -5,547 -5,605 -5,607 -;59 -;>0

J`t okireaj ->> ->48 -226 -;78 -;;;

Xatec papuceaj gbeji` -5,52; -5,>90 -5,;77 -5,205 -5,;>8


7 Ei` ejh s`x hkstrkduaj ks sbawj es an Lejuery 5, 4655.


GBETX 4.8. JKMAVAC VAVPCEXKAJ HKWEIIT@IEX@H D[ EI@ EJH W@R, 4655 (JPOD@T AN V@AVC@)7

056504640

767086800600>6>096902620;6;0:;;

5,066

Oec` Nòec`

5,666 066 6 066 5,666 5,066


14/43


50

Es an Lejuery 5, 4655, tb` ev`rei` ei` an Jkmapacs papuceaj wes 85.; yèrs, wbkgb ks bkib`r tbej tb` ev`rei`

ei` kj Hjkprap`travsm Adcest (86.9 yèrs).Xb` ev`rei` ei` an nòec`s kj Jkmapac wes 88.8 yèrs ejh tbet an oec`s wes

72.9 yèrs.

H@V@JH@JG[ TEXKAXb` h`p`jh`jgy rea oèsur`s tb` skz` an tb` h`p`jh`jt papuceaj kj r`ceaj ta tb` warmkji-ei` papuceaj.

Xb` h`p`jh`jt papuceaj ks h`stj`h es tbas` typkgeccy jat kj tb` cedaur narg`tb` yautb papuceaj (6 ta 50 yèrs) ejh

`ch`rcy papuceaj (00 ejh av`r nar nòec`s ejh >6 ejh av`r nar oec`s). Xb` warmkji-ei` papuceaj ks h`stj`h es tbas`

ei`h 5> ta 08 nar nòec`s ejh 5> ta 0; nar oec`s. Xb` h`p`jh`jgy rea ks `xpr`ss`h es tb` juod`r an h`p`jh`jts nar

`v`ry 5,666 pàpc` an warmkji ei`.0

Jkmapacs h`p`jh`jgy rea kj 4655 wes 942 h`p`jh`jt pàpc` nar `v`ry 5,666 pàpc` an warmkji ei`.> Xbks tatec wes

oeh` up an 489 pàpc` yauji`r tbej tb` warmkji ei` ejh 825 pàpc` ach`r tbej tb` warmkji ei`.

Kj 4655, 09.; p`r g`jt (95,>24 pàpc`) an Jkmapacs papuceaj w`r` an warmkji ei`, 58.7 p`r g`jt (59,945 pàpc`) w`r`

yauji`r tbej tb` warmkji ei`, ejh 49.2 p`r g`jt (78,870 pàpc`) w`r` ach`r tbej tb` warmkji ei`.9 (W`` Gbert 4.0.) Xb`juod`r an oec`s ach`r tbej tb` warmkji ei` wes ceri`r tbej tb` juod`r an oec`s yauji`r tbej tb` warmkji ei`, dut

jat dy ougb. Kj gajtrest, tb` juod`r an nòec`s av`r tb` warmkji ei` wes 4.2o`s tb` juod`r an nòec`s yauji`r

tbej tb` warmkji ei`. Vert an tb` rèsaj nar tbks ks tb` èrck`r r`rò`jt ei` nar nòec`s. [`t, `v`j kn w` gecgucet`h

tb` oec` `ch`rcy h`p`jh`jt papuceaj uskji tb` seo` r`rò`jt ei` es tbet an nòec`s (00 ejh av`r retb`r tbej >6

ejh av`r), tb` nòec` `ch`rcy h`p`jh`jt papuceaj wauch scc d` 5.> o`s tbet nar oec`s. Xbks ks hu` ta tb` caji`r ckn`

`xp`gtejgy nar nòec`s.

8

Ei` ejh s`x hkstrkdu

aj ks sbawj es an Lejuery 5 nar egb yèr.0 Yarmkji ei` ks h`stj`h es an Lejuery 5, 4655.

XEDC@ 4.9.VAVPCEXKAJ HKWEIIT@IEX@H D[ EI@ EJH W@R, 4669, 466;, EJH 46558

Ei` ejh s`x

4669 466; 4655

Juod`ran pàpc`

V`r g`jtan tatec

papuceaj

Juod`ran pàpc`

V`r g`jtan tatec

papuceaj

Juod`ran pàpc`

V`r g`jtan tatec

papuceaj

Oec`s 658 yèrs 2,205 >.98 2,>40 >.9> 2,8;5 >.2>Nòec`s 658 yèrs 2,489 >.42 2,6>9 >.74 2,665 >.8>

Datb s`x`s 658 yèrs 59,6;2 57.64 5>,>;4 57.62 5>,8;4 57.74

Oec`s 5048 yèrs ;,772 9.55 2,7;; >.02 9,769 0.;6

Nòec`s 5048 yèrs ;,455 9.64 2,5>9 >.86 >,;65 0.09

Datb s`x`s 5048 yèrs 52,08; 58.57 5>,0>> 54.;2 58,462 55.89

Oec`s 4088 yèrs 59,9;5 57.0> 59,00; 57.9> 59,898 58.55

Nòec`s 4088 yèrs 5;,8;> 58.20 52,;>7 58.20 52,>95 50.62

Datb s`x`s 4088 yèrs 79,429 42.85 7>,044 42.>5 7>,580 4;.5;

Oec`s 80>6 yèrs 57,059 56.76 57,756 56.87 54,984 56.4;

Nòec`s 80>6 yèrs 52,580 57.24 52,509 58.44 59,797 58.67Datb s`x`s 80>6 yèrs 75,>>4 48.54 75,8>9 48.>0 76,550 48.74

Oec`s av`r >6 yèrs ;,7;8 9.5> ;,596 9.52 ;,5;2 9.87

Nòec`s av`r >6 yèrs 59,495 57.5> 59,47> 57.06 59,>26 58.49

Datb s`x`s av`r >6 yèrs 4>,>>0 46.74 4>,86> 46.>2 4>,292 45.96


> H`p`jh`jgy rea ks sbawj es an Lejuery 5, 4655.

9 Ei` hkstrkduaj ks sbawj es an Lejuery 5, 4655.


15/43


5>

Xb` h`p`jh`jgy rea bes kjgrès`h skjg` 466>, oekjcy hu` ta e bkib`r h`p`jh`jgy rea an tbas` ach`r tbej tb` warm-

kji ei`. (W`` Gbert 4.>.) Xb` h`p`jh`jgy rea an tbas` yauji`r tbej tb` warmkji ei` bes necc`j sckibtcy.


GBETX 4.>. H@V@JH@JG[ TEXKA, 466>55 (JPOD@T AN H@V@JH@JXW V@T 5,666 YATMKJI-EI@VAVPCEXKAJ)2

566

6

Av`recc h`p`jh`jgyrea

H`p`jh`jgy rea

an tbas` ach`r tbej

warmkji ei`

H`p`jh`jgy rea

an tbas` yauji`r

tbej warmkji ei`466

766

866

066

966

>66

266

4662466> 466;4669 4656 4655

2 H`p`jh`jgy rea ks sbawj es an Lejuery 5 nar egb yèr.

GBETX 4.0. VAVPCEXKAJ D[ YATMKJI EJH H@V@JH@JX EI@, 4655 (V@T G@JX)

rea b s kjgrès

Xb`

Datb s`x`s

49.2

58.709.;

>0.852.5

5>.0

05.2

70.>

54.>

Oec` Nòec`

Yarmkji-ei` papuceaj Ach`r tbej warmkji ei` [auji`r tbej warmkji ei`

Waurg`< Oekj ste

s

gs a

g` kj Hjkprap`travsm Adcest.


16/43


59

KJHKGEXATW AN JKMAVACWH@OAITEVBKG WKXPEXKAJ

Xedc` 4.2 gaoper`s tb` sktueaj an Jkmapac wktb tbet an Pmrekj` es e wbac` aj stv` m`y hòairepbkg kjhkgetars. Jkma-

pacs hòairepbkg paskaj ks wèm`r tbej Pmrekj` aj ecc kjhkgetars. Kj Jkmapac,tb` jeturec papuceaj h`gckj` ks ougbceri`rtbej Pmrekj` kj i`j`rec, j`t autwerh okireaj ks ougb bkib`r, tb` h`p`jh`jgy rea ks bkib`r, tb` sber` an tb`

papuceaj av`r tb` ei` an >6 yèrs ks bkib`r, ejh tb` praparaj an oec`s ejh nòec`s kj tb` av`recc papuceaj ks oar`

decejg`h tbej kj Pmrekj` es e wbac`.

XEDC@ 4.2.M@[ H@OAITEVBKG KJHKGEXATW

Kjhkgetar Jkmapac Pmrekj`T`cev` paskaj an

Jkmapac

Tet` an jeturec papuceaj gbeji`

kj 4656

-9.9 p`r 5,666 pàpc` -8.8 p`r 5,666 pàpc` Yèm`r

J`t okireaj ret` kj 4656 -2.6 p`r 5,666 pàpc` 6.7 p`r 5,666 pàpc` Yèm`r

H`p`jh`jgy rea es an

Lejuery 5, 4656

954 p`r 5,666 pàpc` an

warmkji ei`

>0; p`r 5,666 pàpc` an

warmkji ei`

Yèm`r

Wber` an nòec`s kj papuceaj esan Lejuery 5, 4656

00.84 p`r g`jt 07.29 p`r g`jt Yèm`r

Wber` an papuceaj av`r >6 yèrses an Lejuery 5, 4656

45.66 p`r g`jt 5;.77 p`r g`jt Yèm`r



17/43


52

@GAJAOKG WXTPGXPT@Wec`s an Iaahs ejh W`rvkg`s

Aj` wey kj wbkgb tb` strugtur` an ej gajaoy gej d` oèsur`h ks tbrauib sec`s. Xedc` 7.5 sbaws sec`s an iaahs ejh s`r-

vkg`s kj tb` Gkty an Jkmapac av`r tb` 466056 p`rkah nar tb` ceri`st s`gtars ejh kjhustrk`s. Xb` tedc` kccustret`s lust baw

kopartejt tb` o`tecs ejh o`teccuriy s`gtar ks ta tb` gktys gajaoy. Av`r tbks p`rkah, tb` o`tecs ejh o`teccuriy s`gtar

eggaujt`h nar d`tw``j 99 ejh ;5 p`r g`jt an ecc sec`s kj Jkmapac. Atb`r kjhustrk`s ejh s`gtars er` soecc r`cev` ta tb`

skz` an tb` o`tecs ejh o`teccuriy kjhustry. Baw`v`r, tb` naah ejh oegbkj`ry ejh `qukpo`jt kjhustrk`s, es w`cc es tb`gajstrugaj, treh`, ejh trejsparteaj ejh gaooujkgeajs s`gtars, er` ecsa kopartejt ta tb` gktys `gajaoy.

Gbept`r 7

@GAJAOKG VTANKC@

Jkmapac ks e gkty wbas` gajaoy ks haokjet`h dy tb` o`tecs ejh o`teccuriy kjhustry. Xbks kjhustry eggaujt`hnar ;5 p`r g`jt an tb` autput an jaj-stjejgkec `jt`rprks`s kj 4656. Nrao ej òpcayo`jt p`rsp`gv`, tb` kj-

hustry eggaujt`h nar 89 p`r g`jt an stestòpcayo`jt kj tb` gkty kj 466;.

@opcayo`jt kj tb` gkty ks gajg`jtret`h kj ceri`-skz`h `jt`rprks`s, wktb 9> p`r g`jt an stestòpcay``s warm-

kji kj ceri`-skz`h `jt`rprks`s, 5> p`r g`jt kj o`hkuo-skz`h `jt`rprks`s, ejh 2 p`r g`jt kj soecc-skz`h `jt`r-

prks`s.

Jkmapacs s`rvkg`s s`gtar ks sao`wbet c`ss h`v`cap`h tbej kj atb`r gk`s kj tb` Hjkprap`travsm Adcest, wktb

tb` s`gtar oemkji up > p`r g`jt an tb` tatec autput an jaj-stjejgkec gaopejk`s kj 4656.

Xb` icadec r`g`sskaj beh e skijkstgejt kopegt aj Jkmapacs xparts kj 466;, es `xparts n`cc dy 09 p`r g`jt nrao

tb`kr pèm kj 4662. Kj 4656 `xparts kjgrès`h dy 07 p`r g`jt dut w`r` scc d`caw tb`kr 4669 c`v`c.

Ehlust`h nar kjffleaj, wei`s ir`w dy 2.8 p`r g`jt ejjueccy d`tw``j 4660 ejh 4655.

A^@T^K@Y


18/43


5;

@opcayo`jtEjatb`r wey an caamkji et tb` strugtur` an tb` `gajaoy ks tbrauib òpcayo`jt. Xedc` 7.4 sbaws ste stòpcayo`jt dy

`gajaokg egvkty ejh s`x kj 466;.4Ectbauib tb` kjhustry s`gtar eggaujt`h nar jèrcy 2; p`r g`jt an sec`s kj Jkmapac

kj 466;, kt ajcy eggaujt`h nar 0; p`r g`jt an òpcayo`jt. Wcc, nrao ej òpcayo`jt p`rsp`gv`, tb` kjhustrkec s`gtar

gcèrcy rejms es tb` oast kopartejt s`gtar kj tb` gktys `gajaoy. Atb`r m`y s`gtars kjgcuh` `hugeaj, bèctb ger` ejh

sagkec esskstejg`, ejh trejspart ejh gaooujkgeajs.

Xedc` 7.7 pr`s`jts h`tekcs an stestòpcayo`jt kj Jkmapacs kjhustrkec s`gtar dy s`x nar 466;. Ectbauib hete nar oejy kj-

hustrk`s er` ujevekcedc` (hu` ta tb`kr soecc skz` ejh prkvegy gajg`rjs), tb` tedc` gajstros tbet tb` o`teccuriy ejh o`tec

warmkji kjhustry ks tb` ceri`st òpcay`r kj tb` gktys `gajaoy, wktb tb` prahugaj ejh hkstrkduaj an `c`gtrkgkty, ies,

ejh wet`r e hkstejt s`gajh. Xb` o`teccuriy ejh o`tec warmkji kjhustry eggaujts nar 26 p`r g`jt an ecc stestòpcayo`jt

kj tb` kjhustrkec s`gtar (ejh 89 p`r g`jt an ecc stestòpcayo`jt) kj Jkmapac, wbkc` stestòpcay``s kj tb` oegbkj`ry ejh

`qukpo`jt kjhustry eggaujt nar 0.8 p`r g`jt an ecc kjhustrkec stestòpcayo`jt.

XEDC@ 7.5. WEC@W AN IAAHW EJH W@T^KG@W, 466056 (PEB XBAPWEJHW KJ GPTT@JX VTKG@W)5

XEDC@ 7.4. JPOD@T AN WXENN @OVCA[@@W D[ @GAJAOKG EGXK^KX[ EJH W@R, 466; (JPOD@T AN V@AVC@)7

@gajaokg egvkty 4660 466> 4669 4662 466; 4656

Xatec gkty gajaoy 0,;5;,447 9,579,>25 55,5;6,;88 57,029,88; 2,;08,408 58,22>,4>0

Kjhustry 8,9>7,47> 0,90;,857 2,;07,>74 54,759,4;4 2,665,406 58,658,956

Naah prahugts, d`v`rei`s, ejhtadegga 75,;70 76,2;0 7;,;46 8;,644 80,999 08,9>;

O`tecs ejh o`teccuriy 8,>65,;89 0,0;4,208 2,>24,909 54,657,0;5 9,24;,504 57,08;,426

Oegbkj`ry ejh qukpo`jt 569,969 569,505 5>0,808 52>,526 9>,0>> 500,297

Vrahugaj ejh hkstrkduaj an`c`gtrkgkty, ies, ejh wet`r

565,465 ;6,5;8 568,825 575,547 578,846 466,;7;

Gajstrugaj 72,294 85,79; 9;,9>5 566,058 24,>85 546,8>>

Ybac`sec` ejh r`tekc treh`=r`pekr an oatar v`bkgc`s ejhoatargygc`s

;68,292 5,588,7>7 5,909,4>7 ;68,562 897,7;4 059,;52

Xrejspart ejh gaooujkgeajs 56,257 59,759 47,0>2 42,>;> 580,667 577,679

@gajaokg egvkty Datb s`x`s Oec`s Nòec`s

Juod`r an stestòpcay``s, kj tatec 74,25; 5>,8;5 5>,742

Eirkguctur`, bujji, ejh nar`stry 407 5;5 >4Kjhustry 5;,860 54,0>0 >,286

Gajstrugaj 7>7 767 >6

Ybac`sec` ejh r`tekc treh`= r`pekr an gers, bao` eppckejg`s,ejh p`rsajec us` ktòs

2>> 785 040

Bat`cs ejh r`steurejts ;5 45 96

Xrejspart ejh gaooujkgeajs 4,64> ;90 5,605

Nkjejgkec egvkty 726 ;5 42;

Tèc stet`, cèskji, jikj``rkji, ejh s`rvkg`s ta duskj`ss`s 996 40; 055

Vudckg ehokjkstreaj 2>5 48; >54

@hugeaj 7,279 >72 7,5;;

Bèctb ger` ejh sagkec esskstejg` 7,44; >6; 4,>46Atb`r `gajaokg egvkty 972 48; 82;



5 Wec`s vecu`s er` ikv`j `xgcuhkji ÊX ejh `xgks` hu`s.

4 Dìkjjkji kj 4656, hete aj tb` hkstrkduaj an wei`s ejh opcayo`jt dy s`x et tb` gkty c`v`c er` ja caji`r d`kji gacc`gt`h.

7 [èrcy ev`rei`.


19/43


46

Pjòpcayo`jtTìkst`r`h ujòpcayo`jt règb`h kts pèm kj 4662 wb`j `jt`rprks`s, règji ta tb` `gajaokg r`g`sskaj, dìej ta cey

ast tb`kr warm`rs. (W`` Gbert 7.5.) Et tb` `jh an 4662, rìkst`r`h ujòpcay`h staah et jèrcy 7,666 pàpc`, dut dy tb`

`jh an 466; tb` juod`r an rìkst`r`h ujòpcay`h beh necc`j ta lust av`r 4,>66 pàpc`. Es tb` `gajaoy koprav`h kj

4656 ejh 4655, rìkst`r`h ujòpcayo`jt gajju`h ta necc. Dy tb` `jh an 4655, rìkst`r`h ujòpcayo`jt beh necc`j ta

5,9>> pàpc`, kts caw`st c`v`c skjg` 4669.

Xb`r` er` sudstejec hkst r`jg`s d`tw``j tb` c`v`c an agkeccy rìkst`r`h ujòpcayo`jt dy tb` Jkmapac Gkty Ag` an tb`

Wtet` @opcayo`jt W`rvkg` an Pmrekj` ejh tb` c`v`c an ujòpcayo`jt oèsur`h dy tb` kjt`rjeajeccy r`gaijkz`h o`tbahac-

aiy an tb` Kjt`rjeajec Cedaur Ariejkzeaj (KCA). Et tb` `jh an 4656, rìkst`r`h ujòpcayo`jt haguo`jt`h dy tb` ò-

pcayo`jt g`jtr`, es e sber` an tb` warmkji ei` papuceaj (5> ta 08 nar wao`j, 5> ta 0; nar o`j) kj Jkmapac wes 7 p`r g`jt.

Baw`v`r, tbks oey skijkstgejtcy ujh`rstet` ujòpcayo`jt. Pskji tb` KCA o`tbahacaiy, kj 4656, ujòpcayo`jt es e sber`

XEDC@ 7.7. JPOD@T AN WXENN @OVCA[@@W D[ KJHPWXT[ EJH W@R, 466; (JPOD@T AN V@AVC@)

Kjhustry W`gtar Datb s`x`s Oec`s Nòec`s

Juod`r an stestòpcay``s, kj kjhustry 5;,860 54,0>0 >,286

Okjkji kjhustry j/e j/e j/e

Naah kjhustry ejh eirkgucturec prag`sskji kjhustry 7>0 585 448

X xc` kjhustry ejh tekcarkji j/e j/e j/e

Cètb`r ejh cètb`r naatwèr prahugaj j/e j/e j/e

Yaah prahugaj ejh waahwarm j/e j/e j/e

Vucp ejh pep`r kjhustry, pudcksbkji duskj`ss 54> 8; 99

Vrahugaj an gam`, r`stj`h prahugts, ejh jugcèr nu`c j/e j/e j/e

Gbòkgec prahugaj j/e j/e j/e

Vrahugaj an rudd`r ejh pcesg iaahs 0; 88 50

Vrahugaj an atb`r jaj-o`tecckg okj`rec prahugts 80 78 55

O`teccuriy ejh o`tec warmkji 50,072 56,887 0,6;0

Oejunegtur` an oegbkj`ry ejh qukpo`jt 5,607 >>> 729

Oejunegtur` an trejsparteaj qukpo`jt j/e j/e j/eAtb`r oejunegturkji kjhustrk`s (gaodkj`h) 866 40> 588

Vrahugaj ejh hkstrkduaj an c`gtrkgkty, ies, ejh wet`r 5,25; ;74 229


Waurg`s< Jkmapacs gkty opcayo`jt g`jt`r= oekj stesgs ag` kj Hjkprap`travsm Adcest.

GBETX 7.5. JPOD@T AN T@IKWX@T@H PJ@OVCA[@H EX [@ET-@JH, 466055 (JPOD@T AN V@AVC@)

066

6

5,666

5,066

4,666

4,066

7,066

7,666

46624660 466> 466;4669 4656 4655


20/43


45

an tb` warmkji ei` papuceaj (50 ta 96) et tb` adcest c`v`c wes 9.5 p`r g`jt kj urdej erès gaoper`h tatb` 4.6 p`r g`jt

ujòpcayo`jt ret` kj urdej erès r`part`h dy tb` òpcayo`jt g`jt`r.

Pjòpcayo`jt kj Jkmapac ks sao`wbet bkib`r eoaji wao`j tbej eoaji o`j. Nar `xeopc`, hurkji tb` 466069 p`rkah,

>5 p`r g`jt an ecc rìkst`r`h ujòpcay`h w`r` wao`j. Xb` iep gej d` pereccy `xpcekj`h dy tb` kopartejg` an bèvy

kjhustry, wbkgb ks trehkajeccy oec`-haokjet`h.

Wkz` Hkstrkdutkaj an @opcay`rsXb` `gajaokg strugtur` an e gkty bes ej kopartejt `st gt aj tb` skz` hkstrkduaj an `jt`rprks`s, kjstuajs, ejh ariejk-

zeajs. Xb` hkstrkduaj an stestòpcay``s dy skz` an `jt`rprks`/kjstuaj kj 466; ks kccustret`h kj Gbert 7.4.8 Xb` gbert

sbaws tbet stestòpcayo`jt kj Jkmapac ks haokjet`h dy ceri`-skz`h jt`rprks`s, wbkgb kj 466; eggaujt`h nar 9> p`r g`jt

an ecc stestòpcayo`jt kj tb` gkty.0 Xb` ceri` sber` an warm`rs kj ceri`-skz`h jt`rprks`s ks pereccy hu` ta tb` kopartejg`

an tb` o`teccuriy ejh o`tecwarmkji kjhustry, wb`r` ceri` sgec` ks tb` oast `gk`jt.

Kj ehhkaj ta stestòpcayo`jt, ejatb`r kopartejt getìary an òpcayo`jt ks kjhkvkhuec `jtr`pr`jùrs ejh tb`kr bkr`h

warm`rs. D`tw``j 4660 ejh 4662, tb` juod`r an jtr`pr`jùrs kjgrès`h scawcy dut stèhkcy, wbkc` tb` juod`r an bkr`hwarm`rs ròekj`h r`cev`cy ujgbeji`h. (W`` Gbert 7.7.) Kj 466;, tb` juod`r an bkr`h warm`rs n`cc dut bes ròekj`h

r`cev`cy stèhy skjg` tb`j.

GBETX 7.4. HKWXTKDPXKAJ AN WXENN @OVCA[@@W D[ WK\@ AN @JX@TVTKW@/KJWXKXPXKAJ, 466; (V@T G@JX)

`jt, ejat `r opartejt get

, ` juo `r a `j r`p`cy ujgbeji`h. (W`` Gbert 7.7.

`j.

Ceri`-skz`h

O`hkuo-skz`h

Woecc-skz`h

8 Dìkjjkji kj 4656 hete aj opcayo`jt dy skz` an òpcay`r er` ja caji`r d`kji gacc`gt`h et tb` gkty c`v`c.

0 Woecc-skz`h jt`rprks`s/kjstuajs/ariejkzeajs kjgcuh` tbas` wktb 55 ta 06 opcay``s= o`hkuo-skz`h, 05 ta 406 opcay``s=

ceri`-skz`h, 405 ar oar` opcay``s.

> Hete aj kjhkvkhuec jtr`pr`jùrs ejh tb`kr bkr`h warm`rs er` es an Lejuery 5 nar egb yèr.

Waurg`s< Oekj stesgs ag` kj Hjkprap`travsm Adcest= kj-baus` gecguceajs.

9>

5>

2

Juod`r ankjhkvkhuec`jtr`pr`jùrs

Juod`r anpàpc` bkr`hdy kjhkvkhuec`jtr`pr`jùrs

Waurg`s< H`perto`jt an Woecc ejh O`hkuo Duskj`ss H`v`capo`jt Vetrajei an tb` @x`guv` Gaook``= Jkmapac Gkty Gaujgkc=

Jkmapac Gkty Wtet` Xex Kjsp`gtaret`.

4,666

6

8,666

>,666

2,666

54,666

56,666

46554655

GBETX 7.7. KJHK^KHPEC @JXT@VT@J@PTW EJH XB@KT BKT@H YATM@TW, 466>55 (JPOD@T AN V@AVC@)>

466> 4656466;46624669


21/43


22/43


47

XrejspartJkmapacs trejsparteaj systò kjgcuh`s oar` tbej 566 pudckg dus`s, juo`raus soecc prkvet` dus`s (stx`h-ruj texks),

ejh rekcwey ejh rkv`r trejsparteaj j`twarms.

Ectbauib tb` trejsparteaj ejh gaooujkgeaj s`gtar ks kopartejt kj Jkmapac, geria trejsparteaj wktbkj tb` gkty

r`pr`s`jts e soecc nregaj an av`recc geria trejsparteaj kj tb` adcest. Jkmapacs oatar geria trejsparteaj (kj tajs)

r`pr`s`jts 6.0 p`r g`jt an tb` tatec adcest oatar geria trejsparteaj. Xbks ks hu` ta tb` negt tbet kjhustry an tb` gkty

gbk`ffly us`h sòk-prag`ss`h oet`rkecs es kts kjputs, wbkgb er` usueccy ckibt`r tbej ujprag`ss`h aj`s, ckm` kraj ar`, trejs-

part`h kj atb`r gk`s an tb` adcest.

Nurtb`roar`, Jkmapac ks aj` an tb` gbk`n pceg`s aj tb` caw`r Hjkpra Tkv`r nar tb` `xpart an garj, ckjs``h, bòp, ejh

waac.

GAJWPOVXKAJ EGXK^KX[Et tb` gkty c`v`c, r`tekc sec`s hete ehlust`h nar kjffleaj er` e iaah kjhkgetar an gajsuopaj egvkty. Eiirìet` r`tekc sec`s

hete nar Jkmapac kjhkget` tbet r`tekc sec`s, kj rèc t`ros, kjgrès`h d`tw``j 4664 ejh 4662 dut hrapp`h kj 466; es tb`

r`g`sskaj taam kts tacc aj opcayo`jt ejh kjgao`s. Kj 4656 r`tekc sec`s r`gav`r`h, es av`recc gajaokg irawtb r`suo`h.

(W`` Gbert 7.8.)

Ev`rei` jaokjec wei`s nar stest

òpcay``s kj Jkmapac w`r` edaut tb` seo` es tbas` nar Hjkprap`travsm Adcest es ewbac`. H`spkt` tbks, p`r gepkte r`tekc sec`s kj Jkmapac er` skijkstgejtcy caw`r tbej tb` adcest ev`rei`. Kj 4656, p`r gepkte

r`tekc sec`s w`r` PEB >,42;, wbkgb ks edaut 50 p`r g`jt caw`r tbej tb` adcest ev`rei`. Kjt`r`sjicy, av`r becn an r`tekc

sp`jhkji kj Jkmapac wes nar naah prahugts. Xbks ks e ougb bkib`r sber` tbej kj tb` adcest es e wbac`, wb`r` ajcy 85 p`r

an r`tekc sp`jhkji wes nar naah prahugts.

Ectbauib tb` treh` s`gtar ks aj` an tb` oar` kopartejt s`gtars an tb` gktys `gajaoy, kt r`pr`s`jts e v`ry soecc pert an

treh` wktbkj tb` adcest. Kj 4656, Jkmapacs sber` an tb` wbac`sec` ejh r`tekc treh`s wktbkj tb` adcest wes 6.8 p`r g`jt ejh

7.5 p`r g`jt, r`sp`gv`cy.

XEDC@ 7.0. OELAT GAJWXTPGXKAJ KJHPWXT[ KJHKGEXATW KJ JKMAVAC, 46604656


Kjhkgetar 4660 466> 4669 4662 466; 4656

Gaooksskajkji an r`skh`jec

dukchkjis, tatec o40,42> 7,;>; 9,059 0,599 8,9;0 5,976

Gaooksskajkji an kjhkvkhuec

bao`s, tatec o40,42> 7,;>; 0,764 8,625 5,787 5,976

Gaooksskajkji an r`skh`jec

dukchkjis, ujkts

84 79 79 42 56 56

Tèc gajstrugaj autput, %

gbeji` av`r pr`vkaus yèr

-7.; -76.2 49.7 -5.8 -87.5 -50.0

Kjv`sto`jt kj stx`h gepktec kjta

bauskji gajstrugaj,

PEB tbausejhs

4,807 4,;74 0,570 9,994 5,8>5 8,>50

Tèc kjv`sto`jt kj stx`h gepktec

kj bauskji gajstrugaj,

% gbeji` av`r pr`vkaus yèr

57.0 7.2 79.0 ;.4 -27.6 59>.0


23/43


48

W@T^KG@W W@GXATKj 4656, s`rvkg`s oeh` up > p`r g`jt an tb` tatec autput an jaj-stjejgkec gaopejk`s kj Jkmapac. Xedc` 7.> sbaws tb`

eoaujt an sach s`rvkg`s dy stros kj tb` jaj-stjejgkec s`rvkg`s s`gtar nar e juod`r an m`y getìark`s kj Jkmapacs s`rvkg`s

s`gtar. Naur s`rvkg`s staah aut es d`kji pergucercy kopartejt kj 4656. Xrejspart r`pr`s`jt`h 44 p`r g`jt, rèc `stet`

ejh `hugeaj ègb r`pr`s`jt`h 5> p`r g`jt ejh oekc ejh gaooujkgeajs r`pr`s`jt`h 55 p`r g`jt an ecc s`rvkg`s sach

dy tb` jaj-stjejgkec s`rvkg`s s`gtar. Xai`tb`r, tb`s` naur getìark`s r`pr`s`jt jèrcy >> p`r g`jt an ecc sach s`rvkg`s kj

Jkmapac.


GBETX 7.8. T@XEKC WEC@W ITAYXB KJ JKMAVAC, 466556 (V@T G@JX, GAJWXEJX VTKG@W)

XEDC@ 7.>. EOAPJX AN WACH W@T^KG@W9 D[ NKTOW KJ XB@ JAJ-NKJEJGKEC W@T^KG@W W@GXAT D[ X[V@ ANEGXK^KX[ KJ JKMAVAC, 4656 (PEB XBAPWEJHW KJ GPTT@JX VTKG@W EJH V@T G@JX)

@gajaokg egvkty Eoaujt an sach s`rvkg`s Wber` an tatec, p`r g`jt

Xatec 585,>>> 566.6

Xrejspart 75,0>5 44.7

Oekc ejh gaooujkgeajs 50,>46 55.6

Tèc `stet` 44,>4; 5>.6

Kjnaroeaj-r`cet`h egvk`s 7,4>2 4.7

@jikj``rkji, iàcaiy, ejh iàh`sy-r`cet`h s`rvkg`s >,058 8.>

@hugeaj 44,286 5>.5

Bèctb ger` 0,9;> 8.5

Wejkteaj, ierdei` gacc`gaj ejh hkspasec 57,94> ;.9

V`rsajec s`rvkg`s 7,>89 4.>

Atb`r s`rvkg`s 5>,6>> 55.7


-46

-76

-56

6

56

86

76

06

46

466246604668466746644665 466> 4669 4656466;

9 Ha`s jat kjgcuh` treh` ejh gajstrugaj, wbkgb er` h`sgrkd`h kj atb`r perts an tbks gbept`r.


24/43


40

KJ^@WXO@JXNkx`h Gepktec Kjv`sto`jt

Nkx`h gepktec kjv`sto`jt r`pr`s`jts tb` sp`jhkji an duskj`ss`s aj tb` gajstrug

aj an dukchkjis ar tb` purgbes` an v`-bkgc`s ar `qukpo`jt. Gbert 7.0 kccustret`s tb` egguouceaj anstx`h gepktec (kj jaokjec ejh rèc t`ros sa tbet gbeji`s

kccustret`h kj tb` gbert kjgcuh` gbeji`s kj prkg`s es w`cc es gbeji`s kj vacuo`s) kj Jkmapac av`r tb` 466056 p`rkah.

D`tw``j 4660 ejh 4656, jaokjecstx`h gepktec kjv`sto`jt ras`, wktb ev`rei` ejjuec irawtb `xg``hkji 05 p`r g`jt.

Xbks wes ougb nest`r tbej tb` 5> p`r g`jt ev`rei` irawtb kj jaokjecstx`h gepktec kjv`sto`jt past`h dy tb` adcest.

Kjt`r`sjicy, jaokjec kjv`sto`jt kj stx`h gepktec kj tb` gkty gajju`h ta iraw tbrauibaut tb` r`g`sskaj, dut n`cc sberpcy

kj 4656. Kj 466;, jaokjec stx`h gepktec kjv`sto`jts ras` ta jèrcy 246 okcckaj PEBjèrcy skx o`s tbet an naur yèrs

èrck`r. Baw`v`r, kj 4656 jaokjec kjv`sto`jt kj stx`h gepktec n`cc ta 474 okcckaj PEB. Kj rèc t`ros, ajg` prkg` kjgrès`s

bev` d``j eggaujt`h nar, stx`h kjv`sto`jt n`cc ta kts caw`st c`v`c kj 0 yèrs.

Hkr`gt Nar`kij Kjv`sto`jtJkmapac ks jat eoaji tb` cèh`rs kj tb` adcest kj t`ros an eregji nar`kij hkr`gt kjv`sto`jt (NHK), rejmkji d`bkjh tb`

Gk`s an Hjkprap`travsm, Mryvyk Tkb, ejh Hjkprahz`rzbyjsm, es w`cc es tb` pr`haokjet`cy rurec Hjkprap`travsmyk rekaj,

ejh eggaujji nar ajcy 5.4 p`r g`jt an ecc NHK kj tb` adcest. Baw`v`r, skjg` 466>, tb` gkty bes oeh` irèt prair`ss kj

eregji sugb kjv`sto`jt, wktb tatec NHK kjgrèskji dy jèrcy 72 okcckaj PWH ègb yèr, aj ev`rei`, av`r tb` 466962

p`rkah. (W`` Xedc` 7.9.) Xb` kjfflaw scaw`h jatedcy kj 466; ejh stapp`h kj 4656, es e r`suct an gajju`h wèmj`ss kj tb`

warch `gajaoy.


GBETX 7.0. KJ^@WXO@JX KJ NKR@H GEVKXEC, 466056 (PEB OKCCKAJW KJ GPTT@JX VTKG@W EJHT@EC V@T G@JX GBEJI@ A^@T VT@^KAPW [@ET)

566

-06

6

06

566

506

466

V@TG@JX

PEBokcckajs

466

866

>66

266

766

066

966

;66

6 -566

Irawtb kj rèc kjv`sto`jt av`r pr`vkaus yèr (rkibt sgec`)Jaokjec kjv`sto`jt (c` sgec`)

4662466>4660 466;4669 4656


25/43


4>

KJX@TJEXKAJEC @RVATXW EJH KOVATXW@xparts

Xb` Hjkprap`travsm Adcest ks ej kopartejt `xpart`r an kjhustrkec iaahs. Jkmapac ks tb` tbkrh ceri`st `xpart`r an iaahs

kj tb` adcest, eggaujji nar 55 p`r g`jt an adcest `xparts kj 4656 ejh e skokcer sber` av`r tb` caji`r 466056 p`rkah.

@xparts dy tb` gkty ras` stèhkcy ujc tb` icadec `gajaokg r`g`sskaj geus`h tb` gktys `xparts ta necc dy oar` tbej becn.

Kj 4656 `xparts kjgrès`h dy 07 p`r g`jt dut w`r` scc d`caw tb`kr 4669 c`v`c.

Xb` gkty xparts ceri` hkeo`t`r st``c pkp`s, n`rra-eccays ejh sèoc`ss pkp`s. D`geus` tb` gktys xparts er` us`h pr`haok-

jejtcy nar gajstrugaj an ies ejh akc pkp`ckj`s, hòejh nar kts prahugaj h`p`jhs nrao tb` hòejh nar akc ejh ies.

KopartsH`spkt` e h`gckj` kj 466>, tatec koparts an iaahs ir`w skijkstgejtcy d`tw``j 4660 ejh 4662. Baw`v`r, es e r`suct an tb`

`gajaokg grksks, koparts n`cc hreoegeccy kj 466; d`nar` pereccy r`gav`rkji kj 4656. (W`` Xedc` 7.2.) Xb` r`hugaj kj

hòejh nar tb` gktys `xparts oèjt tbet n`w`r kopart`h kjputs w`r` j`g`ssery nar prahugaj. Jkmapacs sber` an tb`

adcests koparts bes sbawj skijkstgejt verkeaj av`r o`, necckji ta e caw an 9 p`r g`jt kj 466> ejh pèmkji et 52 p`r

g`jt kj 4662. Baw`v`r, tb`s` sber`s ckm`cy ujh`rstet` tb` kopartejg` an kjt`rjeajec koparts kj tb` gktys gajaoy skjgòejy kopart`h iaahs gajsuo`h dy gkty r`skh`jts w`r` agkeccy kopart`h dy tb` gk`s an Hjkprap`travsm ejh Mykv.

YEI@WNar ougb an tb` 466055 p`rkah, jaokjec wei` irawtb nar stestòpcay``s kj Jkmapac bes d``j qukt` radust. Xb` hy-

jeokgs an ev`rei` oajtbcy wei`s nar stestòpcay``s av`r tbks p`rkah er` kccustret`h kj Gbert 7.>. D`tw``j 4660 ejh

4662, jaokjec wei` irawtb nar stestòpcay``s ev`rei`h jèrcy 76 p`r g`jt p`r yèr d`nar` scawkji ta lust 0.> p`r

g`jt kj 466;.Es tb` `gajaokg grksks sudskh`h, jaokjec wei` irawtb r`daujh`h. Jaokjec wei`s ras` dy jèrcy 47 p`r

g`jt kj 4656 ejh dy 5; p`r g`jt kj 4655. Kt sbauch d` jat`h tbet jaokjec wei`s ajcy r`pr`s`jt tb` tem bao` pey

an warm`rsjat tb` purgbeskji paw`r an tb`kr wei`s.Ehlust`h nar kjffleaj, wei`s ir`w, aj ev`rei`, dy 2.8 p`r g`jt

d`tw``j 4660 ejh 4655.

XEDC@ 7.2. KJX@TJEXKAJEC @RVATX EJH KOVATX AN IAAHW KJ JKMAVAC, 466056


Kjhkgetar 4660 466> 4669 4662 466; 4656

@xparts, PWH tbausejhs >97,579 90>,>07 5,682,6>; 5,7>0,842 0;6,84; ;66,8;0

Koparts, PWH tbausejhs 75>,;84 4>0,86> 025,07> 5,>7>,954 8>6,49> 928,4>5

Wber` an adcest xparts, % 55.6 55.6 55.6 56.6 55.6 55.4

Wber` an adcest koparts, % 54.6 9.6 55.6 52.6 55.6 57.0

XEDC@ 7.9.NAT@KIJ HKT@GX KJ^@WXO@JX (NHK) KJ JKMAVAC EX [@ET-@JH, 466056


Kjhkgetar 4660 466> 4669 4662 466; 4656

Nar`kij hkr`gt kjv`sto`jts,

PWH tbausejhs

8,278 0,570 84,9;0 25,607 22,769 22,5>;

NHK irawtb, PWH tbausejhs 4,>84 764 79,>>6 72,402 9,408 -57;

Wber` kj tatec adcest, % 6.5 6.5 6.> 5.4 5.7 5.4


26/43


49

Jaokjec wei`s nar stestòpcay``s kj oejy s`gtars an Jkmapacs `gajaoy oar` tbej haudc`h av`r tb` 46606; p`rk-

ah.2Xb` ròekjkji s`gtarsgajstrugaj, treh`, stjejgkec s`rvkg`s, ejh pudckg ehokjkstreajecc beh wei` irawtb tbet

`xg``h`h 26 p`r g`jt hurkji tbks p`rkah.

Xedc` 7.; pravkh`s h`tekcs aj tb` hyjeokgs an ev`rei` oajtbcy jaokjec wei`s nar ecc stest

òpcay``s av`r tb` 466055p`rkah, es w`cc es hkst r`jg`s kj ev`rei` oajtbcy jaokjec wei`s d`tw``j s`x`s.; Et tb` eiirìet` c`v`c, tb` hkst r`jg`s

d`tw``j wei`s nar oec`s ejh nòec`s er` sudstejec. Xb`s` hkst r`jg`s gej r`ffl`gt hkst r`jg`s kj òpcayo`jt egrass

`gajaokg egvk`s ejh kjhustrk`s dy oec`s ejh nòec`s, kj lad typ`s wktbkj ejy ikv`j `gajaokg egvkty ar kjhustry dy

oec`s ejh nòec`s, ejh kj wei`s nar oec`s ejh nòec`s wba bev` skokcer lads.

Ectbauib tb`r` er` sudstejec hkst r`jg`s d`tw``j tb` ev`rei` wei`s an oec` ejh nòec` stestòpcay``s, Gbert 7.9

sbaws tbet tbas` hkst r`jg`s bev` `xbkdkt`h e t`jh`jgy ta sbrkjm d`tw``j 4660 ejh 4662. Baw`v`r, tb` gcaskji an tb`

iep eppèrs ta bev` d``j h`rekc`h dy tb` `gajaokg hawjturjs kj Jkmapac kj 466> ejh 466;. Dy 466;, tb` cest yèr nar

wbkgb s`x hkseiirìet`h hete er` evekcedc`, tb` ev`rei` jaokjec wei` nar nòec` stestwes edaut >> p`r g`jt tbet an

oec` stestwarm`rs e`r bevkji pèm`h et av`r >; p`r g`jt kj 4662. Xbus, kt eppèrs tbet tb` `gajaokg hawjturjs kj

Jkmapac bev` hkspraparajet`cy burt nòec` stestwarm`rs.

XEDC@ 7.;. E^@TEI@ JAOKJEC YEI@W NAT WXENN @OVCA[@@W D[ W@R, 466055 (PEB V@T OAJXB)


4660 466> 4669 4662 466; 4656 4655

@opcay``s, tatec ;87.5> 5,464.87 5,849.97 5,2>5.08 5,;>0.46 4,85>.08 4,2;5.42

Oec`s 5,577.2; 5,807.82 5,960.92 4,5;5.05 4,7>8.08 j/e j/e

Nòec`s 974.59 ;42.29 5,542.84 5,06;.55 5,0>5.22 j/e j/e


GBETX 7.>. E^@TEI@ JAOKJEC YEI@W, ECC WXENN @OVCA[@@W, 466055 (PEB V@T OAJXB)

066

6

5,666

5,066

4,666

4,066

7,066

7,666

46624660 466> 466;4669 4656 4655

2 Dìkjjkji kj 4656, hete aj wei`s dy s`gtar an tb` gajaoy er` ja caji`r r`part`h et tb` gkty c`v`c.

; Dìkjjkji kj 4656, hete aj wei`s dy s`x er` ja caji`r r`part`h et tb` gkty c`v`c.


27/43


42

Xedc` 7.56 pravkh`s h`tekcs aj ev`rei` jaokjec wei`s nar stestòpcay``s dy `gajaokg egvkty ejh dy s`x nar 466;. Xb`

tedc` kccustret`s e m`y pakjt. Xb` hkst r`jg`s kj ev`rei` jaokjec wei`s d`tw``j oec`s ejh nòec`s verk`h irètcy h`-

p`jhkji upaj tb` gajaokg egvkty. Nar xeopc`, tb` ev`rei` jaokjec wei`s nar nòec` stestòpcay``s kj tb` kjhustry

ejh trejsparteaj ejh gaooujkgeajs s`gtars w`r` c`ss tbej 96 p`r g`jt tbet an oec` stestòpcay``s, wbkc` tb` ev`r-

ei` jaokjec wei` nar nòec` stestòpcay``s kj tb` pudckg ehokjkstreaj ejh rèc `stet` s`gtars `xg``h`h tbet an oec`

stestòpcay``s. Wcc, geuaj oust d` `x`rgks`h wb`j kjt`rpr`ji ecc stiur`s kj tbks tedc` d`geus` hkst r`jg`s d`tw``j

wei`s nar oec`s ejh nòec`s okibt r`ffl

`gt hkst

`r`jg`s kj lad typ`s wktbkj ejy ikv`j `gajaokg eg

vkty retb`r tbej hkst

`r-`jg`s kj wei`s nar oec`s ejh nòec`s wba bev` skokcer lads.



GBETX 7.9. TEXKA AN E^@TEI@ JAOKJEC YEI@W AN N@OEC@ WXENN @OVCA[@@W XA E^@TEI@ JAOKJECYEI@W AN OEC@ WXENN @OVCA[@@W, 46606; (V@T G@JX)

>4

>5

>7

>8

>0

>>

>9

>2

>;

96

46624660 466> 466;4669

XEDC@ 7.56.E^@TEI@ JAOKJEC YEI@W NAT WXENN @OVCA[@@W D[ @GAJAOKG EGXK^KX[, 466;(PEB V@T OAJXB)


Ecc s`gtars 5,;>0.46 4,7>8.08 5,0>5.22

Eirkguctur`, bujji, ejh nar`stry 5,478.02 5,445.05 5,498.29

Kjhustry 4,425.95 4,008.58 5,925.48

Gajstrug

aj 5,759.80 5,752.>0 5,755.7;Ybac`sec` ejh r`tekc treh`= r`pekr an oatar v`bkgc`s,baus`bach eppckejg`s, ejh p`rsajec us`

5,609.;; 5,69;.76 5,688.58

Bat`cs ejh r`steurejts 954.66 >>>.49 940.95

Xrejspart ejh gaooujkgeaj 5,294.>6 4,849.5; 5,702.55

Nkjejgkec egvk`s 4,55>.;9 4,590.8> 4,6;2.0>

Tèc stet`, r`jji, ejh s`rvkg`s nar jtr`pr`jùrs 5,068.>5 5,772.99 5,022.>9

Vudckg ehokjkstreaj 4,445.7; 4,675.97 4,4;2.0>

@hugeaj 5,09;.2> 4,6>9.0; 5,824.0;

Bèctb ger` ejh sagkec esskstejg` 5,5>6.>; 5,4;5.>8 5,576.40

Atb`r typ`s an `gajaokg eg

vkty 5,747.95 5,8;9.5; 5,47;.55


28/43


4;

Xedc` 7.55 pravkh`s h`tekcs aj ev`rei` jaokjec wei`s nar stestòpcay``s dy kjhustry ejh s`x nar 466;. Xb` tedc` r`-

òpbeskz`s tb` m`y pakjt oeh` kj tb` pr`g`hkji tedc`, ejh tbet ks wbkc` tb`r` oey d` ceri` hkst r`jg`s kj jaokjec wei`s

nar oec` ejh nòec` stestòpcay``s nar sao` kjhustrk`s, tb`s` hkst r`jg`s er` soecc nar atb`r kjhustrk`s.

GAJGCPWKAJWJkmapacs gkty `gajaoy ks haokjet`h dy tb` o`tecs ejh o`teccuriy kjhustry. Xbks kjhustry eggaujt`h nar 29 p`r g`jt an

tb` autput an jaj-stjejgkec `jt`rprks`s ejh 89 p`r g`jt an stestòpcayo`jt kj tb` gkty kj 466;. Ikv`j tb` kopartejg`

an tb` o`tecs ejh o`teccuriy kjhustry kj tb` gktys òpcayo`jt strugtur`, kt ks ja surprks` tbet òpcayo`jt kj tb` gkty

ks gajg`jtret`h kj ceri`-skz`h `jt`rprks`s, wktb 9> p`r g`jt an stestòpcay``s warmkji kj tb`s` `jt`rprks`s. Jkmapacs

s`rvkg`s s`gtar ks sao`wbet c`ss h`v`cap`h tbej kj atb`r gk`s kj tb` Hjkprap`travsm Adcest, wktb tb` s`rvkg`s s`gtar

oemkji up > p`r g`jt an tb` tatec autput an jaj-stjejgkec gaopejk`s kj 4656.

Jkmapacs o`tecs ejh o`teccurikgec kjhustry bes oeh` tb` gkty ej kopartejt `xpart`r an sao` sp`gkeckz`h kjhustrkec

iaahs, prkoerkcy pkp`s. Gajs`qu`jtcy, kts `gajaoy ks s`jskv` ta `xt`rjec sbagms, ejh tb` icadec r`g`sskaj beh e skijkst-

gejt kopegt aj Jkmapacs `xparts. Kj 466;, tb` gktys `xparts n`cc dy 09 p`r g`jt nrao tb`kr pèm kj 4662. Kj 4656 `xparts

kjgrès`h dy 07 p`r g`jt dut w`r` scc d`caw tb`kr 4669 c`v`c.

Kjffleaj-ehlust`h wei`s nar warm`rs kj tb` gkty ras` dy 2.8 p`r g`jt ejjueccy d`tw``j 4660 ejh 4655, wbkc` ev`rei`

(jaokjec) wei`s nar stestwarm`rs ir`w oar` scawcy tbej tb` jeajec ev`rei`.


XEDC@ 7.55.E^@TEI@ JAOKJEC YEI@W NAT WXENN @OVCA[@@W D[ KJHPWXT[, 466; (PEB V@T OAJXB)


Kjhustry 4,425.95 4,008.58 5,925.48

Okjkji kjhustry - - -

Naah, d`v`rei`s, ejh tadegga 5,796.55 5,8>;.06 5,769.00

X xc` oejunegtur`= prahugaj an ier-o`jts, nurs, ejh nur iaahs

- - -

Vrahugaj an cètb`r, cètb`r iaahs,ejh atb`r ktòs

- - -

Yaah prag`sskji ejh oejunegturkji anwaah prahugts, `xg`pt nurjktur`

- - -

Vucp ejh pep`r kjhustry, pudcksbkji ;;9.5> 5,565.29 ;76.04

Vrahugaj an gam`, r`stj`h p`tracùoprahugts, ejh jugcèr nu`c

- - -

Gbòkgec kjhustry - - -

Vrahugaj an rudd`r ejh pcesg prah-ugts

5,249.54 5,2;>.;9 5,>44.44

Vrahugaj an atb`r jaj-o`tecckg okj-`rec prahugts

;74.85 ;;;.4> 940.9>

O`teccuriy ejh oejunegtur` an nedrk-get`h o`tec prahugts

4,8;;.70 4,909.>9 5,;>;.22

Oejunegtur` an oegbkj`ry ejh `qukp-o`jt

5,78>.9> 5,807.69 5,5>7.26

Oejunegtur` an v`bkgc`s ejh `qukp-o`jt

- - -

Atb`r kjhustrk`s >>6.;4 >>4.07 >02.68

@c`gtrkgkty, ies, ejh wet`r 5,>86.4> 5,;62.46 5,702.94


29/43


76

KJHKGEXATW AN JKMAVACW @GAJAOKGV@TNATOEJG@

Xedc` 7.54 pravkh`s e gaoperksaj d`tw``j Jkmapacs `gajaokg p`rnaroejg` ejh Pmrekj`s `gajaokg p`rnaroejg` nar

jkj` m`y `gajaokg kjhkgetars. Jkmapacs `gajaokg p`rnaroejg` av`r tb` pest skx yèrs bes d``j sao`wbet okx`h gao-per`h ta Pmrekj` es e wbac`. Kts òpcayo`jt p`rnaroejg` av`r tb` pest skx yèrs bes ecsa d``j wèm`r. Baw`v`r,

Jkmapac bes autp`rnaro`h Pmrekj` kj t`ros an irawtb kj NHK p`r gepkte, dut tbks ks ceri`cy erkdutedc` ta sterji nrao

e ougb caw`r NHK p`r gepkte des`. Kj negt, av`r tb` pest skx yèrs, tb` gkty bes ceii`h d`bkjh tb` gaujtry kj t`ros an tb`

c`v`c an NHK p`r gepkte. Jkmapac bes autp`rnaro`h Pmrekj` aj `xparts, wktb datb tb` c`v`c ejh irawtb an `xparts p`r

gepkte `xg``hkji, aj ev`rei`, tbet an tb` gaujtry. Kt bes ecsa skijkstgejtcy autp`rnaro`h Pmrekj` kj t`ros an rèc p`r

gepkte stx`h gepktec kjv`sto`jt irawtb, dut tbks oey d` erkdutedc` ta e caw`r p`r gepkte stx`h gepktec kjv`sto`jt des`.

Av`r tb` 46606; p`rkah, tb` gktys ev`rei p`r gepkte jaokjec stx`h gepktec kjv`sto`jt bes d``j d`caw tbet an Pmrekj`.

Jkmapacs p`r gepkte r`tekc sec`s av`r tb` seo` p`rkah neccs sbart an tbet an Pmrekj`r`ffl`gji scaw`r wei` irawtb kj tb`

gkty tbej nar tb` gaujtry es e wbac`.

Waurg`s< Oekj stesgs ag` kj Hjkprap`travsm Adcest= Wtet` Wtesgs W`rvkg` an Pmrekj`= kj-baus` gecguceajs.

XEDC@ 7.54.M@[ KJHKGEXATW AN JKMAVACW @GAJAOKG WKXPEXKAJ

Kjhkgetar Jkmapac Pmrekj`T`cev` paskaj

an Jkmapac

Wkx-yèr ev`rei` an opcayo`jt irawtb

(466056), %

-5.4 -6.2 Yèm`r

Wkx-yèr ev`rei` an NHK p`r gepkte irawtb

(466056), %

5>4.9 77.0 Wtraji`r

Wkx-yèr ev`rei` an NHK p`r gepkte (466056), PWH 86;.5 >27.6 Yèm`r

Wkx-yèr ev`rei` an `xparts p`r gepkte irawtb

(466056), %

45.8 54.7 Wtraji`r

Wkx-yèr ev`rei` an `xparts p`r gepkte

(466056), PWH

>,;74.> 5,654.9 Wtraji`r

Wkx-yèr ev`rei` an r`tekc sec`s p`r gepkte,

(466056), PEB

7,;0;.5 8,520.7 Yèm`r

Wkx-yèr ev`rei` an rèc stx`h gepktec kjv`sto`jt p`r

gepkte irawtb (466056), %

77.4 5.> Wtraji`r

Wkx-yèr ev`rei` an jaokjec stx`h gepktec kjv`sto`jt

p`r gepkte (466056), PEB

4,966.7 7,86;.> Yèm`r

Wkx-yèr ev`rei` an wei` irawtb nar stestòpcay``s

(466056), %

48.8 42.2 Yèm`r


30/43


75

DPHI@X WPTVCPW/H@NKGKXJkmapac kjgurr`h e h stgkt `v`ry yèr hurkji tb` 466056 p`rkah, wktb tb` `xg`paj an 4669. (W`` Gbert 8.5.) Xb` h`stgkt

kj 4656 wes PEB 4.4 okcckaj (6.9 p`r g`jt an r`v`ju`s), wbkgb wes caw`r tbej tb` h`stgkt an PEB 7.> okcckaj (5.8 p`r g`jt

an r`v`ju`s) tb` pr`vkaus yèr. Xb`s` h`stgkts w`r` nujh`h nrao kjt`rjec gkty saurg`s.

Gbept`r 8

NKWGEC VTANKC@5

Gkty duhi`t r`v`ju`s w`r` PEB 745.8 okcckaj kj 4656. Ikv`j tb` gktys papuceaj an 540,264, tbks wes qukve-c`jt ta PEB 4,008.9 p`r gepkte.

Xatec `xp`jhktur`s w`r` PEB 747.> okcckaj ar PEB 4,095.; p`r gepkte.

Xb` Gkty an Jkmapac kjgurr`h e h`stgkt `v`ry yèr av`r tb` 466056 p`rkah, wktb tb` `xg`paj an 4669. Kj

4656, tb` duhi`tery h`stgkt wes PEB 4.4 okcckaj, ar 6.9 p`r g`jt an r`v`ju`s.

Agkec trejsn`rs kjgrès`h nrao 78.8 p`r g`jt an duhi`t r`v`ju`s kj 4660 ta 8>.0 p`r g`jt kj 4656.

Xb` gkty r`g`kv`h `queckzeaj trejsn`rs `v`ry yèr nrao 4660 tbrauib 4656.

Kj 4656, tb` Duhi`t nar H`v`capo`jt eggaujt`h nar 6.; p`r g`jt an tatec r`v`ju`s (`qukvec`jt ta PEB 44.8

p`r gepkte). Xbks wes hawj nrao e bkib an 8.7 p`r g`jt kj 466>.

Kj 4656, gepktec xp`jhktur`s tatecc`h PEB 44.; okcckaj, ar 9.5 p`r g`jt an tatec xp`jhktur`s. Xbks wes qukve-

c`jt ta PEB 525.9 p`r gepkte.

Av`r tb` 466056 p`rkah, Jkmapacs oahkstedc` r`v`ju`s ev`rei` 56.0 p`r g`jt an tatec r`v`ju`s. Kj 4656, tbks

praparaj wes ;.2 p`r g`jt, wbkgb wes `qukvec`jt ta PEB 48;.; p`r gepkte.

A^@T^K@Y

5 Pjc`ss atb`rwks` jat`h, ecc stiur`s ejh stesgs kj tbks r`part er` des`h upaj duhi`t kjnaroeaj nrao tb` Wtet` Xrèsury T`parts

aj Cagec Duhi`ts @x`guaj nar tb` Gkty an Jkmapac nar 466056, hòairepbkg hete nrao tb` oekj stesgs ag` kj Hjkprap`travsm

Adcest, GVK hete nrao tb` Wtet` Wtesgs W`rvkg` an Pmrekj`, ejh kj-baus` gecguceajs uskji hete nrao tb`s` tbr`` saurg`s. Kj sao`

ges`s, p`rg`jtei` sber`s ha jat ehh up ta 566 hu` ta raujhkji.


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T@^@JP@WAv`r tb` 466056 p`rkah, irawtb kj duhi`t r`v`ju`s ev`rei`h 40.8 p`r g`jt (gaopaujh ejjuec irawtb ret`, ar GEIT).

(W`` Gbert 8.4.) T`v`ju`s kjgrès`h sckibtcy kj 466;, h`spkt` tbks d`kji e yèr an gajaokg berhsbkp nar Pmrekj`, wb`j

tb` gaujtrys IHV h`gckj`h dy 50.5 p`r g`jt kj rèc t`ros. 4 T`v`ju`s ras` 40.0 p`r g`jt yèr-av`r-yèr kj 4656, oekjcy

hu` ta agkec trejsn`rs, wbkgb kjgrès`h dy 72.7 p`r g`jt ta PEB 58;.0 okcckaj. D`tw``j 4660 ejh 4656, iav`rjo`jt

trejsn`rs es e praparaj an tatec r`v`ju`s kjgrès`h oerm`hcy, nrao 78.8 ta 8>.0 p`r g`jt.

Waurg`s< Wtet` Xrèsury T`parts aj Cagec Duhi`ts @x`guaj nar Gkty an Jkmapac 466056= kj-baus` gecguceajs.

GBETX 8.5. DPHI@X WPTVCPW/H@NKGKX, 466056 (PEB OKCCKAJW EJH V@T G@JX)

-7.6

-7.0

-8.6 -4.6

-5.0

-5.6

-6.0

6

6.0

-4.6

-4.0

PEBokcckajs

V@TG@JX

-6.0

-5.6

6

-5.0

6.0

5.6

4662

4660 466> 4669

4662

466; 4656

Vraparaj an Xatec T`v`ju`s (rkibt sgec`)Wurpcus/H`stgkt (c` sgec`)

Waurg`< Wtet` Xrèsury T`parts aj Cagec Duhi`ts @x`guaj nar Gkty an Jkmapac 466056.

GBETX 8.4. T@^@JP@W, 466056 (PEB OKCCKAJW)

06

566

6

506

466

406

766

706

46624660 466> 466;4669 4656

4 Kjt`rjeajec Oaj`tery Nujh Gaujtry T`part Ja. 56/4>4 (Euiust 4656), p. 77.


32/43


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78

Kj 4656, tex r`v`ju`s, wbkgb r`pr`s`jt`h 89.; p`r g`jt an ecc r`v`ju`s, gajskst`h prkoerkcy an p`rsajec kjgao` tex`s

(PEB 546.> okcckaj, `qukvec`jt ta 79.0 p`r g`jt an tatec r`v`ju`s) ejh cejh peyo`jts (PEB 47.0 okcckaj, `qukvec`jt ta

9.7 p`r g`jt an tatec r`v`ju`s).

V`rsajec kjgao` tex r`v`ju`s kjgrès`h nrao PEB 80.0 okcckaj kj 4660 ta PEB 546.> okcckaj kj 4656, wbkgb ks qukvec`jt

ta e GEIT an 45.0 p`r g`jt. Xbks irawtb bes d``j stèhy, wktb ajcy aj` h`gckj`. Kj 466;, r`v`ju` nrao p`rsajec kjgao`

tex`s n`ccta PEB ;2.; okcckaj nrao PEB 569.2 okcckaj kj 4662, ja haudt hu` ta tb` i`j`rec `gajaokg hawjturj. Kj gaj-trest, cejh peyo`jts kjgrès`h gajjuauscy nrao 4660 tbrauib 4656 (nrao PEB ;.0 okcckaj kj 4660 ta PEB 47.0 okcckaj

kj 4656). (W`` Gbert 8.0.)

D`tw``j 4660 ejh 4656, agkec trejsn`rs r`g`kv`h dy tb` Gkty an Jkmapac oar` tbej quehrupc`h (nrao PEB 70.> okcckaj

ta PEB 58;.0 okcckaj, wbkgb ks `qukvec`jt ta e GEIT an 77.4 p`r g`jt). (W`` Xedc` 8.5.) Xbks daast`h tb`kr sber` wktbkj

tatec r`v`ju`s nrao 78.8 ta 8>.0 p`r g`jt. Ybkc` oast an tb`s` trejsn`rs gajskst`h an sudv`jajs (42.6 p`r g`jt an tatec

r`v`ju`s aj ev`rei`) ta asts`t tb` gast an h`vacv`h egvk`s, tb` gkty ecsa r`g`kv`h prair`sskv`cy bkib`r `queckzeaj

peyo`jts nrao tb` stet` duhi`t.8 Kjkeccy `qukvec`jt ta 0.9 p`r g`jt an tatec r`v`ju`s (PEB >.6 okcckaj) kj 4660, tb`y

h`gckj`h ta 8.8 p`r g`jt an tatec r`v`ju`s kj 4669 d`nar` prair`sskv`cy rkskji ta 5>.8 p`r g`jt an tatec r`v`ju`s (PEB

04.; okcckaj) kj 4656.0Xb` irawkji sber` an `queckzeaj irejt hòajstret`s tb` irawkji h`p`jh`jgy an Jkmapac gkty

duhi`t aj tb` stet` duhi`t.


GBETX 8.0. V@TWAJEC KJGAO@ XER EJH CEJH VE[O@JXW, 466056 (PEB OKCCKAJW)

46

86

>6

26

566

546

586

6

46624660 466> 466;4669 4656

V`rsajec kjgao`

tex

Cejh peyo`jts

8

Xbks ks des`h aj Pmrekjkej eggaujji gajv`jajs ejh, es e r`suct, ha`s jat kjgcuh` @queckzeaj irejts ta d` trejsn`rr`h ta rekajejh gkty duhi`ts (Mykv ejh W`vestapac, gk`s an r`pudckgej ejh adcest sudarhkjejg`).

0 Nujhs pekh ujh`r tb` getìary an Atb`r sudv`jajsduhi`t gah` 85670666 er` jat agkeccy kjgcuh`h kj queckzeaj peyo`jts

kj tb` Duhi`t Gah` an Pmrekj`. Xb`y bev` d``j kjgcuh`h b`r`.


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70

WV@GKEC NPJHXb` Duhi`t Gah` an Pmrekj` stet`s tbet tb` duhi`t gej d` hkvkh`h kjta e I`j`rec Nujh ejh e Wp`gkec Nujh. (W`` Gbert8.>.) Xb` Wp`gkec Nujh kjgcuh`s ecc r`v`ju`s h`hkget`h ar `eroerm`h nar g`rtekj duhi`t `xp`jhktur`s, kjgcuhkji awjr`v`ju`s nrao duhi`tery kjstuajs sugb es ckdrerk`s ejh baspktecs. Ecc r`v`ju`s jat h`skijet`h nar tb` Wp`gkec Nujh

er` put kj tb` I`j`rec Nujh.

XEDC@ 8.5. WXTPGXPT@ AN ANNKGKEC XTEJWN@TW, 466056 (PEB OKCCKAJW EJH V@T G@JX)

4660 466> 4669 4662 466; 4656

Xatec agkec trejsn`rs 70.> >2.6 >>.4 567.; 562.5 58;.0

Vraparaj an tatec r`v`ju`s, % 78.8 87.6 7>.4 85.> 84.4 8>.0

Irejts 56.5 50.0 58.0 50.> 79.4 04.;

Vraparaj an tatec r`v`ju`s, % ;.9 ;.2 9.; >.4 58.0 5>.8

an wbkgb `queckzeaj irejts >.6 58.9 2.6 58.6 4;.8 04.;

praparaj an tatec r`v`ju`s, % 0.9 ;.7 8.8 0.> 55.0 5>.8

Wudv`jajs 48.4 8>.; 82.4 9;.6 96.> ;0.0

Vraparaj an tatec r`v`ju`s, % 47.7 4;.> 4>.8 75.> 49.> 4;.9

Nujhs hkr`gt`h ta Duhi`t nar

H`v`capo`jt

6.; 7.7 5.> 4.> 6.6 6.6

Vraparaj an tatec r`v`ju`s, % 6.; 4.5 6.; 5.6 6.6 6.6

Atb`r irejts ejh sudv`jajs 6.0 4.8 5.; >.2 6.7 5.5

Vrapar

aj an tatec r`v`ju`s, % 6.0 5.0 5.6 4.9 6.5 6.7

O`oarejhuo.4 745.8

Xrejsn`rs ta tb` @queckzeaj

Nujh

6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6



GBETX 8.>. I@J@TEC EJH WV@GKEC NPJH T@^@JP@W, 466056 (PEB OKCCKAJW)

06

566

506

466

406

766

6

46624660 466> 466;4669 4656

I`j`rec Nujh

Wp`gkec Nujh


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7>

Xb` Wp`gkec Nujh ks prkoerkcy gaoprks`h an tb` gktys awj r`v`ju`s nrao duhi`t-nujh`h kjstuajs, sudv`jajs, ejh

tb` Duhi`t nar H`v`capo`jt. (W`` Xedc` 8.4.) T`v`ju`s nrao tb` Wp`gkec Nujh ev`rei`h 57.; p`r g`jt an tatec r`v`ju`s

av`r tb` 466056 p`rkah, wbkc` irawtb an r`v`ju`s kj tb` Wp`gkec Nujh ev`rei`h 48.> p`r g`jt (GEIT)oekjcy hu` ta

repkhcy irawkji sudv`jajs (nrao PEB 0.8 okcckaj kj 4660 ta PEB 44.9 okcckaj kj 4656, ar e GEIT an 77.7 p`r g`jt).

Vrap`rty tex r`v`ju`s h`gckj`h es e praparaj an tatec Wp`gkec Nujh r`v`ju`s, nrao 9.2 p`r g`jt kj 4660 ta 0.6 p`r g`jt

kj 4656. Jatedcy, tb` Wp`gkec Nujh r`g`kv`h ja sudv`jajs r`v`ju`s nrao tb` g`jtrec iav`rjo`jt kj 4669.

Es wktb atb`r Pmrekjkej gk`s, tb` verkedkckty an r`v`ju`s nrao sudv`jajs ks hu` ta ceri` sudskhy peyo`jts oeh` dy

tb` g`jtrec iav`rjo`jt ta kjhkvkhuec baus`bachs (vke tb` Wp`gkec Nujh) ta r`pey h`dts kjgurr`h nar bèji, wet`r, ejh

s`wei` n``s kj 466>, 4662, ejh 466;.

DPHI@X NAT H@^@CAVO@JXXb` Duhi`t nar H`v`capo`jt ks e gaopaj`jt an tb` Wp`gkec Nujh. T`v`ju`s nrao tb` Duhi`t nar H`v`capo`jt er` èr-oerm`h nar kjnrestrugtur` h`v`capo`jt purpas`s, kjgcuhkji h`dt r`peyo`jts (nar `j`s tbet bev` h`dt), sudwey ejhies pkp`ckj` gajstrugaj, ejh atb`r h`skijet`h purpas`s. Nar tbks rèsaj, tb` Duhi`t nar H`v`capo`jt pceys e skijkst-

gejt rac` kj tb` sagkec ejh `gajaokg h`v`capo`jt an Pmrekjkej gk`s.

Av`r tb` 466056 p`rkah, tb` Duhi`t nar H`v`capo`jt ev`rei`h 4.4 p`r g`jt an tatec duhi`t r`v`ju`s. (W`` Xedc` 8.7.)

Ess`t sec`s (nar `xeopc`, dukchkjis) pravkh`h, aj ev`rei`, tb` ceri`st ev`rei` gajtrkduaj an r`v`ju`s ta tbks duhi`t

ktò, et >5.2 p`r g`jt.

Xrejsn`rs nrao tb` I`j`rec Nujh oeh` up tb` j`xt ceri`st gajtrkduaj ta tb` Duhi`t nar H`v`capo`jt d`tw``j 4660

ejh 4662. Kj 466; ejh 4656, ja sugb trejsn`rs aggurr`h. D`tw``j 4660 ejh 4662, tb`s` trejsn`rs r`pr`s`jt`h 87.7 p`r

g`jt an tatec r`v`ju`s an tb` Duhi`t nar H`v`capo`jt. Kj 466; ejh 4656, tb`s` trejsn`rs hrapp`h ta z`ra, wktb gar-

r`spajhkji sudstejec hraps kj tb` skz` an tb` tatec Duhi`t nar H`v`capo`jt. T`v`ju`s nrao cejh sec`s gajtrkdut`h e

r`cev`cy oèir` ;.7 p`r g`jt ta tb` Duhi`t nar H`v`capo`jt.

XEDC@ 8.4. WV@GKEC NPJH, 466056 (PEB OKCCKAJW EJH V@T G@JX)

XEDC@ 8.7. DPHI@X NAT H@^@CAVO@JX, 466056 (PEB OKCCKAJW EJH V@T G@JX)

4660 466> 4669 4662 466; 4656

Duhi`t nar H`v`capo`jt 4.6 >.2 8.0 0.; 7.2 4.2

Vrap`rty tex`s 5.6 5.8 5.0 5.9 5.2 5.;

Awj r`v`ju`s nrao duhi`t

nujh`h kjstuajs

8.6 0.4 0.; 2.8 2.0 56.6

Xeri`t`h nujhs 6.4 6.4 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.9

Wudv`jajs 0.8 46.5 6.6 47.0 50.8 44.9Atb`r r`v`ju`s 6.4 5.5 5.2 8.> 6.6 6.0

Xatec 54.; 78.2 58.6 88.0 4;.; 72.9

Oòarejhuo.4 745.8

Vraparaj an tatec r`v`ju`s, % 54.8 44.6 9.9 59.2 55.9 54.5

4660 466> 4669 4662 466; 4656

T`g`kpts nrao ess`t sec`s 6.; 7.4 4.7 7.7 7.4 4.8

T`v`ju`s nrao cejh sec`s 6.4 6.4 6.9 6.6 6.> 6.8

Kjv`sto`jt sudv`jajs 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.6

Xrejsn`rs nrao tb` I`j`rec Nujh 6.; 7.7 5.> 4.> 6.6 6.6

Xatec 4.6 >.2 8.0 0.; 7.2 4.2

Oòarejhuo.4 745.8

Vraparaj an tatec r`v`ju`s, % 5.; 8.7 4.0 4.8 5.0 6.;




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506

466

766

406

706

46624660 466> 466;4669 4656


OAHKNKEDC@ T@^@JP@WOahkstedc` r`v`ju`s er` tex`s ar c`vk`s tbet tb` `x`guv` dahk`s an cagec s`cn-iav`rjejg` ujkts gej h`gkh` ta oahkny

et wkcc. Xb`s` kjgcuh` cagec tex`s ejh hu`s, es w`cc es kjgao` h`rkv`h nrao cèskji cejh ar dukchkjis.>D`tw``j 4660

ejh 4656, oahkstedc` r`v`ju`s, aj ev`rei`, r`pr`s`jt`h 56.0 p`r g`jt an tatec r`v`ju`s. Av`r tbks p`rkah, tb` sber`

h`gckj`h nrao 58.6 p`r g`jt kj 4660 ta ;.2 p`r g`jt kj 4656. (W`` Xedc` 8.8.)Jkmapacs oahkstedc` r`v`ju`s gajskst`h oekjcy an cejh peyo`jts (98.2 p`r g`jt an tb` tatec kj 4656, up nrao >0.9 p`r

g`jt kj 4660), tb` ujkst`h skjic` tex aj soecc `jtr`pr`jùrs (58.0 p`r g`jt kj 4656, hawj nrao 48.7 p`r g`jt kj 4660),

ejh cagec tex`s ejh hu`s (9.9 p`r g`jt kj 4656, hawj nrao 56.6 p`r g`jt kj 4660).

@RV@JHKXPT@WJkmapacs xp`jhktur`s ir`w et e GEIT an 40.5 p`r g`jt nrao 4660 ta 4656, nrao PEB 560.> okcckaj ta PEB 747.> okcckaj.(W`` Gbert 8.9.)

> Kj eggarhejg` wktb tb` j`w Duhi`t Gah` an Pmrekj`, ehapt`h kj 4656, oahkstedc` r`v`ju`s ecsa kjgcuh` tb` ujkst`h skjic` tex aj

soecc `jtr`pr`jùrs.

XEDC@ 8.8. OAHKNKEDC@ T@^@JP@W, 466056 (PEB OKCCKAJW EJH V@T G@JX)

4660 466> 4669 4662 466; 4656

Cejh peyo`jts ;.0 56.; 55.2 54.6 45.> 47.0

Cagec tex`s ejh hu`s 5.8 5.> 5.> 4.7 4.8 4.8

T`g`kpts nrao gaooujkty prap-

`rty cès`

6.6 6.6 6.6 6.2 5.4 6.;

Pjkst`h skjic` tex aj soecc `jtr`-pr`jùrs

7.0 7.0 7.; 8.9 8.4 8.0

Xatec 58.0 5>.6 59.7 5;.; 4;.0 75.8

Oòarejhuo.4 745.8

Vraparaj an tatec r`v`ju`s, % 58.6 56.5 ;.0 9.; 55.0 ;.2


GBETX 8.9. @RV@JHKXPT@W, 466056 (PEB OKCCKAJW)


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72

Aj e p`r gepkte desks, jaokjec `xp`jhktur s oar` tbej trkpc`h hurkji tb` 466056 p`rkah, nrao PEB 92;.5 kj 4660 ta

PEB 4,095.; kj 4656, wbkgb ks `qukvec`jt ta e GEIT an 4>.9 p`r g`jt. (W`` Gbert 8.2.) E`r d`kji ehlust`h nar kjffleaj,

tb` kjgrès` wes ougb oar` oah`st wktb e GEIT an 56.2 p`r g`jt. Tèc p`r gepkte `xp`jhktur`s ras` nrao PEB >;0.4

ta PEB 5,50;.;.

Kj 4656, `xp`jhktur`s gajskst`h oekjcy an naur draeh getìark`s< `hugeaj (75.5 p`r g`jt), sagkec prat`gaj ejh

sagkec s`gurkty (4>.4 p`r g`jt), bèctb ger` (47.4 p`r g`jt), ejh bauskji ejh oujkgkpec `gajaoy (2.9 p`r g`jt). (W``

Gbert 8.;.)

Av`r tb` 466056 p`rkah, `xp`jhktur`s aj sagkec prat`gtkaj ejh sagkec s`gurkty `xp`rk`jg`h tb` nest`st irawtb

(GEIT an 7;.9 p`r g`jt). Es e sber` an tatec `xp`jhktur`s, kt ras` nrao 50.5 ta 4>.4 p`r g`jt. (W`` Gber t 8.56.)

Xbks kjgrès`wbkgb ecsa aggurr`h kj oejy gktk`s egrass Pmrekj` et tb` tko`wes hu` ta e r`vk`w an deskgsagkec stejherhs ujh`rtem`j dy tb` stet`. Kj gajtrest, `xp`jhktur`s aj bauskji ejh oujkgkpec `gajaoy es e

sber` an tatec `xp`jhktur`s h`gckj`h nrao 55.; ta 2.9 p`r g`jt an tb` tatec (GEIT an 59.0 p`r g`jt) av`r tb`

seo` p`rkah.

Waurg`s< Wtet` Xrèsury T`parts aj Cagec Duhi`ts @x`guaj nar Gkty an Jkmapac 466056= Wtet` Wtesgs W`rvkg` an Pmrekj` (GVK

hete)= kj-baus` gecguceajs.

GBETX 8.2. V@T GEVKXE @RV@JHKXPT@W, T@EC EJH JAOKJEC, 466056 (PEB)

066

6

5,666

5,066

4,666

4,066

7,666

46624660 466> 466;4669 4656

Tèc

Jaokjec

GBETX 8.;. @RV@JHKXPT@W D[ VTKJGKVEC GEX@IAT[, 4656 (V@T G@JX)

Bèctb ger`47.4

@hugeaj75.5

Atb`r xp`jhktur`s56.9

Bauskji ejhoujkgkpec gajaoy2.9

Wagkec prat`gajejh sagkec s`gurkty4>.4

2

o

rekj` et tb, `xp`jhktur`s aj

p`r g`jt an tb` t

tur`s, kt ras

gras

` an tatec `xp`jh

h kj oejy gktk`s` stet`. Kj gajt

`h nrao .; ta 2

Waurg`s< Wtet` Xrèsury T`part aj Cagec Duhi`ts @x`guaj nar Gkty an Jkmapac= kj-baus` gecguceajs.


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7;

Baw`v`r, tbks r`suct ks hkstart`h dy skijkstgejt peyo`jts oeh` kj 466>, 4662, ejh 466; ta baus`bachs nar h`dt r`pey-o`jts kjgurr`h ta purgbes` bèt, paw`r, wet`r suppcy, ejh s`wei`. Veyo`jts hkr`gt`h tawerh baus`bachs ta b`cp pey

hawj tb`s` h`dtswbkgb stòo`h nrao tb` hkst r`jg` d`tw``j stet`-epprav`h terksts ejh tb`kr egtuec gasttatecc`h

PEB 52.5 okcckaj, PEB 47.0 okcckaj, ejh PEB 0.6 okcckaj kj tb`s` tbr`` r`sp`gv` yèrs. Xb`s` peyo`jts oeh` up 08.;

Waurg`< Wtet` Xrèsury T`parts aj Cagec Duhi`ts @x`guaj nar Gkty an Jkmapac 466056.

Gbert 8.56e. @hugeaj

Gbert 8.56g. Wagkec Vrat`gaj ejh Wagkec W`gurkty

Gbert 8.56`. Atb`r @xp`jhktur`s

Gbert 8.56d. Bèctb Ger`

Gbert 8.56h. Bauskji & Oujkgkpec @gajaoy

GBETX 8.56. CETI@WX @RV@JHKXPT@W D[ GEX@IAT[, 466056 (PEB OKCCKAJW)

46

46

56

0

6

6

6

86

76

56

>6

86

50

06

26

46

>6

40

76

566

26

70

96

546

;6

86

4662

4662

4662

4660

4660

4660

466>

466>

466>

466;

466;

466;

4669

4669

4669

4656

4656

4656

56

0

46

50

56

6

6

76

86

46

40

06

76

>6

70

86

96

26

80

4662

4662

4660

4660

466>

466>

466;

466;

4669

4669

4656

4656


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p`r g`jt an `xp`jhktur`s aj bauskji ejh oujkgkpec `gajaoy kj 466>, >5.8 p`r g`jt kj 466;, ejh 44.; p`r g`jt kj 4656.

Xatec xp`jhktur`s oey ecsa d` vk`w`h kj t`ros an ap`reji ejh gepktec xp`jhktur`s. Gepktec xp`jhktur`s es e sber` an

tatec `xp`jhktur`s h`gckj`h st`ehkcy nrao 466> tbrauib 466; (nrao 54.4 ta 0.6 p`r g`jt), dut r`daujh`h sckibtcy kj 4656

ta 9.5 p`r g`jt. Kj jaokjec t`ros, kt ras` nrao PEB 54.6 okcckaj kj 4660 ta PEB 44.; okcckaj kj 4656. (W`` Gbert 8.55.)

KJHKGEXATW AN JKMAVACW

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