Development through Military History into Modern Daily Use.By: Gagandeep SinghReg. no: 1241Bran!h: "le!troni!s "ngg.#$%R&DU'%#&$"(R)* D"+")&,M"$%H&- D&"S #% -&R.%H"RM() #M(G#$G#M(G" "$H($'"M"$%G"$"R(%#&$S$#GH% +#S#&$ D"+#'"S G"$"R() ,UB)#' US"$#GH% +#S#&$ #$ (U%&M&B#)"'&$')US#&$R"/"R"$'"S%he 0ord 1$ight vision2 itsel3 means the a4ility to see in lo0 light !onditions.Humans have poor night vision !ompared to many other animals.Due to the nature o3 these early night vision devi!es 5$+D67 they gave a0ay ta!ti!al positions.Military s!ientists 4egan to thin8 o3 0ays to improve night vision to gain a strategi! advantage$ight vision te!hnology has shaped history.%he 9rst night vision devi!es 5$+D6 0ere !reated during --##. /un!tioned 4y pla!ing an in3rared 9lter over a sear!hlight./ighters 0ould use spe!ial 4ino!ulars to see using the light 3rom the sear!hlights. %here 0ere many disadvantages to using the sear!hlights and :ares.%he a!tual sear!hlight 0as massive and had to 4e mounted on a tru!8 or tan8.%he images !reated 0ere strea8y and distorted.%he a!!eleration o3 ele!trons !ut the li3e o3 the image intensi9!ation tu4e7 0hi!h 0as the most important and e;pensive part o3 the $+D7 very short.%0o te!hnologies are used 3or night vision:516%hermal #maging526#mage "nhan!ement#n3rared light is used to visualie!ts in vie0. %he 3o!used light is s!anned 4y a phased array o3 in3rared?dete!tor elements. %he dete!tor elements !reate a very detailed temperature pattern !alled a thermogram. #t only ta8es a4out one?thirtieth o3 a se!ond 3or the dete!tor array to o4tain the temperature in3ormation to ma8e the thermogram.%he thermogram !reated 4y the dete!tor elements is translated into ele!tri! impulses.%he impulses are sent to a signal?pro!essing unit7 a !ir!uit 4oard 0ith a dedi!ated !hip that translates the in3ormation 3rom the elements into data 3or the display. %his in3ormation is o4tained 3rom several thousand points in the 9eld o3 vie0 o3 the dete!tor array. %he signal?pro!essing unit sends the in3ormation to the display7 0here it appears as various !olors depending on the intensity o3 the in3rared emission. %he !om4ination o3 all the impulses 3rom all o3 the elements !reates the image. IN DAY LIGHTIN DARK NIGHTUSING THERMAL IMAGING (n image-intensifer tube is used to !olle!t andampli3y in3rared and visi4le light.( !onventional lens7 !alled theobjective lens7 !aptures am4ient light and some near?in3rared light.%he gathered light is sent to the image?intensi9er tu4e.%he image?intensi9er tu4e has a photocathode7 0hi!h is used to !onvert the photons o3 light energy into ele!trons.( Microscopic plate(MCP) is a tiny glass dis8 that has millions o3 mi!ros!opi! holes in it. %he M', is !ontained in a va!uum and has metal ele!trodes on either side o3 the dis!.(t the end o3 the image?intensi9er tu4e7 the ele!trons hit a s!reen !oated 0ith phosphors.(s ele!trons pass through the mi!ro !hannels7 they !ause thousands o3 other ele!trons to 4e released in ea!h !hannel using a pro!ess !alled cascaded secondary emission.%hese ele!trons maintain their position in relation to the !hannel they passed through7 0hi!h provides a per3e!t image sin!e the ele!trons stay in the same alignment as the original photons.%he energy o3 the ele!trons !auses the phosphors to rea!h an e;!ited state and release photons.%hese photons !reate the image on the s!reen.%he green phosphor image is vie0ed through another lens7 !alled the o!ular lens7 0hi!h allo0s you to magni3y and 3o!us the image.%he $+D may 4e !onne!ted to a monitor to display the image. %he s!reen 0as purpose3ully !olored greendue to the s!ienti9! 3a!t that the human eye!an di@erentiate more shades o3 green thatany other !olor.%hus providing more de9ned images Generation 0Theearliest(1950's)nightvisionproductswere basedonimageconversion,ratherthan intensificationGeneration 1 !acuum Tube Technolog"#ull $oon %peration&mplification' 1,000%perating (ife' ),000 *oursGeneration )+#irst $icro channel ,late&pplication+%ne+-uarter $oon %peration+&mplification' )0,000+%perating (ife' ),500 *oursGeneration.+/mproved $icro channel ,late0 ,hotocathode+1tarlight %peration+&mplification' 20,000+%perating (ife' 10,000 *ourGeneration4haslessnoisethan generation A7 ho0ever it has shorter li3e.

13%,41The" are monocular normall"handheld or mounted on a weaponG%GG(41The" are binocular and worn on the head3&$45&1 6sed for transmission or recording of images mostl" if the location is fi7ed8/9%36(&518asicall" night vision goggles with amplificationscopecameragogglesMilitary Hunting -ildli3e o4servation )a0 en3or!ementSurveillan!e Se!urity $avigation Hidden?o4>e!t dete!tion "ntertainment BM-Bs $ight +ision 0ith ,edestrian Dete!tion system allo0s drivers to see 0hat 5or 0ho6 is do0n the road ?? even on the dar8est nights. it doesnBt do mu!h 3or revealing a dead animal in the middle o3 the road or perhaps a large ro!8 or a 3allen tree. Mercedes-Be! "ses a ac#$%e s&s#em or ear-IR s&s#em #'a# $ll"m$a#es #'e $g'# ($#' pro)ec#ed $*rared l$g'#+ m"c' l$,e op#$cs *o"d $ m$l$#ar&-$ss"e $g'#-%$s$o goggles T'e ad%a#age $s #'a# #'e Mercedes s&s#em ca see (armer l$%$g #'$gs )"s# as clear as $# ca spo# colder+ dead a$mals or o-l$%$g o-)ec#s Mercedes. NIR s&s#em does.# 'adle *og (ell .#n !on!lusion # 4elieve that is 0onder3ul ho0 something originally designed 3or destru!tion7 !an no0 help people on an every?day 4asis.Toda" in the )1st centur" we have come a long wa" in the development of night vision technolog", from the earl" 1920:s /n present scenario the applications of night vision technolog" is ver" essential to combat terrorism which is a ma;or problem being faced b" man